Suggested Learning and Teaching Activities

Lesson 4 Forensic Dentistry Suggested Learning and Teaching Activities

Learning Outcome: Students shall be able to  state the relationship between dentitions and diets of animals;  design an experiment to identify and compare the features of teeth bite marks;  evaluate the significance of type I and type II errors in forensic science.

Pre-lesson Reading (Forensic Dentistry)

Lesson Flow Teacher Notes Teaching Resources (Activities Guides, Remarks, Explanation, Conclusion, etc.) Activity 4.1  Pair work: Give each S an apple  WS 4.1 Making a bite and ask them to make a bite on it.  20 washed apples mark They compare the bite marks with  PPT 4 (1-3) (5 mins) their partner and complete WS 4.1.

 Ask Ss to write their answers on board for checking.

 Remarks: It is a brainstorming exercise to draw their attention to some key features of bite marks. [Engagement] Activity 4.2  Give an introduction of dentition  WS 4.2 Dentitions of and dental formula of human  PPT 4 (4-10) Humans and adults (May also show the model  Model of human Animals of human dentition). dentition (10 mins)  Models showing  Ask Ss to do calculation on WS dentition of a 4.2 [Exploration] carnivore and a herbivore  Mention that dentition of an animal reflects its diet, and therefore dentitions of different

1 animals (carnivores and herbivores) vary greatly. Ask Ss to work out dental formula of different animals on WS 4.2 (May show the models of animal dentitions). [Exploration] Activity 4.3  Describe the key features of  WS 4.3 Which one is dentition of a wolf and a sheep  PPT 4 (11-12) an omnivore? and introduce the concept of an  Model showing (15 mins) herbivore and carnivore. dentition of a carnivore, a herbivore  Ask Ss to work on Activity 4.3 to and an omnivore predict the dentition of an omnivore. Ask Ss to give their answers and explanations. [Explanation and Elaboration] Activity 4.4  Ask Ss to work on Activity 4.4 to  WS 4.4 Animal attack extend their knowledge of animal  PPT 4 (13-15) (10 mins) dentitions to animal bites. Ss give reasonable prediction and explanation [Explanation and Elaboration]

 Give a brief conclusion on key learning points of activities 4.1 – 4.4. Activity 4.5-  Brief the case study.  WS 4.5 Part I  PPT 4 (16 - 18) Who is the  Deliver the bite samples of  Samples: Sandwiches murderer? murderer and suspects for S with ham, cucumber (40 mins) inspection. other kinds of food, preferably not to be  Ask Ss to plan the experiment. wet. Cucumber and ham are very good  The bitten samples have mixed choices because its ingredients and Ss have to use texture can fix the their judgment and scientific mind shape of teeth bites.

2 to determinate ‘what’ and ‘how’ to  T may ask Ss to help measure for a fair comparison. preparing the murder samples and suspect  Ss need to seek approval from samples for another teachers before trying out their group during the tests. planning time.  Apparatus:  Finally, Ss present their results transparencies, markers and conclusion. of different bore sizes (at least 5 colours), a  Time allocation: planning-15 ruler, scissors, grid mins, test: 20 mins, conclusion: 15 papers, contractors mins [Exploration & Explanation]

 Ss submit their reports before next lesson; delivers sample report and gives the answers afterwards. [Evaluation] Activity 4.5-  Ss work on Follow-up question 1  WS 4.5 Part II to demonstrate their understanding  PPT 4 (19-25) Follow-up of previous chapters and to further questions stretch their investigative mind. (10 mins) [Evaluation]

 Introduce the concept of type I and type II error and ask Ss to work on Follow-up question 2 which requires them to exercise their analytical power and explore the meanings and values of fairness and justice. [Exploration and explanation]

 Ss submit their answers for activities 4.5 before next lesson [Evaluation]

3  Extension and Further reading Describe how computers can be use to produce teeth bite images and to carry out metric analysis for comparison of bite marks

 Conclude Lesson 4 Follow-up  Extended Reading  References Activities

Remarks: Ss stands for “Students”.

Activity 4.5

Preparation of Murder Sample and Suspect Samples

Steps for making Murderer Sample 1. Put a piece of ham and two pieces of cucumber between two pieces of bread with edges removed. 2. The ‘murderer’ makes a deep bite on the sandwich so that bite marks will be left on all the ingredients. Label the sample as ‘MURDERER’.

Steps for making Suspect Samples 1. Prepare another set of sandwiches. Several suspects make deep bites on the 4 sides of the sandwiches (Refer to the photo “04” of Snapshots). Make sure that the bite marks will be left on all ingredients. 2. Label the sample as ‘A’, ‘B’, “C” and “D”, etc.

References

Forensic dentistry

4 1. http://www.forensicdentistryonline.org/forensichomepage.htm 2. http://www.forensic.to/webhome/bitemarks/

Dentition 3. http://www.toothclub.gov.hk/en/en_adu_01_01_03.html 4. http://www.bouldercolorado.gov/files/openspace/pdf_education/skullduggery.pdf 5. http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/nutrition/human-digestive- system.php 6. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/anatomical_images/dog_s kull/dog_outside_lwr.jpg 7. http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.172 8. http://anukp.wordpress.com/2007/01/01/maxillary-central-incisor/ 9. http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.172.289 10. http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/online/index.cfm?P=7535 11. http://www.afcd.gov.hk/textonly/english/conservation/con_fau/con_fau_mon/con _fau_mon_pro/con_fau_mon_pro.html

Bite Mark Analysis & Case Study 12. http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration-8040583-sandwich-bite.php 13. www.stockvault.net/download_file2.php?pid=13994 14. http://www.fancydressstore.ie/CUuploads/Shop/items/864/1524_pirate_mask.jpg

The Capture of Ted Bundy Expert Forensic Testimony Wins the Most Famous Bite Marks Case 15. http://crime-scene- processing.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_capture_of_ted_bundy

The Most Famous Bite Mark Case of the Twentieth Century 16. http://www.forensic.to/webhome/bite marks1/

Disputed Bite Mark Evidence 17. http://crime-scene- processing.suite101.com/article.cfm/disputed_bite_mark_evidence

‘C.S.I. Effect’ Evidence From Bite Marks, It Turns Out, Is Not So Elementary 18. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28santos.html?_r=1

Digital Analysis of Bite Mark Evidence

5 19. http://www.forensic.to/webhome/bitemarks/#CreatingComputerGeneratedExemp larsofSuspectDentition

Follow-up Activities Extended Reading: 1. Computer Aided Analysis of Bite Mark http://www.forensic.to/webhome/bitemarks/#CreatingComputerGeneratedExemplarso fSuspectDentition 2. The Most Famous Bite mark Case of the Twentieth Century http://www.forensic.to/webhome/bitemarks1/ http://crime-scene-processing.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_capture_of_ted_bundy