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BRIERFIELD
Coal mining begins in Little Marsden, later known as Brier eld, around 1790. In 1796 the Leeds and Liverpool canal The Nelson Leader reports that The tram service between Nelson and The open market in the grounds Thomas Veevers, owner of Lob Lane Bernard Calvert, bass guitarist and 140 evacuees from the south are The Briar Ballroom opens. Richard Dalby, headmaster of On Christmas Day an explosion 30 sheep at Chamber Hill Farm are Bent Head playing elds open. Weaving nishes at Richard Street Mill. The 77 Club cabaret opens. Brier eld’s new £34,000 library opens. The Beatles play the The rst Asian-run shop in Coalpit Road is renamed Glen Way Hollin Bank Mill is hit by a The Briar Ballroom closes down. Allen & Edith Greenwood, Brier eld’s The Richard Street Mill site is now used Magician Robert Atkinson escapes Spinning ends at Jewel Mill. Industries in Brier eld include UK local authorities are reorganised; The Imperial Ballroom burns down. The rst Asian-run takeaway in Jewel Mill (built 1780) and Higher The rst section of the M65, connecting Two res, one of which is found The rave scene starts. Brier eld community centre opens. Wisebuys closes down. Bodies in Motion opens in a former Pendle View Shed site is cleared Veevers's Mill (aka Lob Lane Mill) Elevate (the East Lancashire part of the Richard Street Mill is demolished Planning permission is granted Veevers' Mill is badly damaged Following the compulsory purchase of Work starts on the Lob Lane The combined population of Brier eld Library sees a doubling New mosque opens on Carlton Street. is built through the area and in 1803 the Brier eld section of the Blackburn and Addingham Turnpike Road Brier eld resident Mrs W. Smith has Burnley ceases operating. of Brier eld Town Hall closes. Mill, dies. keyboard player with The Hollies, billeted in Brier eld. Walter Street School, shoots himself destroys the engine room of killed by a dog. The buildings are used for Imperial Ballroom, Nelson. Brier eld opens. by Smith & Nephew 20-ton runaway crane. last clog makers, announce closure. for the manufacture of concrete garden from a German police cell. light engineering, furniture Pendle Council is created and Brier eld opens. Chamber Hill Farm (built 1667 and Burnley to Brier eld, opens. to be arson, gut the remaining grocer’s shop. for housing. closes down when occupants Housing Market Renewal Scheme) after a re. for Marsden Heights Community in an arson attack. properties and land on sites o housing development. Brier eld and Reedley is 10,153. of visitor numbers following a It has cost £3.5m; the money has been Brier eld’s Robert Atkinson becomes Lob Lane Shed ceases weaving. Mosque opens on Prince Street, (now Colne Road) is completed. In 1821, the population of Little Marsden is 2,052. won £156 in a crossword competition. is born in Brier eld. rather than facing criminal proceedings Brier eld Gasworks. The ames shoot rearing chickens. furniture and plastics. manufacture, the production of Brier eld ceases to be an urban Brier eld’s oldest building) are warehouse at Pendle View Shed. Trojan Products move out. begins, with a fteen-year plan to College to be built on Bent Head Clitheroe Road, King Street and Holden The population is 60% white, 38% £500,000 refurbishment. raised locally and nationally. The population of Brier eld is 7,251. In the week that war is declared, the youngest member of the Brier eld resident Ruby Hindle Livingstone Street Co-op The Skipton to Manchester railway paid for by £600 raised by the Brier eld’s Mohammed Afzal Khan Miller Regeneration is selected as As part of its Spending Review, the for possible child abuse. 50 feet into the air and the explosion is 96-year-old Arthur Crabtree surgical products, pharmaceuticals and district. demolished to make way for the M65. The buildings fall into decline. refurbish and rebuild selected areas in playing eld. The College opens Road for the Brier eld Canal Corridor Asian, 2% other. In 1868, Brier eld becomes a legal township; Brier eld Local Board holds its rst meeting in the Greyhound Inn, Brier eld residents Mr & Mrs Smith The Stump trough is removed from International Brotherhood Calvert appears on ITV’s ‘Take Your Pick’. grocery shop closes. line, which passes through Brier eld, Pakistani community. The Millennium Peace Garden is becomes Lord Mayor of Manchester. ‘the preferred developer’ for the Government announces the end of Councillors give the go-ahead It is announced that Brier eld signal box, heard in Nelson, Burnley and Colne. plans his 6th wedding. hairdressing preparations, welders, an attempt to stimulate demand later the same year. project, the demolition of 100 homes under the chairmanship of Robert Tunstill. In 1901 Tunstill House becomes Brier eld Urban District Council's