Fall 2000 Be Sure to Put Your Name

Biology 2107/03 Name Fall 2000 Be sure to put your name First Examination on the mark-sense sheet as well Version A

Directions:

 Be sure to put your name on the mark-sense sheet and on the exam booklet. Both must be turned in at the end of the period.  Indicate the correct version letter of your exam in the upper right corner of the mark-sense sheet in the box marked “KEY ID.”  Each questions has only one correct answer. When a group of choices is used for more that one question, a choice may be used more than once.  You may write in the exam booklet, but only the mark-sense sheet will be graded. No other paper, scratch paper, etc., may be used.  Students must turn in the exam before leaving the room for any reason. A student may not continue working on the exam after having left the room.

Multiple Choice. 50 questions, 2 pt each.

1. In the hierarchy of structural organization in living systems, a tissue

(a) is a collection of distinctively different types of cells that work cooperatively to accomplish a specific task. (b) is a collection of very similar (or identical cells) cells that have differentiated for a specific purpose. (c) is a collection of membrane-bound structures that collectively form the structure of a cell. (d) is a collection of monomer units that are linked to form a single covalently-bound molecule. (e) can refer to any level of structural organization that has a defined function or purpose.

2. In the hierarchy of structural organization in living systems, an organ

(a) is a collection of distinctively different types of cells that work cooperatively to accomplish a specific task. (b) is a collection of very similar (or identical cells) cells that have differentiated for a specific purpose. (c) is a collection of membrane-bound structures that collectively form the structure of a cell. (d) is a collection of monomer units that are linked to form a single covalently-bound molecule. (e) can refer to any level of structural organization that has a defined function or purpose.

3. The structural boundary that defines the “outside” of all cell types is the

(a) cell wall (d) cytoperiphery (b) outer limits (e) plasma membrane (c) basal lamella

*********************************************************************** ***** The following choices are used for questions 4 – 6.

(a) reproduction (d) evolution (b) genetic encoding (e) regulated transport (c) metabolism

4. This is the best term to describe the processes by which cells assimilate energy and raw materials from their environment.

5. This is the best term to describe changes in living organisms that result in increased ability to survive and increased diversity of species.

6. This is the best term to describe the mechanism in which the information for protein structure is contained in the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule.

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The following information pertains to questions 7 – 9.

In an experiment, a botanist wishes to examine the effect of a new fertilizer on the growth of tomato seedlings. She has two groups of plants growing in flowerpots: one group in which the fertilizer has been added to the potting soil, and a second group in which fertilizer has not been added. All other conditions, such as soil moisture, temperature, amount of light, etc., are identical for both groups of plants. Each day, the botanist measures the heights of the plants.

7. Which of the following represents the independent variable of this experiment?

(a) Soil moisture (b) Amount of Light (c) Presence or Absence of Fertilizer (d) Plant Height (e) More than one of the above

8. Which of the following represents the dependent variable of this experiment?

9. Which of the following represents the controlled variable of this experiment?

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The following choices are used for questions 10 - 14.

(a) Protons (b) Electrons (c) Neutrons (d) More than one of the above (e) None of the above

10. This structure is found in important biological monomers, such as glucose.

11. Consider these two isotopes of oxygen, oxygen-16 and oxygen-18. An atom of oxygen-16 differs from an atom of oxygen-18 in the numbers of these particles.

12. The atomic number of an atom is defined as the number of this type of particle.

13. The mass number of an atom is defined as the number of neutrons plus the number of this type of particle.

14. Interactions between two different atoms are mediated primarily by this type of particle (specifically, those particles in the “valence shells” of the atoms).

************************************************************************ The following choices are used for questions 15 - 22.

(a) Ionic bonding (b) Covalent bonding (c) Polar Interactions (d) Hydrophobic Interactions

15. This is the best term to describe the interaction between two water molecules in a glass of water.

16. This is the best term to describe the interactions between sodium and chloride ions in a salt crystal.

17. This term refers to the “sharing” of electrons between two atoms.

18. In an aqueous solution or suspension, this type of interaction is typically the strongest and most stable.

19. This is the best term to describe a peptide bond.

20. This is the best term to describe a glycosidic bond.

21. Hydrogen bonding, such as the type found in the secondary structures of proteins, is a specialized form of this bonding.

22. This is the best term to describe the interactions between oil molecules that have floated to the top of an oil-water mixture.

