World History - Final Exam Review 2013/14

World History - Final Exam Review 2013/14 1. Ancient people who had a hunter gatherer way of life were nomads. What might have caused this to be the case? 2. Innovations like the production of gunpowder, tea, and silk are usually attributed to which civilization?

3. This structure served as a burial tomb for the pharaohs of ancient Egypt… 4. What do Judaism, Islam and Christianity have in common? 5. Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics were early forms of what? 6. What did ancient people who lived along the Nile and Euphrates rivers have to contend with every year? 7. What is Hammurabi, Justinian, Moses are all famous for developing a ______? 8. Which type of government is in power due to the “consent of the governed”? 9. A government in which all citizens have a direct influence in determining laws and government policy is a 10. The name of the Athenian leader who ruled during the so-called “Golden Age” 11. Legacies left by the Ancient Athenians 12. Which philosopher most influenced Alexander the Great? 13. The Pax Romana was a(n): 14. The republican form of government used in Rome is best described as: 15. Plebeians in Rome were members of the: 16. These people were often forced to fight in the Coliseum because of their beliefs: 17. The Roman fighting unit was called: 18. Developed by the ancient Romans, pipes or channels that transported water from a remote source and delivered 19. The Emperor Augustus’ greatest accomplishment may be considered the: 20. What were the factors in the fall of Rome? 21. The development of England as a nation-state occurred because of increasing

22. The social class that performed nearly all the labor during the Middle Ages were referred to as: 23. When a pope forcefully removes someone from the church it is called: 24. The holy book within Islam: 25. The prophet within the religion of Islam: 26. The Code of honor followed by knights was called: 27. This included the Lord’s house and all the surrounding farmland: 28. This animal was one of the major carriers of the Plague: 29. Under the system of feudalism, what was a fief? 30. Which form of government sometimes had a ruler who claimed divine right? 31. Which form of government was ruled by all citizens? 32. The family of languages that developed from Latin are called ______languages 33. The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages in Europe can best be described as: 34. Martin Luther was famous for this document that outlined many issues he wanted to see changed in the Church 35. Where did the Renaissance begin? 36. The artistic technique developed during the Renaissance that made flat paintings have a 3D effect was known as: 37. Martin Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice? 38. In what way(s) did Leonardo da Vinci represent the “Renaissance Man”? 39. What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? 40. The Renaissance and the Reformation both caused people to value

41. The intellectual ideas of Renaissance thinkers spread throughout Europe largely as a result of the

42. Many people were leaving the Catholic Church to follow the ideas of men like Martin Luther and John Calvin. The Council of Trent was set up to help renovate the Catholic Church’s organization. One of the outcomes of the Council of Trent was establishing seminaries to train the priests. In addition, the Council of Trent prohibited the selling of church offices and also forced bishops to live in the region they were in charge of. Also the Jesuits, or Society of Jesus, was quite spirited in supporting the Counter Reformation. The Counter Reformation was the response of the Catholic Church to the ______43. What was the importance of Gutenberg’s inventing the printing press?

44. What major impact did the Protestant Reformation have on the Catholic Church?

45. Why was it difficult, if not impossible, for European powers to sail far out into the ocean prior to the 15 th Century? 46. The influence of African culture on many areas of North and South America was largely a result of the 47. One similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers from the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment was that they: 48. What were Europeans' main motives for making voyages of exploration? 49. Which nation did Prince Henry help to take the lead in overseas exploration? 50. What nations were leaders in exploration? 51. Who proposed the idea that there were natural laws like gravity that governed the physical world? 52. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer famous for sailing around the Cape of Good Hope and reaching India in 1498. Da Gama’s voyage motivated Portugal to send more expeditions to India, setting up colonies on the region’s coast. The purpose of these colonies was to help Portugal dominate the spice trade, but they also created interaction between Portuguese colonists and Indian natives. Many of the colonists married natives, starting new families in India. What made India significant to European colonists?

53. Who is credited with the development of the scientific method?

54. Which was the major result of the scientific revolution? 55. What caused the decline in Native American populations?

56. Name the three most advanced Native American populations of Mexico, Central America and South American 57. How was the European economy was impacted by the Columbian Exchange?

58. Which event led to greater interest in Medieval Europe in trade of cloth and spices with the Middle East and China?

59. Which Enlightenment thinker believed the best government was one in which it is divided into 3 branches? 60. Who wrote that the 3 most important civil rights were life, liberty, and property? 61. Who borrowed that idea and changed Property to The Pursuit of Happiness?

When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. excerpt from The Spirit of the Laws by Charles de Montesquieu 62. Montesquieu's statement aligns with which democratic principle of government?

63. Who was mostly responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence? 64. Who men contradicted the ideas of self government? 65. What concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support? 66. Which document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"? 67. Which of the following was an important goal of the Congress of Vienna? 68. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution? 69. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?

70. In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution? 71. Private ownership, profit motive and competition best describe which economy? 72. What was the impact of the Agricultural Revolution? 73. The Industrial Revolution began in which of the following countries?

74. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to: 75. After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily because the Europeans were 76. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution? 77. What event in Sarajevo ignited the Great War (WWI) ? 78. World War I was a "total war" in the sense that 79. What impact did Russia's involvement in World War I have on the Russian government? 80. The purpose of propaganda during World War I was to 81. What were three reasons the United States entered World War I? 82. What did the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare refer to? 83. How did the Treaty of Versailles affect postwar Germany?

84. What was the American public's opinion about joining the League of Nations? 85. What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war? 86. Two significant treaties were signed near, or at the end of WW 1. The Treaty of Versailles and the Brest- Litovsk treaty (among other things) created several new countries after implementation. List the newly created nation-states as a result of these treaties. 87. In March 1936, Hitler violated the Versailles Treaty and moved troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. Despite the weakness of the German army, the former Allies did nothing. Why? 88. Why did the Nazi programs and policies of the early 1930’s appealed to many people in Germany? 89. What was the Nazi’s “Final Solution”? 90. Why did President Harry Truman decide to use atomic bombs against Japan? 91. What is the primary reason the United States became involved in World War II? 92. The "Holocaust" occurred during World War II. The term "Holocaust" refers to

93. Why people did support the creation of the United Nations in 1945?

94. Why was the Allied invasion of France on D-Day (June 6, 1944) significant?

95. What was containment? 96. The main reason the United Nations sent troops to Korea in 1950 was to 97. Which era ended with the reunification of Germany and the collapse of the Soviet Bloc?

98. What describes most Eastern European countries immediately after World War II? 99. What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine and the North American Treaty Organization (NATO)? 100. Why was the United Nations was created? 101. During the Cold War Era (1945-1991), the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because

102. How has technology helped to create a global culture? 103. The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is symbolic of the 104. What were the Perestroika and glasnost programs in Russia 105. Who is the alleged terrorist organization behind the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center?