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Comprehensive Management Plan of Tallinn Old Town 2014–2021

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Comprehensive Management Plan of Tallinn Old Town 2014–2021 Appendix to Regulation No. 22 of Tallinn City Council, 12 June 2014, “Comprehensive Management Plan of Tallinn Old Town 2014-2021”. Comprehensive Management Plan of Tallinn Old Town 2014–2021 View of Tallinn Old Town from the east. A. Olearius 1635 Tallinn 2014 2 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 4 1. UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE AND TALLINN OLD TOWN ............................................ 6 1.1. World Heritage Convention, criteria and the notion of Outstanding Universal Value ....... 6 1.2. Outstanding Universal Value of Tallinn Old Town and its attributes ................................ 7 1.3. The World Heritage site and its buffer zone ..................................................................... 13 2. PRESERVATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF TALLINN OLD TOWN AND ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL DOMAINS ............................................................................. 19 2.1. Legislation and institutions protecting the cultural heritage of Tallinn Old Town........... 19 2.2. Preserving the values of Old Town ................................................................................... 23 2.2.1. Rich layers of archaeological findings from 800 years of city history as well as from the preceding human settlements over a period of 5,000 years ................................................... 23 2.2.2. A mostly preserved circular town wall and its surrounding earthworks-green areas 27 2.2.3. A well-preserved variety of dwellings, public and sacred buildings with a strong medieval component. ............................................................................................................... 33 2.2.4. An unchanged fully preserved medieval network of streets...................................... 41 2.2.5. Traditional use as a living environment .................................................................... 43 2.2.5.1. Population .............................................................................................................. 43 2.2.5.1.1. Permanent population ......................................................................................... 44 2.2.5.2. Characterization of the living environment ........................................................... 48 2.2.5.3. Traffic schemes and parking .................................................................................. 55 2.2.5.4. Culture and leisure ................................................................................................. 56 2.2.5.5. Education ............................................................................................................... 58 2.2.5.6. Safety and social welfare ....................................................................................... 58 2.2.5.7. Business environment ............................................................................................ 59 2.2.5.8. Tourism .................................................................................................................. 61 2.3. Scientific research and availability of information ........................................................... 62 2.3.1. Scientific research...................................................................................................... 62 2.3.2. Availability of information ........................................................................................ 64 2.3.3. Use of the World Heritage Emblem .......................................................................... 65 2.4. SWOT analysis ................................................................................................................. 66 3. VISION OF TALLINN OLD TOWN 2021 AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 68 3.1. Vision ................................................................................................................................ 68 3.2. Performance indicators of the Comprehensive Management Plan ................................... 69 4. FINANCIAL PLAN AND ACTION PLAN FOR 2014-2018 ................................................ 69 5. RISKS CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN AND THEIR MANAGEMENT POSSIBILITIES ................................ 76 6. MONITORING OF THE COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN AND THE PROCEDURE OF MAKING AMENDMENTS ............................................................................. 77 7. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 77 International conventions and charters .................................................................................... 79 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 80 Appendix 1. Members of the workgroup involved in the compiling of the Comprehensive Management Plan of Tallinn Old Town .................................................................................. 80 Appendix 2. Project of the initial task of the Rules of Old Town ........................................... 80 3 Drawings Drawing 1. The buffer zone of Tallinn Old Town World Heritage Site and the view sectors. ....... 11 Drawing 2. Tallinn Old Town heritage protection area (corresponds to the territory of the UNESCO World Heritage Site). ...................................................................................................... 12 Drawing 3. The residential quarters and milieu valuable areas surrounding Old Town. ................ 15 Drawing 4. The absolute height of buildings in Old Town and the surrounding areas. .................. 18 Drawing 5. Institutions and organizations involved in heritage conservation. ............................... 21 Drawing 6. Single monuments and protected areas in Tallinn Old Town and its surroundings. .... 25 Drawing 7. The fortifications of Old Town. .................................................................................... 33 Drawing 8. The dynamics of the population of Old Town. ............................................................. 44 Drawing 9. Distribution of the population of Old Town ................................................................. 46 Drawing 10. The various uses of land within the Old Town Heritage Conservation Area. ............ 47 Drawing 11. Landowners of Old Town ........................................................................................... 49 Drawing 12. Location of the different types of institutions in Old Town. ...................................... 51 Drawing 13. Tallinn Old Town Heritage Conservation Area and its functional division ............... 54 Drawing 14. Three parking fare zones of central Tallinn and the inhabitants’ zones ..................... 55 4 SUMMARY Tallinn Old Town was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997. Tallinn Old Town derives its Outstanding Universal Value mainly from its rich layers of archaeological findings, well-preserved historical buildings and street network, mostly preserved fortifications, and traditional use as a living environment. The central and permeating goal of the Comprehensive Management Plan is to preserve the Outstanding Universal Value of Tallinn Old Town and to pass the cultural heritage on to future generations. With this goal in view, the Comprehensive Management Plan describes in closer detail the most important cultural heritage attributes of Old Town and provides an evaluation of their authenticity and integrity. The Plan includes an analysis of the legal, economic and administrative means applied to protect the value of Old Town, and of the necessity to improve those means. Various possible threats to the preservation of cultural heritage are also discussed as well as the aims and actions planned to maintain the unique attributes of Tallinn Old Town. Old Town as the historic city centre of Tallinn has come down to us as a unique combination of the material heritage and the intangible heritage of the past. In addition to being an authentic architectural heritage site, the significant value of Old Town lies also in its functioning as a living environment. While the heritage conservation standards that apply in preserving the material environment can be regarded as comparatively stable, the necessities of the living environment are constantly changing. Consequently, the Comprehensive Management Plan focuses on maintaining the living community of Tallinn Old Town and achieving a balance between the living, business, working and visiting environments. Compared to the currently valid Development Plan of Tallinn Old Town, the Comprehensive Management Plan provides a more exact definition of the OUV of Tallinn Old Town and its protection mechanisms. That was made possible by the active involvement of the local community in the drafting process and by the advice and technical support received from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. INTRODUCTION Estonia signed the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1995. In doing that the Republic of Estonia assumed the obligation to identify, protect, preserve, popularize and pass on to future generations the cultural and
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