new Town Hall. celebrate their golden wedding. Burnley Road. It had stood outside the of Magicians. closes; the last train runs at 8:59pm Brier eld Town Hall closes. created by local residents after the Brier eld Canal Corridor, Pendle’s the Housing Market Renewal scheme; The conversion of Lob Lane Mill for a block of ve premises on installed in 1876, will be closed in The only fatality is the gasworks cat. Bird Trap Northern Soul nights take smiths and millwrights, body work for housing. begins. The canalside development is There is a market in the grounds, which goes on to have over sixty stalls. By 1911, the population of the town is 8,200. Greyhound Hotel until the pub was on 1 February. death of 21-year-old Shabaz Arshad rst major housing project under the many houses in East Lancashire and into the Quaker Heights housing Railway Street to be demolished December 2013 as part of Network Rail's Church ministers protest against the place on Walter Street specialists and cellulose sprayers. planned to feature 85 new homes. demolished in 1909. in gang violence in 2000. Elevate Housing Market Renewal other areas are left boarded up. development by PEARL2 is completed. and the area landscaped. modernisation programme and replaced Brier eld is known as Holy City, on account of the number of places of worship: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Wesleyan, Primitive 77 Club’s Sunday strip bingo sessions. initiative. Long-term projects left without by an automated level crossing. and Independent Methodist, Congregationalist and Pentecostal churches and a Quaker meeting house. The combined population of Joyce and Frank Rowland, who funding include the Brier eld Brier eld and Reedley is 8,199. Pendle Council makes Compulsory ran the Livingstone Street Chippy Pendle council su ers a 17% cut in Over 5% of the male population of Brier eld and Reedley – around 200 men - are killed in the First World War; the rst fatality is Canal Corridor. Purchase Orders on the two in the 1970s, celebrate their government funding. Private James Sellers, who drowns when the hospital ship Rohilla founders o Whitby. Brier eld Canal Corridor housing sites. diamond wedding anniversary. The planned Brier eld Canal Corridor
BRIERFIELD MILLS homes remain unbuilt.
In 1833 Henry Tunstill builds Tunstill House on Brier eld Pasture and founds Brier eld Mills, which houses both spinning and weaving and opens in 1834. The closure of Brier eld Mills is Smith & Nephew buys Brier eld Mills. Smith & Nephew ends spinning at In January, Smith & Nephew After being bought by Montagu BSN Medical stops production at The disaster relief charity Islamic Help The Charities Commission blocks Pendle Council buys the Brier eld In 1844 Tunstill adds a shed for 100 power looms, although the mill continues to employ handloom weavers as well. announced. 360 people lose their jobs. The company completely Brier eld Mills and make further announces redundancies of 10% Private Equity for 1.03 billion euros, Brier eld Mills, moving production buys Brier eld Mills for just over Islamic Help’s plans to open a boarding Mills complex with a grant of £1.5m In 1848 Tunstill's petitioning for a railway pays o with the opening of Marsden Station (renamed Brier eld Station in 1857) next to the mill. renovates and modernises the mill, investment in the weaving section. of the workforce at Brier eld Mills. BSN Medical announces it will be to Germany and Mexico. The mill £1 million and announces school in Brier eld Mills, as it is not from the government's Homes and increasing the number of power reducing the work done at Brier eld closes down. Communities Agency. The buildings He dies in 1854; the business is carried on by his sons Robert and William under the name Tunstill Bros. In August, Smith & Nephew plans to convert the mill into an Islamic within Islamic Help’s charitable objects. looms to 660 and replacing steam Mills and moving production abroad. are then transferred to PEARL2, The south part of Middle Mill is built in 1868. The original factory is destroyed by re in1872 and replaced by the north part of Middle Mill in 1873. invests £800,000 in 14 boarding school for up to 5,000 girls. power with electric driving. a joint venture between Pendle Council In the same year, the Tunstills buy the site of Brier eld Colliery (Low Pit) and by 1879 South Shed and a single storey weaving shed have been built. state-of-the-art gauze-weaving and property developers Barn eld The mill now has 92,000 mule spindles and 2,235 looms, and by 1881 employs 1,500 people. Production restarts with a workforce machines for Brier eld Mills; the The Tunstills sell the gasworks to the corporation in 1888. In 1890 Robert Tunstill dies and the Tunstill family moves out of Tunstill House. Investment Properties. of 800. machines are capable of producing William Tunstill dies in 1903 and John William Dyson, who started as o ce boy, becomes Managing Director. 7.5 million metres of fabric per year. In 1904 the company is renamed Brier eld Mills Ltd. The Tunstill family connection with Brier eld Mills ends in 1919 with the resignation of Harry Tunstill from the company. SMITH & NEPHEW
