DOCSLIB.ORG

New Technologies for Human Development in Kazakhstan National Human Development Report - 2006

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Technologies for Human Development in Kazakhstan National Human Development Report - 2006 New technologies for human development in Kazakhstan National human development report - 2006 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY for the development of human potential and the current status of technological development in Kazakhstan. Present-day development trends The purpose of create the need for a new approach to Technologies as a tool for social and economy is human defining the purpose of development and human development the economy. The traditional definition development The first chapter looks at human aiming to ensure a states the main purpose of an economy is to meet growing human needs with development as an end, to which human decent life finite resources. Today, recognizing the development factors such as economic important role of human development, growth, education, healthcare and go- this definition should be changed to say: od environment are the means: new “The purpose of an economy is human technologies are regarded as a tool for the development aiming to ensure a decent development of human potential. life”. Human development is understood Thus, innovations improve productivity, to be the continuous expansion of profits and people’s income and ensure human opportunities to enjoy or have access to better quality goods and a choice of political, economic, social, services. New technologies have a positive spiritual and cultural participation. A effect on human and social health by decent life implies broad-based access reducing deaths and increasing births and to high-quality education, healthcare, life expectancy. The introduction of new social schemes, healthy food, extensive technologies in education is vital to the participation in society and other benefits competitiveness of national human capital. contributing to human development Modern technologies promote effective both culturally and financially. resource use and can contribute to public Having committed to the UN-declared participation in society. concept of development from the However, the authors also mention the perspective of opportunities, Kazakhstan potentially mixed human development has made continued efforts to promote implications of new technologies. There its human development level. The most are economic risks that can significantly valuable resource in the long-term affect the overall effect of new development strategy “Kazakhstan-2030”, technologies on economic development, a key national development document, while environmental and manmade is people. The 2030 strategy also identifies risks preclude unconditionally positive national development priorities that help impacts of new technologies on human improve all spheres of life for each and development. At the same time, access every Kazakhstani. to new technologies may contribute to Kazakhstan’s strong economic deve- growing inequality in relation to income, lopment has allowed it to put new items on place of residence, age, sex, etc. the development agenda to facilitate the Therefore, multi-dimensional effects of implementation of the Kazakhstan-2030 new technologies on human development strategy. These new challenges are set forth suggest the need for a selective approach in the President’s Address to the People of to the development, choice and use of Kazakhstan of 1 March 2006 “Strategy for technologies. The chapter recommends Kazakhstan to become one of the world’s the development of criteria for choosing New technologies 50 most competitive countries”. The new technologies to promote increased can become a Strategy emphasizes the need for innovative income levels, improved literacy and tool for enlarging development, which will be the basis for life expectancy and other human people’s choices Kazakhstan’s breakthrough in the context development components, and minimize of globalization. risks. The National Human Development Report “New Technologies for Human Human development as Kazakhstan’s Development in Kazakhstan” recognizes strategic priority the importance of new technologies, As with the previous report, the second which are considered through a human chapter reviews the status of human development prism, and assigns primary development in Kazakhstan through an focus to the government’s work in the overview of the Kazakhstan-2030 Strategy interests of its people. The Report calls for and identification of new challenges to be reflection on the need for an innovative addressed to ensure sustainable human stage of national development, highlighting development. The authors believe that the some of the pitfalls that can hinder principal national concept should now be human development. It acknowledges the transition to sustainable development, the role of technologies in the develop- which is an objective requirement that can ment of human capital and discusses realize the long-held dreams of the Kazakh Kazakhstan’s human development level, people in terms of national welfare, nature, as well as progress towards the Millennium culture and each Kazakhstani’s health Development Goals, use of technologies and well-being. New technologies for human development in Kazakhstan To ensure sustainable human deve- and low qualifications of the cadre with Multi-dimensional lopment at the current stage, Kazakhstan technical education. effects of new needs to: In the area of funding of research and technologies on - improve life expectancy. Not only development (R&D): limited commitment of human development business and private sectors to participate should Kazakhstan work to increase suggest the need for births, but also take care of those already in R&D programs and projects and lack of correlation between R&D outcomes and a selective approach born. In particular, the excessively large to the development, disparity between female and male life market needs and context. expectancies should be addressed; In order to promote innovative business choice and use of development recommendations are pro- technologies - address the health targets of the vided to ensure links between science and Millennium Declaration relating to production. To this end, attention should reduced child and maternal mortality, be paid to the innovative activity of large halting and reversing the spread of HIV/ and small enterprises, such as