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Widely Distributed Breeding Populations of Canada Warbler (Cardellina Canadensis) Converge on Migration Through Central America A
Roberto-Charron et al. BMC Zoology (2020) 5:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-020-00056-4 BMC Zoology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Widely distributed breeding populations of Canada warbler (Cardellina canadensis) converge on migration through Central America A. Roberto-Charron1* , J. Kennedy2, L. Reitsma3, J. A. Tremblay4,5, R. Krikun6, K. A. Hobson7, J. Ibarzabal5 and K. C. Fraser1 Abstract Background: To effectively conserve migratory species, the entire range encompassed by their annual life cycle needs to be considered. Most research on Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds has focused on the breeding grounds resulting in a general lack of knowledge regarding the wintering and migratory periods. The Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) has declined by 71% from 1970 to 2012, at a rate of 2.9% per year, and is listed as Threatened in Canada. As with most Nearctic-Neotropical migrants, conservation efforts outside the breeding range are limited by a poor understanding of migration routes and the connectivity between specific breeding and wintering populations. Results: To determine migratory routes of multiple breeding populations of Canada Warblers, we directly-tracked individuals using light-level geolocators deployed at four sites across the breeding range, spanning approximately 43 degrees in longitude (Alberta, Manitoba and Québec, Canada, and New Hampshire, USA). Twenty-five geolocators with usable data were recovered from three sites and were analyzed using FlightR to determine fall migration routes (n = 18) and individual wintering sites (n = 25). Individuals from all breeding populations took a western fall migration route at the Gulf of Mexico; with 77.8% of birds funnelling into a narrow geographic space along the western side of the Gulf of Mexico (97°W-99°W). -
A Description of Mixed-Species Insectivorous Bird Flocks in Western Mexico’
The Condor 89~282-292 0 The Cooper Omithologml Society 1987 A DESCRIPTION OF MIXED-SPECIES INSECTIVOROUS BIRD FLOCKS IN WESTERN MEXICO’ RICHARD L. HUTTO Department of Zoology, Universityof Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 Abstract. Insectivorousbird flockswere observed in all typesof forestedhabitats during the nonbreedingseason in westernMexico. The speciescomposition of flockschanged markedlyand predictablyamong five categoriesof habitat type. The averagenumber of speciesper flockin lowlandhabitats was 4.7, while a mean of 18.6 speciesparticipated in highlandflocks, ranking the latter amongthe most species-richflocks in the world. The meanproportion of the localinsectivorous species that participatedin mixed-speciesflocks wassignificantly greater in the highlands(6 1.3%)than in the lowlands(24.6%). About half of the flock participantsin both undisturbedlowland and highlandhabitats were north temperatemigrants, ranking west Mexican flocks among the mostmigrant-rich in the world as well. In highlandflocks, the maximum numberof individualsper attendantspecies was generallytwo to three,but therewere often six to twelveindividuals belonging to eachof severalnuclear species. The lowlanddeciduous forest flocks seemed to lack nuclearspecies. Key words: Mixed-speciesflocks; insectivorousbirds; Mexico; migratory birds;pine-oak woodlands;tropical deciduous forests. INTRODUCTION mixed-speciesflocks in 26 sites(Appendix I) that Mixed-speciesinsectivorous bird flockshave been were distributed among various habitats described from temperate and tropical areas throughout western Mexico. The habitat types worldwide (Rand 1954), and are known to occur that I surveyed can be roughly classified (after in practically every habitat type (Powell 1985). Pesman 1962) as belonging to either lowland Although mixed-species flocks are quite com- (tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen) or mon in north temperate regions during the non- highland (oak, pine-oak, and boreal) forests. -
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brandan L. Gray August 2019 © 2019 Brandan L. Gray. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers by BRANDAN L. GRAY has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Donald B. Miles Professor of Biological Sciences Florenz Plassmann Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT GRAY, BRANDAN L., Ph.D., August 2019, Biological Sciences Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers Director of Dissertation: Donald B. Miles In a rapidly changing world, species are faced with habitat alteration, changing climate and weather patterns, changing community interactions, novel resources, novel dangers, and a host of other natural and anthropogenic challenges. Conservationists endeavor to understand how changing ecology will impact local populations and local communities so efforts and funds can be allocated to those taxa/ecosystems exhibiting the greatest need. Ecological morphological and functional morphological research form the foundation of our understanding of selection-driven morphological evolution. Studies which identify and describe ecomorphological or functional morphological relationships will improve our fundamental understanding of how taxa respond to ecological selective pressures and will improve our ability to identify and conserve those aspects of nature unable to cope with rapid change. The New World wood warblers (family Parulidae) exhibit extensive taxonomic, behavioral, ecological, and morphological variation. -
