Review Sheet for test on DNA and Protein Synthesis Gifted Bio
Study all notes and workbook sections.
1. In the search for the genetic material, why was protein thought to be the genetic material?
______
2. The purpose of DNA is to code for ______and ______.
3. Match the scientists below to their contribution about DNA as the genetic material:
Griffith, Avery, Hershey, Chase, Chargaff, Watson, Crick, Wilkins, Franklin, Meselsohn,, Stahl
______two people that figured out the DNA structure using models
______found out that pneumonia bacteria could be transformed by some substance
______these two people used radioactive isotopes and bacteriophage viruses to prove that DNA was the genetic material
______these two people explained the semiconservative replication of DNA
______this person proved that the transforming principle in the pneumonia experiment was DNA
______These two people used X-ray crystallography to prove DNA was a helix
4. DNA structure: Label the N bases, sugars, phosphates, H bonds. Fill in the base pairs.
5. Dna is made of units called ______How many nucleotides are in the above DNA? ______
6. The shape of DNA is a ______
Type of bonding that holds nucleotides together ______
7. Replication of DNA: DNA splits in the ______. The enzyme ______helps to split the DNA. The enzyme DNA ______adds new nucleotides.
8. Three differences in DNA and RNA:
DNA RNA
9. What are three types of RNA? ______
10. Two parts of Protein Synthesis, define, and give where each occurs: 11. Codons are triplets of ______that code for amino acids. Anticodons are triplets of ______that recognize amino acids to be picked up by tRNA.
12. If this DNA molecule pictures in number 5 was undergoing transcription (DNA to mRNA), what would be the mRNA strand that would be copied from the LEFT side of the DNA molecule?
______
13. Using the following mRNA strand, give the chain of amino acids that would result. Use the genetic code chart.
ACC GCA UAA AAA GGC
14. Using the above mRNA strand, make a point mutation below. Circle the mutation.
15. Using the above mRNA strand, make a frame-shift mutation below. Circle the mutation.
16. Give two diseases caused by point ______and frame shift mutation. ______
17. mRNA is edited in eukaryotic cells. The pieces that are removed are called ______and the pieces that are spliced together are called ______.
18. Gene expression is controlled mainly at the level of ______.. In prokaryotes several genes can be controlled at one time in units called ______but in eukaryotes, each gene has its own ______.
19. The ______is a promoter located in a eukaryotic chromosome used to promote gene expression.
20. Mutations can either change or not change phenotypes. Label the examples below as to whether they would change or not change phenotypes. a. ______a mutation that caused a premature STOP codon. b. ______a mutation in the 3rd nucleotide triplet coding for the leucine (leu) amino acid. c. ______a mutation resulting in a loss of an amino acid. d. ______a mutation that causes the substitution of an amino acid with chemical properties similar to the one being changed.