the rate of AIDS and other diseases; use of innovation and the responsiveness - ensure that extracting companies of businesses to innovation introduced and the Government join the Extractive by competitors, which can contribute to Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI); competitiveness of such businesses through - achieve a number of targets reduced production costs. related to professional government and In addition, an important factor in decentralization and continue anti- the introduction of new technologies corruption efforts; is the infrastructure facilitating human - improve the quality of education development: ensuring social receptiveness towards Soviet period standards, based towards the introduction of technologies; on the needs of both the economy and equal access of a wide community and human development; all groups of the population to social and technological resources; a high rate and - develop fundamental and applied flexibility of production; extensive use in all sciences. spheres of life. Specifically, the chapter attempts To ensure sustainable human to show the relationship between com- development at the current stage, petitiveness and the development of Kazakhstan needs to: national human capital. The chapter’s message is that, although an important - improve life expectancy. Not only step towards the long-term development should Kazakhstan work to increase strategy Kazakhstan-2030, Kazakhstan’s births, but also take care of those already aim of becoming one of the world’s 50 born. In particular, the excessively large most competitive countries should not disparity between female and male life be considered the ultimate goal of the expectancies should be addressed; country’s development. It serves a higher - address the health targets of the The principal and more complex goal of ensuring broad- Millennium Declaration relating to national concept based opportunities for all people of reduced child and maternal mortality, should now be Kazakhstan in all spheres of life or, in other halting and reversing the spread of HIV/ the transition words, human development. AIDS and other diseases; to sustainable Current and future status of new - ensure that extracting companies development technologies in Kazakhstan and the Government join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI); Developing national capacity in science and technology is instrumental to achieving - achieve a number of targets related a high level of economic productivity to professional government and de- through the use of new technologies to centralization and continue anti- ensure the human development and corruption efforts; economic and social well-being of the - improve the quality of education nation. towards Soviet period standards, based The review of the current status of and on the needs of both the economy and trends in the development of science and human development; technology focuses on the key components of science and technology, including - develop fundamental and applied strengths and weaknesses of the scientific sciences. and research system. The following challenges are identified: Specifically, the chapter attempts In the area of human resources: the to show the relationship between com- ageing of highly qualified cadres (scientists petitiveness and the development
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cesifo WORLD ECONOMIC SURVEY
    CESifo, a joint initiative of the University of Munich’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research CESifo WORLD ECONOMIC SURVEY VOLUME 4, NO. 1 FEBRUARY 2005 WORLD ECONOMIC CLIMATE World Economic Climate is softening ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS Current economic situation and economic expactations have been downgraded somewhat INFLATION No pick-up expected in 2005 INTEREST RATES Trend of rising interest rates is expected to slow down CURRENCIES US dollar seen as clearly undervalued SPECIAL TOPIC Increased international co-operation on the protection of intellectual property rights required With the support of www.cesifo.de/wes All time series presented in this document plus additional series for about 80 countries may be ordered from the Ifo Institute. For further information please contact Mrs. Stallhofer ([email protected]) For further information apply to: Anna Stangl, e-mail [email protected] (Responsible for statistical processing and analysis) Dr. Gernot Nerb, e-mail [email protected] (Head of Industry Branch Research) CESifo World Economic Survey ISSN 1613-6012 A quarterly publication on the world economic climate Publisher and distributor: Ifo Institute for Economic Research Poschingerstr. 5, D-81679 Munich, Germany Telephone ++49 89 9224-0, Telefax ++49 89 9224-1463, e-mail [email protected] Annual subscription rate: €40.00 Editor: Dr. Gernot Nerb, e-mail [email protected] Reproduction permitted only if source is stated and copy is sent to the Ifo Institute February 2005 Ifo World Economic Survey Regions I World economy: Economy
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Opportunities and Threats in Kazakhstan's Wild Liquorice Root Trade
    April 2021 SWEET DREAMS ASSESSING OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S WILD LIQUORICE ROOT TRADE Nadejda Gemedzhieva, Artyom Khrokov, Elise Heral, Anastasiya Timoshyna JOINT REPORT ABOUT US TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting This report was completed under a project implemented between organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, 2019-2022 by TRAFFIC and the Association for the Conservation of or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), under the support of the Keidanren boundaries. Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF). Complementary funds were also gratefully received from Aktionsgemeinschaft Artenschutz (AGA) e.V. Lead author The project aims to reduce unsustainable commercial harvest, which Nadejda Gemedzhieva poses a threat to biodiversity conservation, and to scale up successful sustainable wild liquorice root production from which local people and Published by: nature benefit. We extend our thanks to KNCF for their support. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. During the course of this study, many individuals contributed their time, SUGGESTED CITATION expertise, original research and professional advice and the authors Gemedzhieva, N., Khrokov, A., Heral. E., Timoshyna, would like to thank the staff of the following institutions: Forestry A.