Canada Warbler (Cardellina Canadensis): Novel Molecular Markers and a Preliminary Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure
VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, ARTICLE 8 Ferrari, B. A., B. M. Shamblin, R. B. Chandler, H. R. Tumas, S. Hache, L. Reitsma, and C. J. Nairn. 2018. Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis): novel molecular markers and a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity and structure. Avian Conservation and Ecology 13(1):8. https://doi. org/10.5751/ACE-01176-130108 Copyright © 2018 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Short Communication Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis): novel molecular markers and a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity and structure Brittney A. Ferrari 1, Brian M. Shamblin 1, Richard B. Chandler 1, Hayley R. Tumas 1, Samuel Hache 2, Leonard Reitsma 3 and Campbell J. Nairn 1 1University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 2Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Yellowknife, NT, Canada, 3Plymouth State University, Biological Sciences ABSTRACT. The effects of predicted declines and potential loss of individual populations on species-level genetic diversity is unclear. A number of taxa, including the Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), share wide-ranging geographic distributions in North American boreal forests with trailing-edge populations extending into the southern Appalachian Mountains. Trailing-edge populations in the southern portion of a species’ ranges often harbor high levels of genetic diversity and unique genetic variants, and may be at risk of extinction from climate change. Climate change and other anthropogenic factors are causing declines in the Canada Warbler’s southern trailing-edge populations, and with no genetic studies to date, the effect on species-level genetic diversity is uncertain. Species- specific microsatellite markers for the Canada Warbler were developed and validated using samples from three populations, including a southern trailing-edge population, to investigate their utility for intraspecific population studies. -
Birding 11-2 06News&Notes-Wxtra:Layout 1
NEWS AND NOTES Why Reorganize Wood-warbler Taxonomy? by Paul Hess rby Lovette, first author of a major phylogenetic revision of The rest of Lovette’s message responds to particular ques- Ithe family Parulidae published in 2010 (Molecular Phyloge- tions he expects to hear about the new nomenclature: netics and Evolution 57:753–770), recognizes that changes in species’ classification and nomenclature may raise questions Why get rid of such well-established names? Lovette ex- and perhaps criticism about the authors’ proposed new plains that the universally accepted rules of scientific nomen- names for various genera. clature are fairly rigid. One principle is that earlier names In an effort to anticipate and respond, Lovette has e-mailed have priority over names given later—basically, the first valid a commentary to persons who raised questions about the name given to an organism, or to a group of organisms, has suggested changes in nomenclature. Lovette, an associate precedence. So when choosing a genus name for a particular professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Bi- group of species, the earliest available genus name is conven- ology at Cornell University, has provided Birding with a copy tionally given to any of those species. This is the approach of his responses written in September 2010. the authors adopted. The hypothetical DNA-based phylogeny is shown in the When naming sets of species that have never before been genealogical tree illustrated on p. 27-w3. It depicts placement placed together in a genus, Lovette notes that another ap- of wood-warblers into revised groupings based on what the proach is to make up a new genus name. -
Species Risk Assessment
Ecological Sustainability Analysis of the Kaibab National Forest: Species Diversity Report Ver. 1.2 Prepared by: Mikele Painter and Valerie Stein Foster Kaibab National Forest For: Kaibab National Forest Plan Revision Analysis 22 December 2008 SpeciesDiversity-Report-ver-1.2.doc 22 December 2008 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 PART I: Species Diversity.............................................................................................................. 1 Species List ................................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria .................................................................................................................................... 2 Assessment Sources................................................................................................................ 3 Screening Results.................................................................................................................... 4 Habitat Associations and Initial Species Groups........................................................................ 8 Species associated with ecosystem diversity characteristics of terrestrial vegetation or aquatic systems ...................................................................................................................... -
