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Nance, Mantle UHI Thesis - pdf download summary The Adorable Trinity Old Columbia Seminary’s Stand for Trinitarianism in the Nineteenth-Century American South Nance, Mantle DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (AWARDED BY OU/ABERDEEN) Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: The University of Edinburgh Link URL to thesis in UHI Research Database General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author. Users may download and print one copy of any thesis from the UHI Research Database for the not-for-profit purpose of private study or research on the condition that: 1) The full text is not changed in any way 2) If citing, a bibliographic link is made to the metadata record on the the UHI Research Database 3) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 4) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that any data within this document represents a breach of copyright, confidence or data protection please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 “THE ADORABLE TRINITY” OLD COLUMBIA SEMINARY’S STAND FOR TRINITARIANISM IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN SOUTH Mantle Aaron Nance Bachelor of Arts in Religion, Furman University Master of Divinity, Reformed Theological Seminary Submitted to the University of Aberdeen in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 DECLARATION I, Mantle Aaron Nance, declare that I composed this dissertation, that it has not been accepted by any previous application for a degree, that the work is my own, and that all quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of information specifically acknowledged. Mantle Aaron Nance 15 December 2016 ii ABSTRACT Scholarship devoted to Old Columbia Seminary and its individual theologians has covered a variety of topics, but has not focused on the efforts of the Old Columbia divines to counteract Unitarianism and stand for historic Trinitarianism in the nineteenth-century American South. This dissertation asserts that understanding the debate between the Old Columbia Trinitarians over against the Unitarians is crucial for any adequate interpretation of nineteenth-century Southern religious history and that within that debate the Old Columbians successfully turned the tide against Unitarian advances. These conclusions are reached by examining the three main “theatres” of the conflict between Unitarianism and Trinitarianism in the nineteenth-century American South: the theatre of Columbia, South Carolina, where Columbia theologian James Henley Thornwell (1812–1862) laboured to reverse the Unitarian advancements made there by Thomas Cooper (1759–1839), the president of South Carolina College; the theatre of Charleston, South Carolina, where Columbia pastor-scholar Thomas Smyth (1808–1873) sought to repel the Unitarian movement led by Samuel Gilman (1791–1858), the minister of the Unitarian Church of Charleston; and the theatre of New Orleans, Louisiana, where Columbia divine Benjamin Morgan Palmer (1818–1902) attempted to counteract the Unitarianism popularized there by Theodore Clapp (1792–1866), the pastor of the Unitarian Church of New Orleans. The contemporary relevance of the Old Columbians’ efforts is also demonstrated. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION+.......................................................................................................................................+ii! ABSTRACT+..............................................................................................................................................+iii! TABLE&OF&CONTENTS+.........................................................................................................................+iv! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS+.....................................................................................................................+vii! ABBREVIATIONS+................................................................................................................................+viii! Chapter(One:(Introduction(and(Literature(Survey+....................................................................+1! Introduction:+The+Focus+of+the+Dissertation+............................................................................................+1! Secondary*Sources*Survey:*Studies*Involving*Old*Columbia*and*Its*Individual*Theologians+2! Holistic!Descriptions!of!Old!Columbia!Seminary!.................................................................................................!3! Studies!That!Note!the!Trinitarian!Emphasis!of!an!Individual!Columbia!Divine!....................................!6! Studies!That!Note!That!an!Individual!Columbia!Divine!Emphasised!the!Trinity!in!Response!to! Unitarian!Advancements!in!the!Southern!United!States!...........................................................................!13! Summary!of!Previous!Studies!....................................................................................................................................!25! Primary'Sources'Survey+..............................................................................................................................+26! The$Columbia$Theatre:$James$Henley$Thornwell$and$Thomas$Cooper!..................................................!26! The$Charleston$Theatre:$Thomas"Smyth"and"Samuel"Gilman!.....................................................................!29! The$New$Orleans$Theatre:$Benjamin$Morgan$Palmer$and$Theodore$Clapp!.........................................!30! Chapter(Two:(An(Overview(of(the(Unitarianism(of(the(NineteenthECentury(American( South&&&the&Trinitarianism&of&Old&Columbia&Seminary+.........................................................+34! Unitarianism+in+the+NineteenthECentury+American+South+..............................................................+34! The!Influences!and!Characteristics!of!Southern!Unitarianism!...................................................................!35! The!Aim!of!the!Unitarians!in!the!South!.................................................................................................................!39! The+Trinitarianism+of+the+Old+Columbians+...........................................................................................+40! The!Aim!of!the!Old!Columbians!................................................................................................................................!41! The!Influences!and!Characteristics!of!Old!Columbia’s!Trinitarianism!....................................................!42! Chapter(Three:(The(Columbia(Theatre:(Trinitarian(James(Henley(Thornwell(versus( Unitarian'Thomas'Cooper+...............................................................................................................+46! Introduction+....................................................................................................................................................+46! Thornwell’s+Early+Life+and+Exposure+to+Unitarianism+......................................................................+46! Thomas'Cooper’s'Unitarian'Encroachments+........................................................................................+50! Thornwell’s+Trinitarian+Counteroffensive+............................................................................................+64! Columbia)Seminary)Established)to)Counteract)Unitarian)Advances+...........................................+79! Thornwell’s+Theological+Emphases"Viewed"in"Light"of"His"Stand"for"Trinitarianism"against" Unitarian'Encroachments+.......................................................................................................................+87! Thornwell’s+Trinitarian+Epistemology!..................................................................................................................!88! Thornwell’s+Trinitarian+Hermeneutic!....................................................................................................................!95! Thornwell’s+Trinitarian+Soteriology!.......................................................................................................................!99! Thornwell’s!Doctrine!of!the!Trinity!As!the!Archetype!of!Human!Society!............................................!127! Summary+........................................................................................................................................................+131! Chapter(Four:(The(Charleston(Theatre:(Trinitarian(Thomas(Smyth(versus(Unitarian( Samuel"Gilman+.................................................................................................................................+134! Introduction+.................................................................................................................................................+134! iv Overview'of'Smyth’s'Life,'Ministry,'and!Relationship,to,Columbia,Seminary+.......................+134! Smyth’s+Encounters+with+Unitarianism+...............................................................................................+140!
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