The Rise Of Totalitarian Dictatorships

The Rise of Totalitarian Dictatorships I. THE RISE OF TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS A. The Impact of World War I 1. After WWI, many nations were struggling to ______2. A global ______in the 1930s led to high unemployment and a sense of ______in Europe 3. The Treaty of Versailles created ______among many nations B. In this climate of post-war uncertainty, ______increased; more and more, citizens turned to strong totalitarian dictators to rule their nations 1. ______leaders are ______who control all aspects of government and the lives of the citizens 2. Totalitarian leaders gained support by promising jobs, promoting ______and using propaganda 3. Dictators held on to their power by using censorship, ______, denying ______, and eliminating opposing rivals or political parties II. TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS A. Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union 1. Among the first totalitarian dictators was Joseph Stalin of the ______2. Stalin was ______and seized all property, farms, and factories in order to ______the economy and create equality 3. He used a secret police and the ______to eliminate rivals 4. Stalin’s Five Year Plans and collective farms ______the Soviet Union’s industrial and agricultural output, but at a great ______in Russian lives B. Benito Mussolini in Italy 1. Fascism a. Not all totalitarian dictators were Communists b. In Italy, Germany, and Spain, people turned to an ______type of government called fascism i. ______governments were controlled by dictators who demanded ______from citizens ii. Fascists did not offer ______and used one political party to rule the nation c. Fascism vs. Communism i. Unlike Communists, fascists believed people could keep their ______ii. Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler believed in fascism: the idea that nations need ______, total authority by one party, but that people can keep private property (as long as they remain loyal) iii. Joseph Stalin was a Communist who believed government should control all ______and ______2. In Italy, ______formed the Fascist Party a. Mussolini gained popularity by promising to revive the economy, rebuild the ______, and expand Italy to create a new ______b. Mussolini named his Fascist Party after the ______, a Roman symbol of authority and power c. Mussolini created the ______(his own private army) to enforce the goals of his Fascist Party 3. By 1922, Mussolini was popular and powerful enough to lead a “______”, forcing the Italian king to name him prime minister of Italy 4. As prime minister, Benito Mussolini was known as “IL DUCE” (the chief) a. Mussolini ended ______and all opposition parties b. Mussolini built up the military to create new ______c. He planned to ______new territories in North Africa for Italy, creating a new Roman Empire C. Adolf Hitler in Germany 1. The Nazis were a ______group in Germany that wanted to ______the weak Weimar Republic 2. ______was an early Nazi recruit and quickly rose to power in the party 3. Hitler was ______by Mussolini and used many of his ideas to make the Nazi Party strong in Germany a. The Nazis created their own militia called the ______b. The Nazis attempted a ______of the local government in Munich, but Hitler was ______and jailed for 9 months 4. While in jail, Hitler wrote ______(My Struggle) which outlined his plans for Germany a. Hitler wrote that Germans were members of a ______called ______and all non-Aryans were inferior subhumans b. Hitler also declared that Germans needed ______(living space) and should get it by ______Eastern Europe and Russia c. He called the Versailles Treaty an outrage and vowed to ______land taken from Germany after World War I 5. When Hitler was released from jail in 1924, he spent years ______the Nazis into Germany’s most ______political party 6. In 1933, Hitler was named ______(prime minister) of Germany a. As chancellor, Hitler used his power to name himself ______b. He called his government the ______(3rd German empire) to promote pride and nationalism c. Hitler put Germans to work by building ______, highways, ______, and increasing the ______d. He created a new private army called the _____ (Schutzstaffel, or “protective squad”) and a secret police called the ______to eliminate rivals and ______all aspects of Germany 7. Attacks on Jews a. In 1935, Hitler began a series of ______-______(anti-Jewish) laws called the ______that deprived Jews in Germany of the rights of citizens, forbade mixed German-Jewish marriages, and required Jews to always wear a ______b. In 1938, Hitler ordered Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”), an organized series of ______on ______, their synagogues, and their businesses D. Hideki Tojo in Japan 1. After WWI, Japan was the ______nation in Asia and was ready to ______new lands in Asia and the Pacific to provide resources for Japanese industry 2. Emperor Hirohito gave full control of the Japanese military to ______, who served as a military dictator

E. Aggression Leads To War: in the 1930s, Japan, Italy, and Germany began aggressively ______into new territories; these actions led to ______in 1939 1. Italy invaded ______and Albania 2. Japan invaded Manchuria and northern ______, then invaded Indochina and the East Indies 3. Germany ______(claimed) Austria and Czechoslovakia