Chapter 21 Practice Test

CHAPTER 21 PRACTICE TEST 6. Who is most likely to have made the following statement: "It is true that trees are for human use. But there are aesthetic uses as MULTIPLE CHOICE well as commercial uses—uses for the spiritual wealth of us all, as well as for the material wealth of some." 1. How would you compare progressivism with earlier reform movements? a. Gifford Pinchot b. a California lumber company executive a. Because progressivism sprang from the American reform c. a conservationist tradition, its assumptions and goals were identical to those d. Richard Ballinger of earlier movements. b. Unlike earlier reformers, progressives thought of government as a major ally. 7. The Wobblies c. Progressive reformers were much more individualistic than a. advised blacks to concentrate on economic advancement earlier reformers had been. through vocational education and, for the time being, accept d. Progressivism focused on solving racial problems more than the South's Jim Crow laws. economic problems. b. were a conservative, craft-based union. c. preached revolution, the class struggle, and the abolition of 2. Which of the following correctly ranks the sources of foreign the wage system. immigration to the United States during the first two decades of the d. were insurgent Republicans who supported Theodore twentieth century? Roosevelt’s 1912 presidential bid. a. China, southern and eastern Europe, Japan b. southern and eastern Europe, China, Japan 8. What did the writings of Thorstein Veblen, Charles and Mary c. Japan, China, southern and eastern Europe Beard, William James, and Herbert Croly have in common? d. southern and eastern Europe, Japan, China a. They formed the intellectual and ideological foundations of Social Darwinism. 3. Why did the number of professional organizations, and the b. They were the most prominent examples of the intellectual membership in them, increase markedly during the first two assault on progressivism that began around 1920. decades of the twentieth century? c. They implicitly supported the need for far-reaching reforms of American society. a. The middle class viewed such organizations as the best way d. They were misread by progressives to mean that socialism to impress the old aristocratic families. was the nation's only hope of social reform. b. Such organizations provided a sense of professional identity for the white-collar middle class. c. Such organizations helped to provide the middle class with 9. According to John Dewey, schools should an entrée into local political organizations. a. teach self-reliance, hard work, and honesty. d. Many professions were on the decline and formed b. serve as the handmaidens of industry by teaching subjects organizations to protect themselves. that were most needed by the business world. c. become the instruments of reform by embracing the new 4. Jim Crow laws were ethic of social interdependence. d. preserve the role of the teacher as the unquestioned a. a method of imposing strict segregation on, for example, authority. streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries. b. declared in the Danbury Hatters case to be unconstitutional. 10. What legal philosophy was Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., c. laws instituted by many northern municipalities in the early propounding when he said, "The life of the law has not been logic; twentieth century in an effort to ensure honest and effective it has been experience"? government. a. In a world that was basically irrational, only legal principles d. federal laws outlawing discrimination in public were completely logical. accommodations. b. American law was becoming based too much on the whims of judges, and it had to return to its foundations in ancient 5. By 1900, what was the general attitude of most employers toward court cases. work-related accidents and illnesses? c. The English laws that had been laid down in the time of Henry IV were the epitome of logic and rightfully the basis a. Few employers accepted any responsibility for the frequent of American jurisprudence. accidents and illnesses. d. Law has to evolve as society changes and cannot rely b. Most employers had begun to provide generous vacations exclusively on sacred legal principles and ancient and retirement benefits. precedents. c. Most had been convinced by progressive reformers that each 11. The term "muckrakers" referred to employer had to take care of his or her own employees and help them prepare for a healthy retirement. a. procurers involved in the white slave trade. d. Few were prepared to deal with the problem themselves, but b. journalists and writers who exposed political corruption and most had become convinced that the federal government corporate wrongdoing. should institute a workers' compensation program. c. opponents of Woodrow Wilson. d. capitalists who sought new locations for new business opportunities. 12. What was the fundamental difference between the temperance 17. Which of the following was not one of the causes for the growing movement in the Progressive Era and the temperance crusades of split in the Republican party during the administration of William earlier eras? Howard Taft? a. Progressive reformers had greater faith in human nature and a. Taft's abandonment of the fight for tariff reduction therefore believed that temperance could be achieved if b. Taft's refusal to pursue further antitrust cases individual drunkards abandoned their alcoholic ways. c. Taft's support of Uncle Joe Cannon b. Temperance in the Progressive Era was a purely secular d. Taft's support for the Mann-Elkins Act movement because Protestant ministers refused to have anything to do with typical progressive leaders. 18. Which of the candidates in the 1912 presidential election c. The progressive movement focused on legal abolition of advocated the most far-reaching changes for American society? alcohol rather than the persuasion of individual drunkards to "take the pledge." a. Theodore Roosevelt d. Progressive Era temperance work stayed on a state and local b. Woodrow Wilson level and avoided the national political arena. c. William Howard Taft d. Eugene Debs 13. Why did many progressives advocate restricting immigration to the United States? 19. The Federal Reserve Act, signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, provided for a a. They believed that the typical recent immigrant was a hairy, low-browed, big-faced person of obviously low mentality. a. decentralized system that was under both public and private b. They believed that urban planners had to be given time to control. clear the slums and redesign the boulevards so that b. decentralized system that was completely in private hands immigrants would see America at its best. but was regulated by the government. c. They believed that it was cruel to allow immigrants to come c. largely centralized system that was completely under to America if they were going to have to work in unhealthy government control. factories. d. decentralized system of private state banks that operated d. They believed that until the U.S. economy had been without federal regulation. reformed, it could never expand rapidly enough to incorporate waves of immigrants. 20. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the impact of Progressive Era reforms in the battle against drugs? 14. Which of the following statements most accurately compares the strategies of Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul? a. Under the Hague Treaty of 1912, the Bayer drug company agreed to cease marketing heroin commercially. a. Paul opposed woman suffrage, arguing that women already b. Local, state, and federal laws strictly regulated heroin, had vast behind-the-scenes influence; Catt led the struggle morphine, cocaine, and other addictive substances. for woman suffrage. c. The opium dens frequented by Chinese immigrants were b. They both favored woman suffrage, but Paul advocated strictly regulated by the federal government. direct pressure on the federal government for a d. Consistent with their emphasis on increased personal constitutional amendment, while Catt's strategy included freedoms, drug laws were liberalized and many drugs that lobbying legislators on a state-by-state basis. were formerly illegal were decriminalized. c. Catt opposed woman suffrage, arguing that women already had vast behind-the-scenes influence; Paul led the struggle for woman suffrage. SHORT ANSWER d. They both favored woman suffrage, and they both agreed on a militant two-pronged strategy that included simultaneous 1. Explain the ways in which the populist and the progressive lobbying of both state and federal legislators. movement were similar. In what ways were they different?

15. The Hepburn act of 1906 2. Compare and contrast Theodore Roosevelt’s New Nationalist platform with Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom. a. strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act by raising penalties and increasing the regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission. b. reversed the breakup of the Standard Oil Company. c. made it a federal crime to transport a woman across a state line "for immoral purposes." d. instituted strict regulation of the meatpacking industry.

16. Which of the following is associated with the passage in 1906 of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act? e. The History of the Standard Oil Company f. The Jungle g. The Shame of the Cities h. The Octopus