Final Exam Outline
Chapter1 Sections (1.2 – 1.5) Static Calibration Static sensitivity Measurement Accuracy Bias and precision errors Elementary Instrument Errors Hysteresis Linearity Sensitivity Zero shift Repeatability
Chapter 2 Sections (2.2 – 2.5 up to page 59) Continuous and Digital Signals Signal Wave Forms Impulse Step Sinusoidal Square wave Continuous Signal Analysis Mean value RMS value Periodic functions Fourier series Fourier Transform (no discrete Fourier Transform) Frequency spectrum
Chapter 3 Sections (3.2 – 3.6) ODE System Models First-order System Time constant I.C. response Step response Sinusoidal response Frequency response Bode diagram (Magnitude ratio plot) Phase angle plot Second-order system Natural frequency Damping frequency Damping ratio Step response Frequency response function Bode diagram Phase angle plot Transfer function First-order system Second-order system Principle of superposition
Chapter 4 Sections (4.2,4.3,4.4,4.6) Probability Probability density function (pdf) Cumulative distribution function (cdf) Normal or Gaussian pdf Normal Error Function table Sigma bounds Finite Statistics Sample mean Sample standard deviation Standard deviation of sample mean Student T distribution Degrees of freedom Precision interval Confidence interval Regression Analysis Least squares criterion Degrees of freedom Standard deviations (Sy and Sxy) Correlation Coefficient
Chapter 5 Sections (5.1 – 5.8) Design-stage Uncertainty Analysis Zero-order uncertainty Instrument uncertainty RSS Method Instrument Error Sources Biases Hysteresis Linearity Sensitivity Zero shift Precision Errors Repeatability errors Error Propagation Multiple Measure Uncertainty Analysis Propagation of elemental errors Propagation of uncertainty to a result Chapter 6 Section (6.2,6.3,6.4,6.5,6.6,6.8) Analog Devices Ammeters Voltmeters Wheatstone bridge Loading Errors Voltmeter Wheatstone bridge Operational Amplifiers Ideal amplifier characteristics Op amp rules (axioms) Analog Filters Ideal filter characteristics Low-pass RC filter Magnitude ratio and phase angle Cascading low-pass filters Impulse response Convolution integral
Chapter 7 Section (7.1,7.2 up to page 242) Sampling rate Nyquist frequency Aliasing Quantization Folding diagram Binary numbers
Chapter 8 (Section (8.2,8.3,8.4,8.5 up to page 316) RTD RTD Resistance Measurement Thermistor including temperature dependence Thermocouple application Thermocou;le Model
Chapter 9 Section (9.2,9.3,9.4) Hydrostatic pressure Pressure Reference Instruments Manometers Barometers Deadweight tester Pressure transducers Bourdon tube pressure gauge Membrane sensor
Labs 1 – 5 most important Chapters 5 – 9 second in importance Chapters 1 – 4 third in importance
Look a example problems in each chapter and the website notes.