A Spectroscopic and Structural Study of Fecosb Alloy دراﺳﺔ طﯾﻔﯾﺔ وﺗرﮐﯾﺑﯾﺔ
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Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2019 Vol.17, No.41, PP. 67-74 DOI: 10.20723/ijp.17.41.67-74 A Spectroscopic and structural study of FeCoSb alloy Saba J. Kadhem Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Key words Fe, Co and Sb nanopowders were fruitfully prepared by Fe alloy , FeCoSb electrical wire explosion method in Double distilled and de-ionized alloy, exploding wire, water (DDDW) media. The formation of iron, cobalt and antimony nanoparticles, optical (FeCoSb) alloy nanopowder was monitored by X-ray diffraction. properties The x-ray diffraction pattern indicates that there are iron, cobalt and antimony peaks. Optical properties of this alloy nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectra. The absorption peak position is shifted to the lower wavelengths when the current increases. That means the mean size of the nanoparticles controlled Article info. by changing the magnitude of the current. The surface morphological Received: Nov. 2018 analysis is carried out by employing Scanning Electron Microscope Accepted: Mar. 2019 (SEM). Particles with varies size were observed also from the images Published: Jun. 2019 the some particles have uneven shapes with agglomerate and the other have spherical shape. The exploding FeCoSb alloy wire plasma parameters is study by optical emission spectroscopy. The emission spectra of the plasma have been recorded and analyzed. The plasma electron temperature (Te), was determined by Boltzmann plot, and the electron density (ne), by Stark broadening for wire with diameter 0.3 mm and current of 75A in distilled water. دراسة طيفية وتركيبية لسبيكة FeCoSb صبا جواد كاظم لسى انفيسياء, كهيت انؼهىو , جايؼت بغذاد, انؼراق الخﻻصة حى حذضير جسيًاث ال Fe و Co و Sb انُاَىيت بُجاح بطريمت اﻷسﻻن انًخفجر كهربائيا داخم انًاء يمطر يرحيٍ ويُسوع اﻻيىَاث )DDDW(. حٌ إجزاء اىذراست اىخزمٍبٍت ىجسٍَاث اىحذٌذ واىنىباىج واﻻّخٍَىُ )FeCoSb( اىْاّىٌت بىاسطت حٍىد اﻷشعت اىسٍْت. واظهز َّط حٍىد اﻷشؼت انسيُيت وجىد لًى انخاصت بانذذيذ وانكىبانج واﻷَخيًىٌ. أٍا اىخصائص اىبصزٌت ىهذٓ اىجسٍَاث اىْاّىٌت حٌ حىصٍفها بىاسطت UV-Visible absorption spectra. ٌﻻحع إُ قَت اﻻٍخصاص حشاح إىى أطىاه ٍىجٍت أقو عْذ سٌادة اىخٍار. وهذا ٌعًْ إُ ٍخىسط حجٌ اىجسٍَاث اىْاّىية انًذضرة يخى انخذكى فيها ػٍ طريك حغيير ليًت انخيار. باسخخذاً حقٍْت انًجهر اﻻنكخروَي انًاسخ SEM حى حذهيم انًىرفىنىجي انسطخ. ٌﻻحع ٍِ خﻻه صىرة انًجهر اﻻنكخروَي انًاسخ SEM إٌ انجسيًاث انًخكىَت راث أدجاو يخخهفت ولسى راث أشكال غير يُخظًت يخجؼًت يغ بؼضها وانمسى اﻷخر راث شكم كروي. حٌ دراست ٍعيَاث انبﻻزيا انًخىنذة يٍ حفجير أسﻻن سبيكت يٍ FeCoSb. طيف اﻻَبؼاد نهبﻻزيا حى حسجيهه وحذهيهه. حٌ اىبﻻسٍا، باسخخذاً ٍخطط بىىخشٍاُ حٌ ححذٌذ درجت حزارة إىنخزوُ )Te(، واحساع سخارك Stark broadening نذساب كثافت اﻹنكخروٌ )ne( ىيبﻻسٍا اىَخىىذة ٍِ حفجٍز سيل قطزٓ 0.3 يهيًخر وبًمذار حيار 57 أٍبٍز داخو اىَاء اىَقطز انؼًانج ايىَيا . 67 Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2019 Saba J. Kadhem Introduction nanoparticles prepared from the Nanoparticles have been a source of FeCoSb alloy using the exploding enormous attention because of their wire technique. Physical-chemical novel electrical, optical, physical, description has considered X-ray chemical and magnetic properties. diffraction (XRD), UV- visible and There are a many of reports of physical scanning electron microscopy (SEM). and chemical processes for fabrication Also The plasma which produced by of nanoparticles one of them is by exploding wire method characteristics using plasma (exploding wire method) were investigated based on optical [1]. The nanoparticles have emission spectroscopy (OES). momentous possible for a wide range of applications like composite Experimental setup materials, catalysis, magnetic In this work, FeCoSb alloy wire recording media, magnetic fluids, with diameter of 0.3 mm was exploded optoelectronic materials, fuel cells and in Double distilled and de-ionized sensors [2, 3]. FeCoSb alloys are water (DDDW). The explosion was attracting greatly attention because carried out with three values of current their extraordinary physical, chemical, 50, 75 and 150 mA. The source voltage and magnetic properties. Recently, available was 35 volts. Referring FeCoSb alloy nanoparticles have to Fig.1, a reaction beaker with volume unique properties that be different from 500 mL was used as the explosion those of the bulk materials [4, 5]. chamber as shown in Fig.1. When the These novel properties are because first electrode (wire) touched the high surface to volume ratio, second electrode (plate) the wire morphology, small particle size and vaporized, and convert into plasma. surface coating of nanoparticles. The material for wire and plate is the FeCoSb alloy nanoparticles have same but with reverse polarity. The interesting application like biomedical exploded wire is related to the perfect and catalytic applications [6]. geometry during the wire guide. The The preparation methods influence plates were set on the base of reaction the properties of nanoscale metal such beaker which filled with 100 ml of as iron particles. There are chemical DDDW. The electrical circuit leftovers and physical methods are used to open until the contact is made by the produce metal and metalloid wire on to the plate mechanically nanoparticles in the form of powders resulting in the wire explosion through and colloids [7, 8]. In the present study a non linear process in very short time. we report the characterization and The nanoparticles disperse in the unusual optical of Fe, Co and Sb DDDW solution. Fig.1: The system of explosion wire in liquid media. 