In 1856 Thomas James Smith opens a small pharmacy in Hull. Smith & Nephew is incorporated Smith & Nephew acquires Hollin Smith & Nephew has 1,600 The Smith & Nephew health care Smith & Nephew is listed on Smith & Nephew forms a joint Smith & Nephew is named Smith & Nephew is headquartered On his death in 1896, his nephew Horatio Nelson Smith takes over the management of the business. and listed on the London Bank MIll. employees working on a three-shift operation moves from Hollin Bank the New York Stock Exchange. venture manufacturing facility with Manufacturer of the Year by in London and operates in over 30 Stock Exchange. system spinning, weaving and to Brier eld Mill. Beiersdorf AG called BSN Medical. The Manufacturer magazine. countries. The company has over making up surgical dressings. Brier eld Mills now operates 1,000 products, with worldwide sales Hollin Bank Mill closes; it is later Fabric woven at the mill is sent as BSN Medical. of over $3.3 billion; its revenues have converted into the Pendle Village to Smith & Nephew’s sister companies nearly doubled since 2007. (Junction 12) shopping outlet. Smith & Nephew becomes to be made into products such a member of the FTSE-100, as Elastoplast. meaning that it is included in the top 100 companies traded on the London Stock Exchange measured in terms of market capitalisation.
INDIA & PAKISTAN
The British presence in India is initially established by the East India Company, which has its own army and eet of ships. Mahatma Gandhi resigns from The Government of India Act Gandhi rejoins the Indian National The Indian National Congress wins The viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. leader of the The Indian National Congress launches Gandhi is released from prison. In The Muslim League has 500,000 By the end of the War, 24,000 Indian New elections are called in India. Nationalist leaders in India agree Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by a The new Indian constitution makes Pakistan becomes an Islamic republic. General Ayub Khan takes power in Construction of the Mangla Dam, Jawarhalal Nehru dies. Nehru’s daughter Indira Gandhi (no Construction of the Mangla Dam Pakistan holds its rst democratic The Pakistan Air Force attacks Indian Civilian rule in Pakistan is resumed. Zul kar Ali Bhutto become Prime India conducts its rst nuclear test. Military coup in Pakistan. Zul kar Ali General Zia-ul-Haq becomes president Zul kar Ali Bhutto is executed. Indira Gandhi is assassinated by two General Zia dies in a plane crash. Nawaz Sharif becomes Prime Minister Indian tests ve nuclear weapons. A short military con ict, known as the Manmohan Singh, a Sikh, becomes Kashmir earthquake kills around 75,000. Benazir Bhutto returns from exile and General Musharraf is threatened with Unusually intense monsoon rains lead Pakistan is now the sixth most The Pakistan Muslim League wins By 1850 the East India Company rules most of India, Burma, Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong; a fth of the world's population Congress party membership, out of authorises the establishment of Congress party. Although he wants victories in eight of the eleven declares war on India's behalf without Muslim League, repeatedly warns that the "Quit India" movement, demanding September, Gandhi meets Jinnah members in Bengal, 200,000 in soldiers have been killed, 64,000 In September, a Congress-led to partition the country along religious Hindu extremist who holds him India a secular and democratic state Pakistan in a military coup. on the Jhelum River in Pakistan, relation to Mahatma Gandhi) nishes; Pakistan's irrigation elections since independence but the military bases, sparking the Minister of Pakistan. Bhutto is found guilty of authorising of Pakistan. of her Sikh bodyguards after she orders Benazir Bhutto becomes the rst of Pakistan. Pakistan test six nuclear weapons later Kargil War, is fought between India and India's rst non-Hindu Prime Minister. is assassinated while campaigning for impeachment and resigns the to catastrophic oods in Pakistan. populated country in the world with a majority in the general election. is under its trading in uence. In1858, the British Crown takes over the Company’s Indian possessions, commencing the British Raj. independent legislative assemblies the party to focus on winning provinces where elections are held, consulting Indian leaders, leading the Muslims will be unfairly treated in the British withdraw immediately but Jinnah