Internet Diffusion and Adoption Within Arab-Palestinian Society in Israel
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How Law Made Silicon Valley
Emory Law Journal Volume 63 Issue 3 2014 How Law Made Silicon Valley Anupam Chander Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj Recommended Citation Anupam Chander, How Law Made Silicon Valley, 63 Emory L. J. 639 (2014). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol63/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory Law Journal by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHANDER GALLEYSPROOFS2 2/17/2014 9:02 AM HOW LAW MADE SILICON VALLEY Anupam Chander* ABSTRACT Explanations for the success of Silicon Valley focus on the confluence of capital and education. In this Article, I put forward a new explanation, one that better elucidates the rise of Silicon Valley as a global trader. Just as nineteenth-century American judges altered the common law in order to subsidize industrial development, American judges and legislators altered the law at the turn of the Millennium to promote the development of Internet enterprise. Europe and Asia, by contrast, imposed strict intermediary liability regimes, inflexible intellectual property rules, and strong privacy constraints, impeding local Internet entrepreneurs. This study challenges the conventional wisdom that holds that strong intellectual property rights undergird innovation. While American law favored both commerce and speech enabled by this new medium, European and Asian jurisdictions attended more to the risks to intellectual property rights holders and, to a lesser extent, ordinary individuals. -
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ܽ&TLP(SBQIJDT'MPX%SJWFפগ PIO-FJUOFS@ࢎ1.ಕ+ Journal of Korean Law | Vol. 9, 83-108, December 2009 Identifying the Problem: Korea’s Initial Experience with Mandatory Real Name Verification on Internet Portals John Leitner* Abstract In 2007, Korea implemented the world’s only mandatory real name verification system for individuals wishing to post content on popular Korean internet portals. This system, which expanded in 2009 to include additional portals, has so far been relatively ineffective at its stated purpose of reducing instances of online libel. Together with Korea’s censorship of certain internet sites, the real name verification system distinguishes Korea as regulating internet use more heavily than other democratic societies. I argue that the real name verification system is unlikely to successfully deter future acts of cyber libel, but will rather hinder socially useful online activities, such as free expression on matters of social and political significance. Possible means for strengthening enforcement of the real name verification system would provide little promise of preventing defamation while further interfering with freedom of expression and personal privacy. I propose that Korean law can more effectively balance protection of private reputations with individual liberty interests by changing the real name verification system from a mandatory requirement to an internet portal opt-in system. Korea might also consider an emphasis on civil remedies as a means for minimizing the occurrence and consequences of cyber libel while simultaneously preserving a free and collaborative internet. I. Introduction The widespread proliferation of internet access throughout many societies worldwide has facilitated not only socially positive practices, but also detrimental ones. -
North Korea Security Briefing
Companion report HP Security Briefing Episode 16, August 2014 Profiling an enigma: The mystery of North Korea’s cyber threat landscape HP Security Research Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Research roadblocks ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Ideological and political context .................................................................................................................... 5 Juche and Songun ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Tension and change on the Korean Peninsula .......................................................................................... 8 North Korean cyber capabilities and limitations ......................................................................................... 10 North Korean infrastructure.................................................................................................................... 10 An analysis of developments in North Korean cyberspace since 2010 .................................................. 14 North Korean cyber war and intelligence structure ................................................................................ 21 North Korean cyber and intelligence organizational chart .................................................................... -
Federal Communications Commission DA 12-1334 Before the Federal