    [Show full text]
  • Sergey Abashin Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) [email protected]
    Sergey Abashin Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) [email protected] Cultural Processes and Transcultural Influences In Contemporary Central Asia Issues addressed and the aims of the text What is this text about? What are the goals of its author? Some preliminary explanations may help shape the expectations of the reader and prevent possible disappointment. My main purpose is to give a three-dimensional overview of the state of cultural affairs in Central Asian societies after the states in the region achieved independence and to describe the main current tendencies defining local cultural processes and transcultural influences in the long term. I am interested in such themes as: culture and the changing political landscape; the institutional environment for culture; culture and education; culture and language; culture and ethnic minorities; culture and religion; the cultural marketplace; culture and business; culture and globalisation. My questions: how is the Soviet experience of "cultural construction” used and transformed in the modern nation-states of Central Asia? what restrictions on cultural production are imposed by the political situation and economic possibilities of these countries? how do the processes of isolationism and globalisation interact? what changes are being wrought by the islamisation of these societies? what is the future potential of secular, European-style, culture? who are the main players in the region’s cultural space? These questions might seem too general, but without considering and judging them, any attempt to understand the essence of events in narrower fields of cultural life is, surely, doomed to failure. In an “analytical note”, a number of general recommendations for the work of international organisations in the cultural sphere of Central Asia are presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine Prices and Pricing Policies in Vietnam
    MEDICINE PRICES AND PRICING POLICIES IN VIETNAM Tuan Anh Nguyen A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia April 2011 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Nguyen First name: Tuan Anh Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: Public Health and Community Medicine Faculty: Medicine Title: Medicine prices and pricing policies in Vietnam Abstract 350 words maximum: Availability of affordable medicines is one precondition to realizing the fundamental human right of access to essential healthcare. Although Vietnam is progressing well with several health-related targets of the Millennium Development Goals being achieved ahead of time, attaining equitable access to affordable medicines remains problematic. In this thesis, a mixed-method approach was adopted in the analysis of medicine prices and polices. The literature was reviewed, followed by an analysis of Vietnam’s pharmaceutical market and legislation. A quantitative study of medicine prices, and a qualitative study on how and why high, unaffordable prices occurred, were conducted. The findings were synthesized to form policy recommendations. The studies demonstrated that medicine prices in Vietnam were unreasonably high. Adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity in 2005, prices in the public sector were 46.58 times the international reference price for innovator-brand medicines and 11.41 times for the lowest-priced generic equivalents. Monopoly of supply was an important cause of high innovator-brand prices. More complex, intrinsic features of Vietnam’s healthcare system were also reported by key stakeholders as driving up prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Snow, Glacier and Water Resources in Asia
    IHP/HWRP-BERICHTE Heft 8 Koblenz 2009 Assessment of Snow, Glacier and Water Resources in Asia Assessment of Snow, Glacier and Water Resources in Asia Resources Water Glacier and of Snow, Assessment IHP/HWRP-Berichte • Heft 8/2009 IHP/HWRP-Berichte IHP – International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO ISSN 1614 -1180 HWRP – Hydrology and Water Resources Programme of WMO Assessment of Snow, Glacier and Water Resources in Asia Selected papers from the Workshop in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2006 Joint Publication of UNESCO-IHP and the German IHP/HWRP National Committee edited by Ludwig N. Braun, Wilfried Hagg, Igor V. Severskiy and Gordon Young Koblenz, 2009 Deutsches IHP/HWRP - Nationalkomitee IHP – International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO HWRP – Hydrology and Water Resource Programme of WMO BfG – Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz German National Committee for the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO and the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) of WMO Koblenz 2009 © IHP/HWRP Secretariat Federal Institute of Hydrology Am Mainzer Tor 1 56068 Koblenz • Germany Telefon: +49 (0) 261/1306-5435 Telefax: +49 (0) 261/1306-5422 http://ihp.bafg.de FOREWORD III Foreword The topic of water availability and the possible effects The publication will serve as a contribution to the of climate change on water resources are of paramount 7th Phase of the International Hydrological Programme importance to the Central Asian countries. In the last (IHP 2008 – 2013) of UNESCO, which has endeavored decades, water supply security has turned out to be to address demands arising from a rapidly changing one of the major challenges for these countries. world. Several focal areas have been identified by the The supply initially ensured by snow and glaciers is IHP to address the impacts of global changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Perinatal HBV Transmission