*********************************************************************** **** 23. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Carbon and silicon are both capable of forming four covalent bonds per atom. (b) Silicon is much less abundant on earth than carbon is. (c) Both carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are highly soluble in water. (d) Silicon-silicon bonds are much more stable than silicon-oxygen bonds. (e) More than one of the above.

24. A substance with a pH greater than seven

(a) is acidic, and has a greater [H+] than a neutral substance. (b) is basic (alkaline), and has a greater [H+] than a neutral substance. (c) is acidic, and has a lower [H+] than a neutral substance. (d) is basic (alkaline), and has a lower [H+] than a neutral substance. (e) None of the above are true.

25. Which of the following best describes the structure of a water molecule?

(a) A central oxygen bonded to two hydrogens, with all three atoms in a straight line. (b) A central hydrogen bonded to another hydrogen and to an oxygen, with all three atoms in a straight line. (c) A central oxygen bonded to two hydrogens, with an angle of about 110 between the two hydrogens. (d) A central hydrogen bonded to another hydrogen and to an oxygen, with an angle of about 110 between the second hydrogen and the oxygen.

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The following choices are used for questions 26 - 31.

(a) Hydrolysis Reaction (b) Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction (c) Hydrophilic (d) Hydrophobic (e) Heat Capacity

26. This is the best term to describe the joining of two monomers to form a dimer.

27. This is the best term to describe the breakdown of peptidoglycan by lysozyme.

28. This is the best term to describe the formation of a triglyceride from a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.

29. This is the best term to describe how a triglyceride would behave if you mixed it with water.

30. This is the best term to describe why, when you go to the beach in early spring, the water may be still very cold even though the air temperature is much warmer.

31. This is the best term to describe the formation of a peptide bond.

*********************************************************************** ******** The following choices are used for questions 32 - 36.

(a) monosaccharide (b) disaccharide (c) polysaccharide (d) more than one of the above (e) none of the above

32. This is a carbohydrate.

33. Large amounts of –OH groups are typically found in the molecules of this type of substance.

34. Cellulose and peptidoglycan are examples of this type of substance.

35. Lysozyme and hemoglobin are examples of this type of substance.

36. A molecule of this substance will be classified according to the number of carbons it contains: triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, etc.

*********************************************************************** *** 37. Which of the following is a common feature of lipids?

(a) All lipids have glycerol in their structures. (b) All lipids have fatty acids in their structures. (c) All lipids have hydrophobic regions in their structures. (d) No lipids have hydrophilic regions in their structures. (e) More than one of the above is true.

38. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Fatty acids with a greater degree of saturation have fewer C=C double bonds and form glycerides have higher melting points. (b) Fatty acids with a greater degree of saturation have more C=C double bonds and form glycerides have higher melting points. (c) Fatty acids with a greater degree of saturation have fewer C=C double bonds and form glycerides have lower melting points. (d) Fatty acids with a greater degree of saturation have more C=C double bonds and form glycerides have lower melting points.

*********************************************************************** ***** The following choices are used for questions 39 through 42.

(a) primary structure of protein (b) secondary structure of protein (c) tertiary structure of protein (d) quaternary structure of protein

39. The formation of an ionic bond between two amino acids in the same polypeptide chain, one at one end of the chain and one at the other end of the chain, is an example of this level of structure.

40. The formation of an ionic bond between two amino acids in different polypeptide chains (for example, between the different subunits of the protein hemoglobin) is an example of this level of structure.

41. Alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of this level of structure.

42. This level of structure is the amino acid sequence of a protein.

*********************************************************************** ******* The following choices are used for questions 43 - 45.

(a) This is a property of prokaryotic cells. (b) This is a property of eukaryotic cells. (c) This could be a property of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

43. Extensive internal membrane systems, including complex organelles having double membranes.

44. Plasma membranes containing folds that carry out metabolic processes of respiration and photosynthesis.

45. A single chromosome, found in a “nucleoid” region, that directs the synthesis of the cell’s RNA.

********************************************************************** The following choices are used for questions 46 – 50.

(a) nucleus (b) mitochondrion (c) chloroplast (d) endoplasmic reticulum (e) Golgi apparatus

46. The inner membrane of this organelle contains folds known as cristae.

47. Proteins destined for secretion are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the membrane of this organelle.

48. This organelle is the site of cellular respiration (the process by which oxygen is used to conserve metabolic energy in the form of ATP).

49. Most of the inside of this organelle is filled with chromatin.

50. Lysosomes are membrane-bond packets, filled with hydrolytic enzymes, that are formed by this organelle.