WHAT IS the RIGHT ROLE for YOUR SUPERVISORY BOARD? by Ulrich Pidun, Alexander Roos, and Sebastian Stange
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WHAT IS THE RIGHT ROLE FOR YOUR SUPERVISORY BOARD? By Ulrich Pidun, Alexander Roos, and Sebastian Stange he demands on supervisory boards their work in a number of very differ- Tare increasing.1 The COVID-19 ent ways. There is no single recipe for pandemic is just another item on the list success. of complex challenges that companies are facing, such as digital transformation, So, what role should the supervisory board climate change, protectionism, and play? Which board activities create the activist investors. Therefore, many most value? Which areas should the super- supervisory boards want to go beyond visory board prioritize? Where does it get monitoring—they want to actively shape more deeply involved and where does it change and adapt their role to the new give management plenty of rope? How circumstances. exactly should the board’s work be struc- tured? And which factors affect these At the same time, supervisory boards con- decisions? front a growing number of legal require- ments and best practices. It is more and To answer these questions, we statistically more difficult to meet these within the analyzed data from our survey of 120 time available. Supervisory boards there- German and Austrian supervisory boards. fore need to rethink their role in order to In practice, supervisory boards in two- focus on the right and most important tiered governance systems can choose tasks. from four roles, which differ greatly in their focus of activity: HR centric, strategic, Unfortunately, stock corporation law monitoring, and supporting. Each of the and Corporate Governance Codices offer four can be successful, but the role needs only minimum standards and thus pro- to be appropriate for the company’s indi- vide little guidance. Our discussions with vidual situation, and the supervisory successful supervisory board members board’s work needs to be tailored specifi- show that these boards can structure cally to the role. The Activities of the Supervisory involvement in strategic direction, 28% on Board Are Shifting advising in key business decisions, and Supervisory board work comprises 12 25% on monitoring strategy. They also activities in the areas of monitoring, want to put more focus on appointing the shaping, and advising. (See Exhibit 1.) executive board (26%) and monitoring Almost all supervisory boards that we risk (27%). surveyed focus their efforts—beyond the legal requirements—on monitoring. More than 90% concentrate strongly on Supervisory Boards Can Take monitoring strategy and risk as well as on Four Different Roles assessing progress toward financial targets. In addition to these general observations Given that this ex post monitoring is not and trends, our survey showed clear sufficient, supervisory boards also play a and systematic differences between strong role in shaping a company’s supervisory boards. This became apparent strategic direction and are particularly in our discussions with successful involved in transactions that require supervisory board chairs, who are all approval. convinced that their own unique way of leading the board is optimal. Using a In times of great change, as we are now cluster analysis of our extensive survey experiencing, it is not surprising that data (see “Methodology” at the end of the strategic tasks are becoming increasingly article for details), we identified four board important. Of the boards in our survey, roles: HR centric, strategic, monitoring, and 35% want to place greater emphasis on supporting. Exhibit 1 | The 12 Activities of German Supervisory Boards Actiities escrition Strategic monitoring • onitoring aret deeloents and coetitie osition • racing the success o strategic initiaties inancial monitoring • Defining the audit process and approving financial accounts • Tracking investments and financial measures Risk monitoring • onitoring the ris anageent syste • iscussing aor riss and necessary easures onitoring Evaluation o the executie board • Assessing target achieeent, coetency, and integrity • Defining management compensation Aointments to the executie board • eciding on the aointent or disissal o executie board ebers • Planning succession, rooting young talent Target setting or the executie board • Agreeing on targets ith the executie board • Defining the incentive and compensation system • Particiating in decisions on tie raes, assutions, and success etrics Shaing nolement in strategic direction • Aroing the overall strategy ecisions on transactions reuiring aroval • Defining the approval requirements • Aroing the budget, inestents, A, caital easures, and diidends Adice on ke business decisions • iscussing alternaties • Contributing experience and knowledge, questioning assumptions Proision o releant exertise • Providing specific content expertise • Suorting the ileentation o articularly releant issues Coaching o the executie board • Prooting the ersonal deeloent o executie board ebers Adising • Acting as ersonal sarring artners and adisors Offering support with their professional network • Reerring releant contacts • iscussing select toics ith third arties Sources: Discussions with German supervisory board members; BCG analysis. Boston Consulting Group | What Is the Right Role for Your Supervisory Board? 