rejects his proposal of the Punjab, and hundreds of wounded and 12,000 are missing. interim government is installed, lines. Muhammad Ali Jinnah is the rst responsible for partition, despite the with a Hindu majority, a large Muslim begins. Over 280 villages, becomes Prime Minister of India. system is now no longer fully army refuses to hand over power and Indo-Pakistani War, which ends with the murder of a political opponent. the Indian military to storm the Golden female Prime Minister of Pakistan. the same month. Pakistan in Kashmir. re-election in Pakistan. Pakistani presidency. Approximately one- fth of the 180.1 million residents, compared Nawaz Sharif becomes Prime concern that his popularity is The Boxing Day Tsunami kills an The budget of the Raj is paid for by taxes on Indian farmland and salt. Indian cotton is exported to England for weaving, in all provinces of British India, the independence from Britain, he taking Raj o cials by surprise. Congress provincial ministries to resign an independent India dominated from India or face nationwide civil right of Muslim provinces to opt out thousands elsewhere. with Jawaharlal Nehru as united Governor General of Pakistan; fact that he vehemently opposed it. minority, and numerous other as well as the towns of Mirpur dependent on unregulated launches a military operation in East the formal secession of East Pakistan Temple, the holiest Sikh shrine, where country's total land area is underwater with 32.5 million when the country Minister again. sti ing the various other di erent The British o er India limited Subsequently, General Pervez estimated 18,000 Indians and displaces Pratibha Patil become India's rst and nished goods are sold back to India. By 1875, imports of British cotton goods cover 75% of the Indian market. creation of a central government does not restrain the Congress from in protest. The Muslim League, in by the Congress Party. disobedience. Mahatma Gandhi and of substantial parts of the forthcoming Muhammad Ali Jinnah is now well India's Prime Minister. Jawaharlal Nehru is the rst Over two million people join the religious minorities including Sikhs and Dadyal, are to be submerged ows of the Indus and its Pakistan after civil unrest in the area. as the independent state of Sikh militants had started to and around 2,000 people die. was founded in 1947. voices within the party's membership. autonomy within the British Empire. Musharraf takes power in Pakistan in around 650,000. Around 227,000 female president. incorporating both the British adopting socialism as its goal. contrast, supports Britain in the The Muslim League passes the the entire Congress Working political union and continues to positioned to negotiate with the British Later that year, the Labour Prime Minister of post-partition India. ve-mile long funeral procession. and Christians. and over 100,000 people displaced major tributaries. Bangladesh. The new state is a accumulate weapons. After her The Indian National Congress party is founded in 1885 by Indian and British members of the Theosophical Society. The All-India Congress rejects the a coup d'état. people are killed in total, mainly in provinces and the princely states, war e ort. "Lahore Resolution", demanding Committee are arrested in Bombay demand a fully independent Pakistan. from a position of power. government in Britain decides Around twelve million people seek from the area. Some of those secular multiparty democracy. assassination, early 3,000 Sikhs are proposition and demands that Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. 1.2 million Indian soldiers ght in the First World War, and 74,191 are killed. After the war, India is a founding member and the protection of Muslim that "the areas in which the Muslims by the British. to end British rule in India. safety by eeing across the new borders. a ected by the dam are given killed in sectarian violence and Over two million Indians volunteer Britain leaves India immediately. Zul kar Ali Bhutto becomes president of the League of Nations, the precursor to the United Nations. minorities. are numerically in majority...should Between 250,000 and 500,000 people work permits for Britain; the millions are displaced. for military service in the British of Pakistan. be grouped to constitute die in sectarian violence; the e orts of Pakistani community in Brier eld By 1922 the British Empire holds sway over about 458 million people, one- fth of the global population at the time, Army. They play a major role in independent states in which the Gandhi and his followers reduce the originates from this area. and covers almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. numerous campaigns, especially in constituent units shall be violence in some areas. the Middle East and North Africa. UK & WORLD autonomous and sovereign."
