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Common Carp Removal in a Shallow Urban Lake: Casey Lake (North St

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Common Carp Removal in a Shallow Urban Lake: Casey Lake (North St Common Carp Removal in a Shallow Urban Lake: Casey Lake (North St. Paul) Bill Bartodziej and Eric Korte, Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District Justine Koch and Dr. Peter Sorensen, University of Minnesota Common Carp Research in the Phalen Chain of Lakes Justine Koch Dr. Peter Sorensen Key contributions – Sorensen Lab . Reduced adult carp in the Chain by over 50% - down to 58 lb/ac – meets goal of < 90 lb/ac . Nursery areas – found high densities of young carp in a few connected ponds and shallow lakes – Justine Koch – 2pm . Bluegill seem to be controlling carp recruitment in the main lakes. Long-term Carp Management Plan Management Goals: . Continue to reduce the adult carp population in the main lakes . Eliminate carp recruitment in targeted shallow lakes/ponds Outcome: Improve the water quality and ecology of the Phalen Chain of Lakes through control of common carp. MN AFS 2013 Casey Lake - Phalen Chain of Lakes RWMWD MN AFS 2013 1953 – agricultural land use – open water Present – residential land use – first ring suburb Playground, ball fields, picnic area, walking path, fishing Casey – algal/turbid state • 12 acres • Maximum depth – 4 feet With carp: • Frequent algal blooms • Average Chl-a – 80 mg/m3 • No rooted submersed plants • TP – averaging 225 ug/l The Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) •Native to Eurasia •Highly invasive in many regions –Fecund, long-lived, mobile, & tolerant of environmental extremes –Bottom feeders – release nutrients and can uproot plants Farnsworth School – 6th grader Carp Survey Data Biomass over 100 lb/ac is problematic 14000 12000 10000 8000 340 lb/ac 6000 Number 4000 2000 0 2010 2011 2012 Casey Lake – Project Outline I. Conduct a winter drawdown to eliminate carp II. Stock native game fish – bluegill and bass III. Install an aeration system IV. Monitor water quality, aquatic plants, and fish V. Adaptive management November 2012 – drawdown in progress Early December 2012 Late December 2012 – some carp were in pools April 2013 – ice out – signs of winter kill Carp Survey Data – Spring 2013 Drawdown and fish kill 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 May - 2013 Bluegill and largemouth bass stocked in spring 2013 Casey Lake 2013 – aquatic – July plants – clearcovered water most stateof the lake bottom 2013 – Total Phosphorus 350 Drawdown and fish kill 300 250 200 /L g 150 u 100 50 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 year 2013 – Chlorophyll a 140.0 Drawdown and fish kill 120.0 100.0 3 80.0 mg/m 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 year Common macrophytes 80 70 60 50 40 % FOC 30 20 10 0 C. elodea Coontail Small pondweed Stoneworts 2010 2013 December 2013 – Aerator is functioning Dissolved oxygen averaged 9.5 mg/l throughout winter April 2014 – fish survey Late May 2014 – surfaced algae June 2014 – “water net” (Hydrodictyon reticulatum) becomes dominant June 2014 - Canada elodea and water net Early July 2014 – 90% cover of water net July 2014 – harvesting the water net July 2014 – harvesting the water net July 2014 – sampling algae July 18th 2014 August 18th 2014 August 22nd 2014 – a second harvest was needed 2014 – Total Phosphorus 350 Drawdown and fish kill 300 250 200 /L g u 150 100 50 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 year 2014 – Chlorophyll a 140.0 Drawdown and fish kill 120.0 100.0 3 80.0 mg/m 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 year 2014 – macrophytes 80 70 60 50 40 % FOC 30 20 10 0 C. elodea Coontail Small pondweed Stoneworts 2010 2013 2014 2014 – harvesting summary . 2 harvesting efforts – 120, 000 lbs algae and plants (wet weight) . Cost - $11,000 . TP removed – 39 lbs . Cost per lb of TP removed - $280 (BMPs – low end $1,000 per lb) Casey Lake – Project Results . Eliminated the risk of carp migrating into the Chain . Clear water state – increase in water quality . Game fish community is becoming established . Harvesting algae may be a viable BMP to reduce phosphorus DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATIONS OF A FISH COMMUNITY-BASED STRESSOR INDEX OR HOW I LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE D.O. STANDARD John Sandberg MPCA North Biological Monitoring Unit EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING MONITORING Beneficial Uses of Water in MN • Recreation • Agricultural Use IMPLEMENTATION • Industrial Use ASSESSMENT • Consumption • Support of Aquatic Life PROTECTION OR STRESSOR RESTORATION IDENTIFICATION PLAN (IF IMPAIRED) Monitoring and Assessing Aquatic Life Chemical Indicators • Dissolved oxygen • Total suspended solids • pH • Chloride • Nutrients Biological Indicators • Fish community • Macroinvertebrate community Aquatic Life Impairments 