<p>Review Sheet for test on DNA and Protein Synthesis Gifted Bio</p><p>Study all notes and workbook sections.</p><p>1. In the search for the genetic material, why was protein thought to be the genetic material?</p><p>______</p><p>2. The purpose of DNA is to code for ______and ______.</p><p>3. Match the scientists below to their contribution about DNA as the genetic material:</p><p>Griffith, Avery, Hershey, Chase, Chargaff, Watson, Crick, Wilkins, Franklin, Meselsohn,, Stahl</p><p>______two people that figured out the DNA structure using models</p><p>______found out that pneumonia bacteria could be transformed by some substance</p><p>______these two people used radioactive isotopes and bacteriophage viruses to prove that DNA was the genetic material</p><p>______these two people explained the semiconservative replication of DNA</p><p>______this person proved that the transforming principle in the pneumonia experiment was DNA</p><p>______These two people used X-ray crystallography to prove DNA was a helix</p><p>4. DNA structure: Label the N bases, sugars, phosphates, H bonds. Fill in the base pairs.</p><p>5. Dna is made of units called ______How many nucleotides are in the above DNA? ______</p><p>6. The shape of DNA is a ______</p><p>Type of bonding that holds nucleotides together ______</p><p>7. Replication of DNA: DNA splits in the ______. The enzyme ______helps to split the DNA. The enzyme DNA ______adds new nucleotides.</p><p>8. Three differences in DNA and RNA:</p><p>DNA RNA</p><p>9. What are three types of RNA? ______</p><p>10. Two parts of Protein Synthesis, define, and give where each occurs: 11. Codons are triplets of ______that code for amino acids. Anticodons are triplets of ______that recognize amino acids to be picked up by tRNA.</p><p>12. If this DNA molecule pictures in number 5 was undergoing transcription (DNA to mRNA), what would be the mRNA strand that would be copied from the LEFT side of the DNA molecule?</p><p>______</p><p>13. Using the following mRNA strand, give the chain of amino acids that would result. Use the genetic code chart.</p><p>ACC GCA UAA AAA GGC</p><p>14. Using the above mRNA strand, make a point mutation below. Circle the mutation.</p><p>15. Using the above mRNA strand, make a frame-shift mutation below. Circle the mutation.</p><p>16. Give two diseases caused by point ______and frame shift mutation. ______</p><p>17. mRNA is edited in eukaryotic cells. The pieces that are removed are called ______and the pieces that are spliced together are called ______.</p><p>18. Gene expression is controlled mainly at the level of ______.. In prokaryotes several genes can be controlled at one time in units called ______but in eukaryotes, each gene has its own ______.</p><p>19. The ______is a promoter located in a eukaryotic chromosome used to promote gene expression.</p><p>20. Mutations can either change or not change phenotypes. Label the examples below as to whether they would change or not change phenotypes. a. ______a mutation that caused a premature STOP codon. b. ______a mutation in the 3rd nucleotide triplet coding for the leucine (leu) amino acid. c. ______a mutation resulting in a loss of an amino acid. d. ______a mutation that causes the substitution of an amino acid with chemical properties similar to the one being changed. </p>