Industrialisation has radically changed society, bringing enormous gains in productivity and huge After over 25 years of union World War II starts. End of World War II. The Bank of England becomes wholly The British railway and canal systems The National Health Service is founded. In the UK, there are 2.5 million cars on Food rationing ends in the UK. The level of carbon dioxide in the In the UK, there are 6 million cars on Colour television broadcasting starts. 1968 is the only year since 1945 The USA successfully lands two The UK voting age is lowered from 21 The UK school leaving age is increased UK unemployment averages over 3% Britain joins the European Economic Conservative government is elected. British Telecom is privatised. ‘Big Bang’ deregulation of City British Airways is privatised. UK Regional Water Authorities are British Rail is privatised. Labour government elected. 1998 is the world’s third warmest 9/11 terrorist attacks on United States. Start of Housing Market Renewal US-led coalition invades Iraq. 2004 is the world’s ninth warmest 2005 is the world’s second warmest 2006 is the world’s sixth warmest 2007 is the world’s eighth warmest Deregulation of the nancial sector 2009 is the world’s seventh warmest 2010 is the world’s warmest year In Tunisia, the self-immolation of 2012 is the world’s tenth warmest The concentration of carbon dioxide social changes as people move from the country to the city in search of work. campaigning, The Holidays With Pay Labour government is elected state-owned after the government buys are nationalised. the road. 5% of households own atmosphere is 315 parts per million. the road. 37% of households own that the UK hasn’t been involved in astronauts on the Moon. to 18. to 16. for the rst time since the war. Community, the forerunner of the Margaret Thatcher becomes of London. The privatisations of BP and British privatised. Tony Blair becomes Prime Minister. year since records began. US-led coalition invades Afghanistan. Scheme in various areas, including year since records began. year since records began. year since records began. year since records began. and excessive risky lending by year since records began. since records began. Mohamed Bouazizi sparks protests year since records began. in the atmosphere hits 400 parts per 2003 is the world’s fourth warmest Working patterns change - workers such as weavers no longer have control over their time. Act gives UK workers the right to in the UK and pledges to implement out its private shareholders. a refrigerator and 11% own a a refrigerator and 52% own a a military con ict. European Union. Prime Minister. Aerospace are completed. East Lancashire; the scheme is meant nancial institutions lead to a series against high unemployment, lack of million for the rst time since the The school leaving age is raised to 15. British Gas is privatised. Fall of Communist regimes in Eastern year since records began. 56 people die in terrorist bombings There are 19.6 million cars on the In the UK, 96% of households now Syria descends into civil war. Before industrialisation, according to Friedrich Engels, “...the weaver was usually in a position one week’s paid holiday per year. the reforms to the health, social washing machine. washing machine. to increase house prices in areas of high pro le bankruptcies and a political freedoms, corruption and poor mid-Pliocene, over two million years The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan. Europe. The Berlin Wall is dismantled in London. road in the UK. own a washing machine, 77% own to lay by something, and rent a little piece of land, that he cultivated in his leisure hours, security and education systems Unemployment peaks at 14.1%, the su ering from “market failure”. Many global nancial crisis. living conditions. The government London hosts the 2012 Olympics. ago, when horses and camels lived in by Germans on both sides. a computer and 92% have a of which he had as many as he chose to take, since he could weave whenever and as long as he pleased.” proposed by the wartime coalition highest level since the end of the home-owners are forced to move out collapses and there is a wave of similar the high Arctic and sea levels were The UK government bails out British microwave oven. government. These reforms form the Second World War. of sound houses, which are then protests in other Arab countries. at least 30 feet higher. By 1830, mechanised cotton spinning powered by steam or water has increased the output of a worker by about 1,000. banks with £1.2 trillion of taxpayers’ basis of the British welfare state. replaced with more expensive ones. A Conservative government is elected The power loom has increased the output of a worker by over 40. money. Along with many other Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and implements savage spending The cotton gin increases the speed of removing seed from cotton by 50. 2002 is the world’s fth warmest countries, the UK goes into recession. resigns and, in Libya, Colonel Gadda is cuts. The UK recovery is halted and the The gains in productivity in the spinning of cotton are greater than those in linen and wool. year since records began. overthrown. country goes back into recession.