    PreventionPrevention ofof perinatalperinatal HBVHBV transmission:transmission: EvaluationEvaluation ofof programsprograms andand successsuccess storiesstories fromfrom CentralCentral AsiaAsia andand KazakhstanKazakhstan Michael O. Favorov MD, Ph.D., D.Sc. Ludmila Mosina MD CDC Central Asia Office Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Key Elements in Developing a Program to Prevent HBV Transmission Define epidemiology of disease Quantify disease burden Develop a comprehensive prevention strategy Identify resources to implement program Define epidemiology of disease and quantify disease burden ReportedReported AcuteAcute ViralViral HepatitisHepatitis IncidenceIncidence RateRate inin CentralCentral AsiaAsia byby Country,Country, 19871987--20052005 1600 Kazakhstan 1400 Kyrgyzstan p 1200 e Tajikistan r 1000 Turkmenistan 1 0 Uzbekistan 0 800 0 600 0 0 400 200 0 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 00 Year 2 EtiologyEtiology ofof acuteacute viralviral hepatitishepatitis inin KazakhstanKazakhstan,, 20042004 non A-C HВV - 0,9% 15,5% HDV - 0,1% HСV - 2,5% HЕV- 0,02% HАV - 81,0% AcuteAcute ViralViral HepatitisHepatitis SentinelSentinel SurveillanceSurveillance Sites,Sites, KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan 20002000 Total Total CCaasesses repor reportedted – –20,42220,422 SentinelSentinel S Sitesites CaseCasess – –11,178,178 (5.8%) (5.8%) 20012001 Total Total casescases repor reportedted – –111,3981,398 SentinelSentinel S Sitesites CaseCasess – –679679 (5.9%) (5.9%) Jaundice EtiologyEtiology ofof
    [Show full text]
  • Water Policy Reforms in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia Achievements of the European Union Water Initiative, 2006-16 September 2016
    Water Policy Reforms in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia Achievements of the European Union Water Initiative, 2006-16 September 2016 EUWI EU WATER INITIATIVE EECCA Foreword People’s wellbeing and economic development are increasingly dependent “Ten years after the EUWI upon water. Water scarcity is already a matter of daily struggle for more than launch, we are glad to 40 percent of people around the world. Our vulnerability to water stress is and will be more and more exacerbated by climate change. Improved water see more robust national governance is therefore crucial for accommodating a growing demand policy frameworks, targeted for water in the context of important scarcities. Without efforts to rethink invesments and improved and adjust the way we manage waters, an eventual water crisis will have daunting effects, including conflicts and forced migration. water management practices in countries of Eastern Europe, The European Commission has made water governance one of the priorities of its work, including in the context of international co-operation. The Caucasus and Central Asia.” European Union’s Water Initiative (EUWI), launched in 2006, has been an important avenue for sharing experience, addressing common challenges, and identifying opportunities that would enable our partners to meet water use demands in an environmentally sustainable manner. As part of its Neighbourhood and Development policies, the EU has closely involved the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia in this initiative. The EUWI has been a political undertaking that has helped participating countries improve their legislation in the water sector through the design and the implementation of national policy reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Forecast of Seasonal Discharge in Central Asia Using
    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2225–2254, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2225-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Statistical forecast of seasonal discharge in Central Asia using observational records: development of a generic linear modelling tool for operational water resource management Heiko Apel1, Zharkinay Abdykerimova2, Marina Agalhanova3, Azamat Baimaganbetov4, Nadejda Gavrilenko5, Lars Gerlitz1, Olga Kalashnikova6, Katy Unger-Shayesteh1, Sergiy Vorogushyn1, and Abror Gafurov1 1GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Section 5.4 Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany 2Hydro-Meteorological Service of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 3Hydro-Meteorological Service of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 4Hydro-Meteorological Service of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan 5Hydro-Meteorological Service of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 6CAIAG Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Correspondence: Heiko Apel ([email protected]) Received: 15 June 2017 – Discussion started: 21 June 2017 Revised: 13 February 2018 – Accepted: 27 February 2018 – Published: 11 April 2018 Abstract. The semi-arid regions of Central Asia crucially els are derived based on these predictors as linear combi- depend on the water resources supplied by the mountain- nations of up to four predictors. A user-selectable number ous areas of the Tien Shan and Pamir and Altai moun- of the best models is extracted automatically by the devel- tains. During the summer months the snow-melt- and glacier- oped model fitting algorithm, which includes a test for ro- melt-dominated river discharge originating in the moun- bustness by a leave-one-out cross-validation. Based on the tains provides the main water resource available for agricul- cross-validation the predictive uncertainty was quantified for tural production, but also for storage in reservoirs for en- every prediction model.
