Lesson 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds

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Lesson Outline LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds A. Understanding Ions 1. When a metal and a(n) bond, they do not share electrons. 2. The atom transfers one or more valence electrons to the atom, forming a chemically stable compound.

3. A(n) is an atom that is no longer electrically neutral because it has lost or gained one or more valence electrons. a. An atom that loses one or more valence electrons becomes an ion with a(n) charge.

b. An atom that gains one or more valence electrons becomes and ion with a(n) charge. 4. Sodium is a metal that has valence electron(s).

a. To become stable, sodium has to a valence electron.

b. When a sodium atom loses a valence electron, it becomes a(n) charged ion.

5. Chlorine is a nonmetal that has valence electron(s). a. To become stable, chlorine has to a valence electron. b. When a chlorine atom gains a valence electron, it becomes a(n) charged ion.

6. To figure out the charge of an ion, the number of electrons in the ion from the number of . B. Ionic Bonds––Electron Transferring 1. When forming a chemical compound, the nonmetal atoms the electrons by the metal atoms.

2. Due to the change in the number of electrons, the metal and nonmetal atoms both become .

3. The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic compound is a(n) .

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Lesson Outline continued

C. Ionic Compounds 1. Most ionic compounds are and at room temperature.

a. Ionic compounds usually have melting points and boiling points.

b. Ionic compounds are conductors of electricity because electric charge passes easily from one ion to another.

2. Covalent compounds form when atoms of different nonmetals electrons, forming bonds.

a. Covalent compounds are made up of many .

b. In contrast, compounds are composed of a large collection of , all of which attract each other and are held together by bonds.

D. Metallic Bonds—Electron Pooling

1. Metal atoms form compounds with other by combining, or pooling, their valence electrons. 2. A(n) is a bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons.

a. When metal atoms lose their , they become ions.

b. Valence electrons in metals are not bonded to any particular atom; instead, metal ions are surrounded by a sea of .

3. Metals are conductors of electricity because their valence electrons can easily move from ion to ion, transferring electric charge.

4. Metals can be hammered into a sheet or drawn into a wire because the ions slide past one another through the electron pool.

5. Metals are shiny because the at their surface interact with light.

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Content Practice A LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Directions: Complete this concept map by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct spaces. Some terms may be used more than once.

atoms bonds conductors covalent electricity electrons ionic metallic molecule pairs protons transfer Chemical

can be

2. 6. 10.

and consist of and involve and consist of freely shared the moving

3. 7. 11.

of one of that make the of or more materials excellent

4. 8. 12.

to produce a unit between of called a(n)

5. 9. 13.

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once.

ionic ionic compound metallic noble gas

14. Atoms bond together to gain the stability of the that is nearest to them on the periodic table. 15. The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in a(n) is an ionic bond. 16. compounds are soluble in water. 17. A “sea of electrons” is in bonding. 48 Elements and Chemical Bonds Name Date Class

School to Home LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question. 1. When metals and nonmetals bond, they do not share electrons. Instead, one or more valence electrons transfers from the metal to the nonmetal atom. What is an ion?

2. Sodium is a metal. Chlorine is a nonmetal. The two atoms create the stable compound NaCl. Why is NaCl a stable compound?

3. Positive and negative ions have opposite charges and attract each other, just as magnets do. What is an ionic bond?

4. The third type of chemical bond occurs between metals. How do metal atoms create a bond?

Key Concept Builder LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Key Concept What is an ionic compound? Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once.

atoms elements ionic ions metals negative nonmetals positive sharing table salt transfer

1. The bonding of and does not involve the of electrons.

2. Instead, this type of bonding is characterized by the of electrons.

3. When join in this way, their become .

4. The loss of one or more electrons results in a(n) charge; the gain of one or more electrons results in a(n) charge.

5. One common compound is NaCL, also known as .

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Key Concept What is an ionic compound? Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, rewrite the sentence correctly on the lines provided.

1. When a metal and a nonmetal bond, one or more valence electrons transfers from the metal to the nonmetal atom and the atoms bond, forming a chemically stable compound.

2. Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called ions.

3. The joining of atoms by the transfer of electrons is called ionized bonding.

4. Atoms gain or lose valence electrons until they have the same number of valence electrons as the closest atmospheric gas.

5. When a sodium atom binds with a chlorine atom, it acquires a positive charge.

6. The compound formed by the bonding of sodium and chloride is NaCl.

7. NaCl is more commonly known as table salt.

8. NaCl dissolves easily in water and has a low boiling point.

Key Concept Builder LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Key Concept How do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds? Directions: On the line before each description, write C if it represents covalent bonding, I if it represents ionic bonding, and M if it represents metallic bonding.

1. pooled electrons

2. shared electron pairs

3. transferred electrons

4. between metal atoms

5. between metals and nonmetals

6. between nonmetals

7. forms molecules

8. electrons moving freely among atoms

9. electrically charged but stable atoms

10. single, double, or triple bonds

11. a “sea of electrons”

12. polar and nonpolar arrangements 56 Elements and Chemical Bonds Name Date Class

Key Concept Builder LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Key Concept How do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds? Directions: Put a check mark in the compare-and-contrast matrix under the column(s) that each physical attribute describes.

Covalent Physical Attribute Ionic Compound Metal Compound

1. Usually gases or liquids at room temperature

2. Usually a solid or solid crystals at room temperature

3. Low melting and boiling points

4. High melting and boiling points

5. Dissolves easily in water

6. Poor conductor of electricity in any form

7. Good conductor of heat and electricity

Lesson Quiz A LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds True or False Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. 1. An ionic bond forms when a nonmetal atom transfers one or more valence electrons to a metal atom. 2. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. 3. The shiny appearance of metals is caused by valence electrons on the surface. 4. An atom with seven valence electrons would most likely lose an electron to become stable. Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

5. Which activity makes an atom more stable when it is forming an ionic bond? A. losing an electron B. gaining an electron C. gaining or losing an electron

6. Which type of atom forms a flexible bond with other atoms of the same element by sharing a large pool of valence electrons? A. metal B. metalloid C. nonmetal

7. A metallic bond forms when valence electrons move freely around a metal atom that has become a A. noble gas. B. positive ion. C. covalent compound.

8. Which type of bond joins nonmetal atoms to nonmetal atoms? A. ionic B. metallic C. covalent 60 Elements and Chemical Bonds Name Date Class

Lesson Quiz B LESSON 3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Completion Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. 1. An ionic bond forms when a(n) atom transfers one or more valence electrons to a(n) atom. 2. In terms of strength, an ionic bond is than a covalent bond. 3. The shiny appearance of metals is caused by on the surface. 4. An atom with seven valence electrons would most likely an electron to become stable.

Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.

5. Explain how forming an ionic bond makes metal and nonmetal atoms more stable.

6. Describe how metallic bonds contribute to the physical characteristics of a metal.

7. Describe the type of ions created through metallic bonding.

8. List the three types of atomic bonds and describe the types of atoms—metal or nonmetal—that form each type of bond.

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