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Windrush Generation What? Why ? Take a moment to see if you can answer the 4 Ws Where? When? Genevieve Bent THE WINDRUSH GENERATION WHO ARE THEY, WHY ARE THEY IMPORTANT, WHY DO THEY MATTER? WHO ARE THE WINDRUSH GENERATION? The Windrush Generation were a group of people, from the Caribbean, who were called by the British Government to work and live in the UK. They arrived in Tilbury, Essex, aboard the Empire Windrush, on 22nd June 1948. There were around 800 young Caribbean men and women; who all arrived with dreams and goals for their ‘Mother Country’. Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent WHY DID THEY COME OVER? Up until the early 1960s, many of the Caribbean Islands (and countries in Africa, Asia and around the world) were under British Colonial rule. They were a part of the British Empire. The Caribbean was known as the British West Indies – which is where the term West Indian comes from. The Queen was the ‘Head of State’ for all these countries and in 1948, the 1948 British Nationality Act was passed, granting all members of the British Empire citizenship and the right to live in the UK. After two wars, and the recent end of WW2 in 1945, the UK needed to rebuild its country and economy. The British Government advertised opportunities for employment which attracted many people to leave the Caribbean for the UK. Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent EMPIRE WINDRUSH HMT Empire Windrush was originally a cruise ship (called Monte-Rosa) used in Germany, in the 1930s and was also used as a transportation vessel in WW2. In 1948, Empire Windrush travelled from Australia to London, it docked in Kingston, Jamaica and after a newspaper advert promising employment in London, people across the Caribbean decided to embark upon this journey to the ‘Mother Country’. There were almost 1100 people aboard the Windrush, which arrived in Tilbury, 22nd June 1948, for most of which Britain was their final destination. Genevieve Bent WHAT DOES ‘WINDRUSH GENERATION’ MEAN? Windrush Generation is the term used for the group of settlers, which arrived from the British West Indies, between 1948 and the early 1960s. Windrush Generation most notably refers to those who arrived aboard the Windrush, but many Caribbean people also arrived in the coming years. Windrush Generation marks the start of a multicultural Britain and the development of the Modern Britain we know today. Genevieve Bent HOW WERE THE WINDRUSH GENERATION WELCOMED? The arrival of Windrush and the ‘Immigrants’ was BIG news! Many newspaper reporters greeted them to take pictures of the arrivals and interview some of them. However, Members of Parliament (MPs) complained after the Windrush arrival, urging for controls on immigration. The British people were also not happy to see so many Black people in their country, and this marked the start of difficulty ahead for the Windrush Generation. Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT The Windrush Generation were not welcomed by the British Citizens. They were racially abused, refused housing, refused employment, harassed by the police, bullied in schools (by students and teachers) and made to feel like unwanted illegal ‘aliens’. They were refused all these basic human rights because they were black. Many of the settlers were forced to live in the underground shelters, that were built for the war such as the Clapham shelter. Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT In 1968, the Race This followed on from the Relations Act 1968 was Race Relations Act 1965 passed, making it illegal to which only addressed discriminate against discrimination in public someone because of their places. Race, ethnicity, or nationality. Genevieve Bent HOW DID THE WINDRUSH GENERATION CONTRIBUTE TO THE UK? Almost all the Adults who arrived over the number of years had vocations, trades and skills that made them highly employable. They were nurses, electricians, seamstresses, woodworkers, dressmakers and so much more. After the Race Relations Act 1968, they were able find more employment, particularly in London, which had become increasingly diverse, and the economy began to grow once more. Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent THEIR IMPACT Despite the hardships and struggles they faced, the resilience, optimism and perseverance (some of the CORE values at HIAC), they made a huge impact on British Society. Genevieve Bent SOUNDSYSTEMS Sound systems, were a cheaper alternative to live music, and were played on the streets, around the island of Jamaica. As Caribbean people moved to Britain, in larger numbers, they brought the Soundsystem along with them. They weren’t welcome at traditional clubs, and could not hear the music they loved, so parties were set up locally, in houses or private spaces, and reggae, calypso, ska and ‘Lovers Rock’ music of Soundsystems were enjoyed. Genevieve Bent TROJAN RECORDS MIX Trojan Records were one of the biggest record labels and they were British. Founded in 1968, you can listen to some of the biggest hits here! How does it make you feel? Genevieve Bent NOTTING HILL As areas such as Ladbroke Grove became more and more inhabited and influenced by West Indian people, racial tensions between White British and West Indians. In 1958, following the racially motivated killing of an Antiguan man, Kelso Cochrane, racial riots broke out in Notting Hill. These were called the 1958 Notting Hill Riots. Genevieve Bent NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL Claudia Jones, a Trinidadian woman and Notting Hill resident, came up with the idea of recreating a smaller scale version of the (now world famous) Trindadian Carnival. This was to try to bring together the different communities of London. What started off as a small scale and indoor carnival party, has now grown to be the biggest street Festival in Europe! Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent BRIXTON Brixton and Notting Hill/Ladbroke Grove had the largest inhabitants of Black Caribbean migrants. Brixton is well known for being a hub of the Windrush Community. From the food markets selling Caribbean foods, to the Soundsystem and record shops, to the community centres. Such was the influence of the Windrush generation on Brixton, that in 1998 the area outside of Brixton’s Tate library was renamed Windrush Square. Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent Genevieve Bent THE WINDRUSH SCANDAL In 2017, it emerged that the UK Government had wrongly detained and deported many Commonwealth citizens, back to their country of birth, despite having been here for decades. Many of these people were part of the Windrush Generation or their children, who were now in their 50s and 60s. This was a grave injustice for the people who had built their lives in Britain and hugely contributed to the development of it. Genevieve Bent WINDRUSH DAY 22nd June is Annual Windrush Day. This is to mark the arrival of the hundreds of West Indians to the UK aboard the Empire Windrush. Today, we will complete some activities, in anticipation of Windrush Day, on Monday. Genevieve Bent Windrush Task 1 Using the video to help you, imagine you was one of those embarking Empire Windrush, leaving for the UK. Create a piece, which describes your feelings and thoughts about leaving your home in the Caribbean, for the UK. You have complete freedom to be creative. Write a letter, make a short video or draw a picture. Send your final product to your tutor. Genevieve Bent Windrush Task 3 In 2017, it emerged the UK had wrongly detained and deported many Commonwealth citizens, back to their country of birth, despite having been here for decades. Many of these people were part of the Windrush Generation or their children, who were now in their 50s and 60s. After watching the video, create a piece, which depicts the ‘Windrush Scandal’ and summarises the way the victims and their families must have been feeling. Poem, article, artwork, video, it is up to you. Send your final product to your tutor. Genevieve Bent .
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