2 The four roles differ significantly in their To discuss HR topics, the employers’ side areas of focus. (See Exhibit 2.) Of all of HR-centric supervisory boards prealigns supervisory board members surveyed, 2.5 times more often than average before about a quarter have an HR-centric the full meeting. Naturally, HR-centric emphasis, a third play a strategic role, 40% boards also attach great importance to focus on monitoring activities, and one in good HR information. Supervisory board ten are assigned to a supporting role. As chairs tend to view themselves as the su- shown in the following descriptions, pervisor of management. This is reflected supervisory boards make design choices in in the setup of the board: the focus is on terms of structure, instruments, as well as formal, legally required activities, while working methods and culture, that are their industry expertise is below average. consistent with their role. (See Exhibit 3; an overview of the different design Strategic Supervisory Boards. A major dimensions can be found in Challenges of focus of these boards is to help shape the Supervisory Boards.) direction of the company by being actively involved in entrepreneurial decisions. HR-Centric Supervisory Boards. These These boards prioritize such strategic supervisory boards consider their core activities 8% more than the average. tasks to be appointing the executive “Strategy discussions should not be under- board members, setting their targets, and stood as control but as advisory,” explains evaluating them accordingly. HR-centric a supervisory board chair. Nevertheless, boards are 15% more involved in these these boards are also very active in strate- areas than the average. As the supervisory gic monitoring. They are more reticent board chair of a German blue-chip compa- about personnel activities, however. ny tells us: “The most important value lever of the supervisory board is choosing Successful strategic supervisory boards the management team. Supervisory boards have 6% higher competence scores and that have to get deeply involved in the 10% better information on strategically business have obviously done something relevant topics than the average. In order wrong.” to give the necessary attention to these Exhibit 2 | The Four Roles Focus on Different Activities R centric Strategic onitoring Suorting Actiities o the suerisory board Focus relative to average ppointments to the eecutive board +17% –7% Target setting for the eecutive board +12% Evaluation of the eecutive board +13% –12% nvolvement in strategic direction +8% –6% Strategic monitoring +9% –6% Advice on ey business decisions –8% +12% –7% +9% Decisions on transactions reuiring approval +7% inancial monitoring –10% +7% Ris monitoring +6% rovision of relevant epertise –8% +24% Offering support with their professional network –7% +22% Coaching of the eecutive board +25% Monitoring Shaping Advising Source: BCG Supervisory Board Study. Boston Consulting Group | What Is the Right Role for Your Supervisory Board? 3 Exhibit 3 | The Roles Involve Very Different Design Choices R TR STRATGIC +15% +10% +30% +22% +1 +25% More information More regular More operational More restrictions More More special topics on HR topics reports topics on the agenda of board membership committees on the agenda Design choices relative to the average TR SUPPRT +50% +22% +15% +10% +31% +18% More meetings without More ris and More use of Higher More discussions Open trusting the eecutive board compliance topics eternal information competencies to reach decisions and constructive ways of woring Source: BCG Supervisory Board Study. complex issues, this type of supervisory emphasizes the supervisory board chair of board relies more heavily on committees, a large, global conglomerate. by having on average one additional sub- committee and ensuring that all members The chair of the supervisory board is actively participate in them. Special topics accordingly perceived as a controller of are frequently on the agenda. The chair of management. Successful boards with a the supervisory board is perceived primar- monitoring focus meet about 50% more ily as a sparring partner for management often without the participation of manage- and ensures constructive cooperation be- ment and rely more on external, indepen- tween the supervisory