    [Show full text]
  • Nick Fielding
    Travellers in the Great Steppe FROM THE PAPAL ENVOYS TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION NICK FIELDING “In writing this book I have tried to explain some of the historical events that have affected those living in the Great Steppe – not an easy task, as there is little study of this subject in the English language. And the disputes between the Russians and their neighbours and between the Bashkirs, the Kazakhs, the Turkomans, the Kyrgyz and the Kalmyks – not to mention the Djungars, the Dungans, the Nogai, the Mongols, the Uighurs and countless others – means that this is not a subject for the faint-hearted. Nonetheless, I hope that the writings referred to in this book have been put into the right historical context. The reasons why outsiders travelled to the Great Steppe varied over time and in themselves provide a different kind of history. Some of these travellers, particularly the women, have been forgotten by modern readers. Hopefully this book will stimulate you the reader to track down some of the long- forgotten classics mentioned within. Personally, I do not think the steppe culture described so vividly by travellers in these pages will ever fully disappear. The steppe is truly vast and can swallow whole cities with ease. Landscape has a close relationship with culture – and the former usually dominates the latter. Whatever happens, it will be many years before the Great Steppe finally gives up all its secrets. This book aims to provide just a glimpse of some of them.” From the author’s introduction. TRAVELLERS IN THE GREAT STEPPE For my fair Rosamund TRAVELLERS IN THE GREAT STEPPE From the Papal Envoys to the Russian Revolution NICK FIELDING SIGNAL BOOKS .
    [Show full text]
  • Mid Term Evaluation Report
    MID TERM EVALUATION REPORT UNODC Project AD/RER/00/E29 Precursor Control in Central Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Report of Evaluator Steve Alm M.Sc. Special Analyst 31 October – 25 November 2005 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna 1 CONTENTS Page LIST OF ACRONYMS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 I. INTRODUCTION 8 1.1. Background and Context 8 1.2. Purpose and Objective of the Evaluation 10 1.3. Executing Modality / Management Arrangements 10 1.4. Scope of the Evaluation 11 1.5. Evaluation Methodology 12 2. ANALYSIS AND MAJOR FINDINGS 2.1. Overall performance assessment (Appropriateness, Relevance, 13 Effectiveness, Efficiency) 2.2. Attainment of Objectives 16 2.3. Achievement of Programme/Project Results and outputs 17 2.4. Implementation (Operational Plan, Monitoring and Backstopping) 17 2.5. Institutional and Management Arrangements 18 3. OUTCOMES, IMPACTS and SUSTAINABILITY 18 3.1. Outcomes 18 3.2. Impact 19 3.3. Sustainability 20 4. LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES 20 4.1. Lessons Learned 20 4.2. Best Practices 21 4.3. Constraints 22 5. RECOMMENDATIONS 22 5.1. Issues resolved during evaluation 24 5.2. Actions/decisions recommended 24 6. OVERALL CONCLUSIONS 25 ANNEXES A. Terms of reference B. Organizations and places visited and persons met C. Activities Table D. Table of removed objectives and activities 2 ACRONYMS DCA Drug Control Agency DLO Drug Liaison Officer FANC Foreign Anti-Narcotics Community INCB International Narcotics Control Board NDS National Data System ROCA Regional Office
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 527.57 K
    International Journal of Political Science ISSN: 2228-6217 Vol.7, No 4, Winter 2017, (pp.1-21) The Impact of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Central Asia’s Security Hedayat Allah Nobar Turkaman1, Fatemeh Hashemi2, Mohammadreza Dehshiri3* 1Department of International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 2Department of International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of International Relations, School of International Relations (SIR), Tehran, Iran Received: 22 Nov 2016 ; Accepted: 20 Oct 2017 Abstract: This paper tries to address the impact of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Central Asian security. This organization was established on April 26, 1996 to settle security and territo- rial disputes between China and Russia and Central Asian countries (other than Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan). After the accession of Uzbekistan to this assembly, the level of the organization was promoted, and its geographic scope has been expanded in the following years by the mem- bership of new countries. Although significant changes have been made and economic issues have been raised in the process of developments in this regional security cooperation, this or- ganization has paid attention to security-military disputes and problems. The main question of the paper is how does the Shanghai Cooperation Organization play a role in the Central Asia’s security? This paper fully addresses the impact of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Central Asia, and the effects of this organization on the security and stability of Central Asia with the settlement of regional conflicts, such as fighting against terrorism, separatism and ex- tremism, drug and arms trade, organizational crimes, concerns about insecurity and domestic instability, and in particular the occurrence of color revolutions in countries and confronting with American influence and unilateralism.
    [Show full text]