738 impaired streams 361 biological impairments Fish Macroinvertebrates Aquatic Life - Impaired Streams Stressor Identification - CADDIS framework Some candidate causes can be evaluated by comparing data against WQS…if you have the data… Low dissolved oxygen Suspended sediment If you have the data… Aquatic Life Use Assessments, 2014 draft list Biological Impairments 361 Turbidity impairment 104 Dissolved Oxygen impairment 45 Both Turbidity and Dissolved Oxygen impairment 14 Lacks DO or TSS assessment 162 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Oxygen Dissolved DO Concentration Standard for 2B Diagnostic Signals in Biological Data Index of Biological Integrity Multi-metric tool Indicator of overall ecological health Responsive to… Broad range of stressors Cumulative effects of multiple stressors Composite index score may not be the most sensitive indicator for specific stressors Bedded Sediment Percent gravel spawning fish metric is a better indicator than IBI score 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 FishCommunity IBI score 20 20 rs = -4.90 Percent Gravel Spawning Fish Spawning Gravel Percent 10 rs = -4.64 10 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Mean Depth of Fine Substrate (cm) Mean Depth of Fine Substrate (cm) Species-Level Tolerance Assignments Sensitive species Growth Growth Range Range <20° C <23° C Intolerant • Based on professional judgment • Related to general environmental stress • Qualitative & categorical Very Tolerant prefers tolerant of clear turbidity water Tolerant species Quantifying Tolerance Use weighted-average inference models to calculate species-specific tolerance indicator values (TIVs) Uj = (Y1X1 + Y2X2 +…YnXn) / (Y1 + Y2 +… Yn) Uj = weighted avg of species j Y = species abundance, samples 1,…,n X = water quality variable, samples 1,…,n Uj = ∑YiXi / ∑Yi Samples with greater abundance have “heavier weight”, contribute more to the TIV for a given species VisitNum CommonName Number DO DO_Weight 20121153 brown bullhead 55 4.9 0.329 VisitNum CommonName Number DO DO_Weight 20070042 brown bullhead 43 1.5 0.257 20080124 rainbow darter 112 9.1 0.120 20081076 brown bullhead 20 6.8 0.120 Taxa TIVs 20120040 rainbow darter 101 8.2 0.108 20131124 brown bullhead 18 4.6 0.108 20080123 rainbow darter 87 9.4 0.093 20131164 brown bullhead 9 4.2 0.054 20120163 rainbow darter 82 9.1 0.088 20050252 brown bullhead 4 4.8 0.024 20090103 rainbow darter 67 9.6 0.072 20110128 brown bullhead 4 2.4 0.024 20040006 rainbow darter 63 8.4 0.067 20111038 brown bullhead 3 9.2 0.018 20080053 rainbow darter 61 7.7 0.065 19960017 brown bullhead 2 3.7 0.012 CommonName ChemTV_DO_earlyAM 20100145 rainbow darter 44 8.5 0.047 19960014 brown bullhead 1 8.7 0.006 20090185 rainbow darter 44 7.9 0.047 19990068 brown bullhead 1 6.8 0.006 brown bullhead 4.3 20120034 rainbow darter 35 8.0 0.037 20000091 brown bullhead 1 6.8 0.006 bowfin 5.1 20120199 rainbow darter 33 7.0 0.035 20101258 brown bullhead 1 6.4 0.006 brook stickleback 5.4 20120027 rainbow darter 32 7.4 0.034 20050298 brown bullhead 1 7.6 0.006 central mudminnow 5.5 20120121 rainbow darter 27 7.3 0.029 20111084 brown bullhead 1 7.5 0.006 20120036 rainbow darter 23 7.6 0.025 20131163 brown bullhead 1 8.1 0.006 yellow bullhead 5.6 20080046 rainbow darter 17 9.3 0.018 20131025 brown bullhead 1 6.8 0.006 black bullhead 6.0 20120119 rainbow darter 12 7.1 0.013 20131027 brown bullhead 1 1.0 0.006 northern redbelly dace 6.0 20080206 rainbow darter 10 8.8 0.011 20120125 rainbow darter 10 7.6 0.011 pumpkinseed 6.0 20120018 rainbow darter 9 6.2 0.010 golden shiner 6.0 20111094 rainbow darter 8 9.1 0.009 fathead minnow 6.1 20010058 rainbow darter 7 7.8 0.007 20100164 rainbow darter 7 8.0 0.007 20100143 rainbow darter 6 8.8 0.006 fantail darter 8.4 20100184 rainbow darter 5 7.6 0.005 mottled sculpin 8.4 20120005 rainbow darter 5 7.3 0.005 rainbow darter 8.4 20040436 rainbow darter 4 8.4 0.004 flathead catfish 8.5 20040377 rainbow darter 3 8.2 0.003 20040011 rainbow darter 3 9.5 0.003 goldeye 8.7 20080128 rainbow darter 3 5.6 0.003 American brook lamprey 8.7 20040026 rainbow darter 2 7.5 0.002 ~50 parameters brook trout 9.3 20100425 rainbow darter 2 7.1 0.002 rainbow trout 9.4 20080086 rainbow darter 2 7.6 0.002 • Water chemistry 20090344 rainbow darter 2 5.4 0.002 brown trout 9.5 20090317 rainbow darter 2 7.0 0.002 • Habitat slimy sculpin 10.0 20040021 rainbow darter 1 8.8 0.001 20100366 rainbow darter 1 9.7 0.001 20000142 rainbow darter 1 9.9 0.001 20090218 rainbow darter 1 8.1 0.001 20090037 rainbow darter 1 6.6 0.001 Community TIVs (CTIVs) Aggregate taxa TIVs into community TIVs Taxa abundance in sample Taxa TIV for parameter Community TIV for “Sample B” = ∑YiXi / ∑Yi Yi = abundance of species i in Sample B Xi = taxa specific TIV for a given parameter Modified Hilsenhoff Biotic Index Quantitatively-derived taxa tolerance numbers Stressor-specific tolerance 11UM072 - Trib.
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