Federal Communications Commission DA 12-1334 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) International Comparison Requirements Pursuant ) IB Docket No. 10-171 to the Broadband Data Improvement Act ) GN Docket 11-121 ) International Broadband Data Report ) THIRD REPORT Adopted: August 13, 2012 Released: August 21, 2012 By the Chief, International Bureau: I. INTRODUCTION 1. This is the Commission’s third annual International Broadband Data Report (IBDR or Report). The IBDR is required by the Broadband Data Improvement Act (BDIA) and provides comparative international information on broadband services.1 Through the presentation of this data, we have the opportunity to evaluate the United States’ rates of broadband adoption, speeds, and prices in comparison to the international community. International data can serve as useful benchmarks for progress in fixed and mobile broadband accessibility. 2. In the past year, both fixed and mobile broadband providers have made significant progress in their efforts to expand broadband networks and improve service quality. As noted in the Eighth 706 Report released today, the market is responding to the needs of Americans for increased broadband capabilities.2 In 2011, U.S. investment in wired and wireless network infrastructure rose 24%.3 Some recent trends show that providers are offering higher speeds, more data under their usage limits, and more advanced technology in both fixed and mobile broadband. For example, cable operators have increased their deployment of DOCSIS 3.0-based data networks, which are capable of providing 100 megabits per second or faster (Mbps) speeds. In the last three years, the percentage of households passed by DOCSIS 3.0 broadband infrastructure has risen from 20% to 82%.4 Advances in broadband technology and initiatives to promote greater deployment and adoption of broadband services have led to broadband- enabled innovation in other fields such as health care, education, and energy efficiency. -
Net and Netizens Played a Critical Role in Roh’S Election
The Rise of Netizen Democracy A Case Study of Netizens’ Impact on Democracy in South Korea by Ronda Hauben [email protected] The history of democracy also shows that democracy is a moving target, not a static structure. John Markoff What does it mean to be politically engaged today? And what does it mean to be a citizen? The transformation of how we engage and act in society challenges how we perceive the concepts of civic engagement and citizenship, their content and expression. The introduction of new information technologies, most notably in the form of internet, has in turn reinvigorated these discussions. Ylva Johansson Someone may construe that in South Korea politics the major source of power moved from ‘the muzzle of a gun (army)’ to ‘that of the emotion (TV)’ and then to ‘that of logic (Internet)’ in a short time. Yun Young-Min Abstract South Korean netizens are exploring the potential of the internet to make an extension of democracy a reality. The cheering during the World Cup games in Korea in June 2002 organized by the Red Devils online fan club, then the protest against the deaths of two Korean school girls caused by U.S. soldiers were the prelude to the candidacy and election of Roh Moo Hyun, the first head of state whose election can be tracked directly to the activity of the netizens. This is a case study of the South Korean netizen democracy. This case studyis intended as a contribution to a needed broader project to explore the impact netizens are having on extending democratic processes today. -
Asia-Pacific Online
Asia-Pacific Online December 2003 www.emarketer.com This report is the property of eMarketer, Inc. and is protected under both the United States Copyright Act and by contract. Section 106 of the Copyright Act gives copyright owners the exclusive rights of reproduction, adaptation, publication, performance and display of protected works. Accordingly, any use, copying, distribution, modification, or republishing of this report beyond that expressly permitted by your license agreement is prohibited. Violations of the Copyright Act can be both civilly and criminally prosecuted and eMarketer will take all steps necessary to protect its rights under both the Copyright Act and your contract. If you are outside of the United States: copyrighted United States works, including the attached report, are protected under international treaties. Additionally, by contract, you have agreed to be bound by United States law. Asia-Pacific Online Table of Contents 3 Methodology 7 The eMarketer Difference 8 The Benefits of eMarketer’s Aggregation Approach 9 “Benchmarking” and Projections 9 I Introduction 11 II Asia-Pacific Overview 13 A. Population and Economy 14 B. Population 16 C. PCs 17 D. Internet Users 21 Internet User Forecasts 25 E. Broadband 28 Broadband Users 28 Broadband Forecast 31 Broadband Access Technologies 33 F.Internet Usage 35 G. Wireless and Mobile Content 39 H. Digital TV 44 III Australia 47 A. Internet Users 48 B. Broadband 52 Broadband Access Technologies 56 C. Internet Usage 58 D. Wireless 66 IV China 69 A. Broadband 73 B. Internet Usage 80 C. Wireless 82 D. Digital TV 88 V Hong Kong 89 3 ©2003 eMarketer, Inc. -
Emerging Transnational Coalition of Non-State Actors in East Asia Community Building Seung-Youn Oh Bryn Mawr College, [email protected]
Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Political Science Faculty Research and Scholarship Political Science 2018 Quiet transformation from the Bottom: Emerging Transnational Coalition of Non-state Actors in East Asia Community Building Seung-Youn Oh Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/polisci_pubs Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Other Political Science Commons Custom Citation Oh S.Y. (2018) Quiet Transformation from the Bottom: Emerging Transnational Networks Among Non-State Actors in Northeast Asia Community-Building. In: Hayes P., Moon CI. (eds) The uturF e of East Asia. Asia Today. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. https://repository.brynmawr.edu/polisci_pubs/41 For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAPTER 8 Quiet Transformation from the Bottom: Emerging Transnational Networks Among Non-State Actors in Northeast Asia Community-Building Seung Youn Oh In Northeast Asia, an extensive web of informal intra-regional economic and cultural integration coexists with fractious political and security issues that often hinder potential cooperation. The combined experience of colonization at the turn of the twentieth century and the historical rem- nants of the Cold War led to the regional states developing a strong sense of nationalism and intense commitment to the ideals of Westphalian sovereignty.1 Traditional security concerns dominate the region, and nation-states remain the focus of most discussions regarding regional 1Chung-In Moon and Chaesung Chun, “Sovereignty: Dominance of the Westphalian Concept and Implications for Regional Security,” in Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features, ed. -
A Look at North Korea's Limited Internet Capabilities 23 December 2014, Bytong-Hyung Kim and Youkyung Lee
A look at North Korea's limited Internet capabilities 23 December 2014, byTong-Hyung Kim And Youkyung Lee An hours-long Internet outage Tuesday in one of addresses for a population of 25 million, according the world's least-wired countries was probably to So Young Seo, a researcher at South Korea's more inconvenient to foreigners than to North state-run Korea Information Society Development Korean residents, most of whom have never gone Institute. online. Even for wired Koreans south of the heavily armed border separating the rivals, the temporary North Korea's small circle of Internet users consist outage made little difference—southerners are of elites in the government and military, banned by law from accessing North Korean propagandists and media workers, state-trained websites. hackers and researchers at education institutes such as Kim Il Sung University and the Pyongyang While North Korea tightly controls its citizens' University of Science and Technology, Seo said. activities, especially their access to information on the outside world, it does have a cyberspace. Other North Koreans are limited to the intranet, Here's a look at North Korea's unique broadband which provides access to state media and a limited and mobile Internet, the country's use of email and number of information sources that were pulled and its tightly controlled use of a domestic Intranet. censored from the real Internet. ___ Most common North Koreans probably don't actively use Kwangmyong because owning a INTERNET VS INTRANET computer requires permission from government authorities and would cost as much as three Only a very small number of people among North months' salary for the average worker, Seo said. -
Cybercrime: an Annotated Bibliography of Select Foreign-Language Academic Literature
CYBERCRIME: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECT FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ACADEMIC LITERATURE An Annotated Bibliography Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Justice November 2009 Researchers: Glenn Curtis Ronald Dolan Seth Elan Noël Ivey Carl Minkus Eric Solsten Taru Spiegel Tomoko Steen Project Manager: Alice R. Buchalter Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202–707–3900 Fax: 202–707–3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/ p 61 Years of Service to the Federal Government p 1948 – 2009 Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Cybercrime: An Annotated Bibliography PREFACE This annotated bibliography reviews the findings of major academic research studies on the prevalence of cybercrime and government efforts to stem its escalation. This bibliography is limited to research published from 2000 to 2008 in the native languages of select countries chosen by the National Institute of Justice—Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean (Republic of Korea), Russian, Swedish, and Ukrainian. This research is categorized into several subtopics: cybercrime practices defined; cybercrime tools and methods; cybercrime differentiated from traditional crime; cybercrime’s threat to government data systems; the link to terrorism; privacy protection; government and law enforcement response; and relevant laws and conventions. In many of the selected countries, critical analyses of the major issues relative to cybercrime have been published by government agencies and non-academic research institutes. Because of the importance of their findings, these studies have been included in this report as well. An appendix provides additional source material identified during the course of research. -