Distribution and Status of Breeding Birds in the Sky Islands of Northern Sonora, Mexico
Distribution and Status of Breeding Birds in the Sky Islands of Northern Sonora, Mexico 2011 Annual Report Prepared by: Aaron D. Flesch1, Carlos González Sánchez, and Richard L. Hutto Avian Science Center Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana 32 Campus Drive Missoula, MT 59812 Office: 406-243-6499 [email protected] Prepared for: Nancy Wilcox Chiricahua National Monument 12856 East Rhyolite Creek Rd Willcox, AZ 85643 520-366-5515 [email protected] Oak woodland in the Sierra San Antonio December 2011 INTRODUCTION The Madrean Sky Islands region includes more than 30 distinct mountain ranges located at the northern end of the Sierra Madre Occidental and is bisected by the U.S.-Mexico border (McLaughlin 1995, Warshall 1995). The Sky Islands support isolated stands of montane vegetation dominated by pines (Pinus sp.) and oaks (Quercus sp.) that arise from lowland “seas” of desert scrub and grassland (Heald 1993). The Sky Islands region occupies portions of a broad transition zone between the Neartic and Neotropical faunal realms and supports flora and fauna with affinities to the Madrean, Petran (Rocky Mountain), Chihuahuan, Sinaloan, and Sonoran biogeographic provinces. Despite high diversity, little information is available to guide management and conservation planning in the Sky Islands of Mexico because knowledge of plant and animal distribution and ecological factors that drive distribution and diversity are limited (White 1948, Marshall 1957, Lomolino et al. 1989, Flesch 2008). In 2008, the National Park Service sponsored researchers at University of Arizona (UA) and University of Montana (UM) to work in collaboration with Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) to describe bird communities and bird-habitat relationships throughout the Sky Islands region of northern Mexico. -
Recovery Strategy for the Canada Warbler (Cardellina Canadensis) in Canada
Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy for the Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) in Canada Canada Warbler 2016 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2016. Recovery Strategy for the Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. vii + 56 pp. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including COSEWIC Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the SAR Public Registry1 Cover illustration: Canada Warbler by Henry Skrzypkowski © Frontier Digital Arts Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de la Paruline du Canada (Cardellina canadensis) au Canada » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2016. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-660-04638-9 Catalogue no. En3-4/232-2016E-PDF Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. 1 http://registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=24F7211B-1 Recovery Strategy for the Canada Warbler 2016 PREFACE The federal, provincial, and territorial government signatories under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996)2 agreed to establish complementary legislation and programs that provide for effective protection of species at risk throughout Canada. Under the Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c.29) (SARA), the federal competent ministers are responsible for the preparation of recovery strategies for listed Extirpated, Endangered, and Threatened species and are required to report on progress within five years after the publication of the final document on the SAR Public Registry. -
Mouth Color of Nestling Passerines and Its Use in Taxonomy Millicent S
MOUTH COLOR OF NESTLING PASSERINES AND ITS USE IN TAXONOMY MILLICENT S. FICKEN OUTH color has received little attention as a taxonomic character al- M though tongue and palatal markings of nestlings have proved useful in determining relationships in the estrildines (Delacour, 1943; Steiner, 1960). I use the term mouth color in the restricted sense and exclude the flanges, mandibles, tongue, or associated structures which may also be brightly colored or patterned in nestlings. Recently Skutch (1954, 1960) has shown that mouth colors of nestling passerines are conservative, often delimiting families. How- ever, his descriptions of the mouth color of the young of certain Central American parulids (Skutch, 1954) differed from my observations on North American species. This led me to review the distribution of mouth colors in nestling passerines, to assess their function and the probable selective pres- sures affecting them, and finally to evaluate their use in taxonomy. Since relatively little published information on mouth colors is available, I hope that this brief survey will stimulate the acquisition of additional information. There are several problems encountered in comparing descriptions of mouth color by different workers. First, the exact age of the birds at the time of examination is not always stated, although this may be important because of changes which take place. For example, the mouths of newly hatched Tree Pipits (Anthus trivialis) are deep orange, turning crimson at 4 days (Tice- hurst, 1910). In many species the color of the nestling differs from that of the adult. A second problem is the lack of standardization of color terminol- ogy, and where specimens were used, this is further complicated because of the rapid fading which takes place after death. -