68 Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2019 Vol.17, No.41, PP. 67-74 The wires have been exploded by only relatively low voltages are bringing the alloy wire into speedy applied, and also results in huge contact with the plate. The wire is quantities of nanoparticles being exposed to several sparks and is being formed from both the consumed replaced after several contacts. The electrodes. The experimental electrical explosion wire (EEW) parameters are summarized in Table 1. process is very energy exhaustive since Table 1: Summary of experimental parameters. Wire Materials FeCoSb alloy Wires diameter 0.3mm Applied current 50-75 and 150 A, DC Wire length 20 cm Metal plate (70 x 40) mm and thickness of (2 mm) Liquid type DDDW (Double distilled and de-ionized water) Liquid volume 100 mL Fig.2 shows image of FeCoSb alloy the nanoparticles are attracted to the colloid, prepared by electrical magnet. That mean the composit explosion wire technique, in DDDW contains Irion nanoparticles. media. We noted from the figure that nanofluid Magnet Fe nanoparticles a b Fig. 2: a) Image of FeCoSb alloy colloid prepared by EEW in DDDW. b) Image of FeCoSb nanoparticles which attracted to the magnet. UV–Visible absorption spectrum of absorption peak position is shifted to Fe nanofluid the ultraviolet region when the current Fig.3 illustrated the absorbance of increased that means the diameters of nanofluid that prepared from alloy wire the particles decreases with the current at different current. It is clearly from increases. this figure that the optical properties depend on the amount of current. The 69 Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2019 Saba J. Kadhem 2.5 75mA 100 mA 2 160mA 1.5 Abs 1 0.5 0 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 λ(mn) Fig. 3: Absorbance within UV visible for FeCoSb alloy nanofluid from alloy wire with 0.3mm diameter in DDDW at three different values of current. X- ray diffraction (XRD) at 66.16° and it were shifted to slightly The crystal structure of the FeCoSb higher 2 values. Another signals alloy-nanoparticles dispersed in centered around 61° is detected, DDDW is examined with X-Ray thus including the presence of diffraction. Fig.4 shows the XRD face- centered-cubic (FCC) cobalt pattern of the alloy nanoparticles nanoparticles corresponds to the (200) dispersed in DDDW. The XRD pattern line. There are three peaks at 29.852o, as a 2 plot scanning from 20°–80° 48.892o and 55.871° characteristic of was recorded to determine crystallanity (220), (100) and (101) diffraction plan and structure. The peak obtained of hexagonal centered cobalt. The around 44.5o corresponds to the (110) peaks centered at 21.3o and 35.213o line of Fe (FCC). The peak position of corresponds to the (003) and (014) line the Fe nanoparticles planes (200) was of Sb. Intensity (c/s) 2θo Fig. 4: X-ray diffraction pattern for FeCoSb alloy nanoparticles that obtain by exploded wire method with different diameter in DDDW media. 70 Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2019 Vol.17, No.41, PP. 67-74 Scanning Electron Microscopic of the texture of the deposited metal as (SEM) a thin film on substrate. From the Fundamental study of samples images there are varies size are morphology was obtained using observed also from the images the particular electron microscopy. It is some particles have irregular shapes possible to observe the external with agglomerate and the other have structures of nanoparticles using SEM, spherical shape as shown in Fig.5. and it is performed to the characterize a b Fig. 5: SEM images for synthesized alloy NPS in water, obtained from 0.3 mm exploded FeCoSb wire at; a) high magnification, b) low magnification. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis the film. From Fig. 6, there are many The elemental analysis of the alloy strong peaks for iron, cobalt and is investigation by Energy Dispersive antimony but the strongest peak is to X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis as iron. The weak peak of Si and Ca shown in Fig. 6. EDX measurement shown in the EDX spectra correspond confirms the existence of the alloy in to the glass substrate material. Fig. 6: The EDX energy of the alloy nanoparticles. 71 Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2019 Saba J. Kadhem The spectroscopic analysis line for the relation between ( ) Fig.7 shows the optical emission spectrum emitted from the Plasma versus upper energy level ( .