Use of Internet in Political Participation in South Korea
Asia Pacific Media ducatE or Issue 15 Article 9 12-2004 Use of internet in political participation in South Korea S. Bhuiyan Texas A&M University, USA Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/apme Recommended Citation Bhuiyan, S., Use of internet in political participation in South Korea, Asia Pacific Media ducatE or, 15, 2004, 115-130. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/apme/vol1/iss15/9 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Use of Internet in Political Participation in South Korea Research Paper: Serajul I Bhuiyan Texas A&M University-Texarkana Abstract This article examines the role of the Internet in political participation in South Korea. It reveals that the Internet brought majority of the voters into the political process and produced a more fact-based election process in South Korea. It also reveals that Internet accessibility has become a stronger factor to explain increased voter participation. This article suggests that the rapid diffusion of Internet along with broadband connections have contributed to the increased use of Internet among young voters. 115 Serajul Bhuiyan: Use of Internet ... Introduction The Internet is increasingly widely used for communication by citizens and governments in different countries and is the subject of much discussions among communication scholars (Verba & Nie, 1972; Nagel, 1987; Lijphart, 1997; Lae Park, 2002; Krueger, 2002a; 2002b). In recent years, South Korea has seen a remarkable diffusion in Internet and its impact on political communication. Over the past five years, South Korea has grown to be one of the world’s most enthusiastic adopters of broadband -- the high-speed Internet connection technology that makes the Internet as ubiquitous as electricity, just as promised by technology gurus. -
The Internet and the Public in South Korea: Online Political Talk and Culture
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository THE INTERNET AND THE PUBLIC IN SOUTH KOREA: ONLINE POLITICAL TALK AND CULTURE BY JEONG-HO KIM DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor John Nerone, Chair Professor Clifford Christians Professor Nancy Abelmann Professor Andrew Pickering, University of Exeter Abstract This dissertation is an ethnographic study of online political talk and its culture in South Korea. In this study, I examine the action and culture of online-talk participants from the insider‘s perspective. My main argument is that online political talk has given rise to the subjectivity that characterizes a new type of the public, which I name the simin public. I use simin as the term to refer to a South Korean conception of citizenship. In demonstrating the rise of a subjectivity of the simin public, I first identify and characterize a central practice of online-talk participants: a social role that I term citizen polemicism. This role refers to a set of actions of judging public matters, offering such judgments in public, and arguing with fellow citizens. Then, I investigate what moves quite a few citizens to engage in citizen polemicism and why the voice of the citizen polemicist is considered to be a legitimate public voice. In answering the former question, I argue that citizen polemicists are morally motivated public communicators. -
The New Dynamics of Democratization in South Korea the Internet and the Emergence of the Netizen by Ronda Hauben
The New Dynamics of Democratization in South Korea The Internet and the Emergence of the Netizen by Ronda Hauben I - The Global Internet and the Netizen Experience in Korea In 2002, the Sisa Journal, a Korean weekly, named Netizens as the Person of the Year.(1) This represented a rare recognition of a new and significant phenomenon that has emerged with the development and spread of the Internet.(2) The netizen has become a significant actor in the struggle for democracy. Nowhere is this more pronounced than in South Korea. Describing the progressive impact that the Internet is having around the world, Choi Jang Jip, a professor at Korea University, writes (3): "[A]ccompanied by the development of communication technologies, globalization creates new elements that enable people to counter undemocratic or antidemocratic elements.....In the instrumental sense, globalization enables communication for democracy in cyberspace. In terms of content, a greater affinity between worldwide democratic values and norms and the unique experiences of younger Koreans in the democratization movement becomes possible." Explaining the dissatisfaction of Koreans with the process of democratic development in South Korea, Choi recognizes that it is the Internet and the democratic processes that the Internet makes possible that provide a continuum with the democratic processes and practices that helped to win the June 1987 victory in South Korea. He writes: "Political society is preoccupied with political parties, political elites, and mass media, which produces and transmits dominant discourse...however, cyberspace has no barriers to entry and is an absolutely free space over which no hegemonic discourse can exercise a dominant influence."(Choi 2000, p.