Birds of Southern Jalisco and Colima, Mexico
Birds of southern Jalisco and Colima, Mexico. *Species in bold are endemic or near-endemic to Mexico. Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Thicket Tinamou Crypturellus cinnamomeus Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Green Heron Butorides virescens Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Wood Duck Aix sponsa Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea Gadwall Anas strepera Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius American Wigeon Anas americana White Ibis Eudocimus albus Mallard Anas platyrhynchos White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi Blue-winged Teal Anas discors Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera Wood Stork Mycteria americana Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Northern Pintail Anas acuta Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Green-winged Teal Anas crecca King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa Canvasback Aythya valisineria Osprey Pandion haliaetus Redhead Aythya americana Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Bufflehead Bucephala albeola Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis Masked -
The Coues Check List of North American Birds
•' '.i ,f^^^-*r . \t ^ ^:" msBsaamsmsk Smithsonian Institution ibraries Alexander Wetmore 1946 Sixth Secretary 1953 .}ip p \ \^ '\ ^ - 6(. imU^^ /\ THE COUES CHECK LIST OF North American Birds. SECOND EDITION, iclc&i0£tJ to ©ate, anti mtirclg iSlctorittm, unticr ©irectian of t{)E ^utijor, WITH A DICTIONARY OF THE ETYMOLOGY, ORTHOGRAPHY, AND ORTHOEPY SCIENTIFIC NAMES, THE CONCORDANCE OF PREVIOUS LISTS, AND A CATALOGUE OF HIS ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS. OrVt^ ,5^'oft ftUG 1 6 1984 BOSTON: / ESTES AND LAURIAT. 1882. Copyright, 1882, By Estes and Lauriat, University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge. INTRODUCTION. In 1873, shortly after the publication of the author's " Key to North American Birds," appeared the original edition of this " Check List," which was almost imme- diately reissued in connection with the same writer's " Field Ornitholog}'," in 1874. That list reflected the classification and nomenclature of the "Key" with much exactitude, although it included, in an Appendix, a few species additional to those described in the " Key," and made some slight changes in the names. Excepting some little comment in foot-notes and in the Appendix, the original " Check List" was a bare catalogue of scientific and vernacular names, printed in thick tj'pe on one side of the paper. Meanwhile, the science of Ornithology has progressed, and our knowledge of North American birds has increased, both in extent and in precision, until the orig- inal list, faithful as it was at the time, fails now to answer the purpose of adequately reflecting the degree of perfection to which the subject has been brought. A new edition has therefore become necessary. -
News and Notes
NEWS AND NOTES by Paul Hess • Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania • [email protected] Bird’s DNA Reveals bled Murrelet. Divergence was greater from birds in other al - a First State Record cid genera: 10.1 % from Cepphus (guillemots), 11.5% from If morphology is inconclusive, and if vocalizations and be - Fratercula (puffins), and 11.8% from Synthliboramphus (other havior are not known, how might a first state record be estab - murrelets). The specimen also grouped closely with Long- lished? By DNA, for New Mexico’s first Long-billed Murrelet. billed Murrelet in a phylogenetic analysis designed to indicate The small alcid was discovered dead in a brine pool at a relative evolutionary relationships. potash mine in southern Eddy County on 12 July 2009, An intriguing possibility arises from the slight divergence preserved by salt in the water. A year later, Christopher C. from sequences in Long-billed Murrelets collected at the Sea of Witt, Matthew S. Graus, and Hira A. Walker reported ge - Okhotsk in the Russian Far East. Witt and his colleagues sug - netic evidence that established the identification and un - gest that this difference, along with the specimen’s anomalous covered an intriguing biogeographical possibility ( Western plumage and measurements, may reflect undescribed geo - Birds 41:160–167). graphic variation within the species. The bird was tentatively identified as a Long-billed Murrelet, Genetic analysis has produced a variety of outcomes in eval - but morphological characters were not entirely consistent with uations of potential first records. Sometimes it confirms other either a Long-billed or any other alcid , including Marbled factors in establishing an identification.