2005 Terrapin Invitational Tournament

SB 2005 Terrapin Invitational Tournament October 22, 2005 – University of Maryland Tossups by Swarthmore B (Micaela Baranello, Miriam Newman, Ben Blonder, David Stifler, Mark Kharas and Eric Astor)

1. One of his earliest accomplishments was to find a simple solution to the Apollonian gasket. His namesake sequence is one whose members become mathematically close as the sequence progresses. His name is applied, with Binet, to a formula to determine the determinant of the product of two non-square matrices; with Euler, to a second order ordinary differential equation of the form x2u’’ [x squared u double prime] + bxu’ [b u prime] + cu = 0; and, with Maclaurin, to an integral test for convergence of a series. The first person to rigorously prove Taylor’s Theorem, for 10 points, name this pioneer and namesake of many theorems of complex analysis. ANSWER: Augustin Louis Cauchy

2. His reign saw the formation of the Swabian league, the Schlegelerbund, as well as a foray into Italy to receive the Iron Crown of Lombardy, among other titles; although this trip also led to some disparaging remarks about him by Petrarch. He fought bravely at Crecy, where the death of his father made him monarch. His third wife Anne of Swidnica bore him a son and successor, Wenceslaus, but he is more famous for promulgating the Golden Bull of 1356, rebuilding the Cathedral of St. Vitus, and fostering the growth of the arts. For 10 points, name this “Father of the Czech Nation,” who has a formidable bridge and university bearing his name in Prague. ANSWER: Charles IV

3. Minor characters include Miss Tox and the good natured Cousin Feenix. After a young employee of the title character is sent away to the West Indies for daring to court his daughter, he falls in with new friends Solomon Gills and Captain Cuttle. When he eventually returns Walter does claim the noble Florence as his own. This all happens sometime after the death of Mr. Blimber’s young student—an event that drives the title figure into depression and seclusion. With a complete title that begins “Dealings with the Firm of,” for 10 points, identify this 1847 novel by Charles Dickens named for the relationship between the title character, a rich shipping magnate, and his heir Paul. ANSWER: Dombey and Son

4. He judges the dead along with Sraosa and Rashnu and members of his cult would ascend through seven grades of initiation, each corresponding to a planet, and worship in temples constructed to resemble caves. Often represented wearing a hat with a curled lip, some myths tell of his ten thousand eyes and his birth from a rock. His worship reached its apogee between the third and fourth centuries BC, but despite its popularity, particularly among soldiers, his cult remains largely a mystery to this day. For 10 points, name this primarily Roman deity usually depicted slaying a bull. ANSWER: Mithra or Mithras

5. This Indiana based statesman was chairman of the Republican National Committee, served as campaign manager for Harding, and was eventually appointed Postmaster General. But his greatest impact came with the publication of a treatise that included sections focusing on, among other things, brandings, surgical operations, white slavery, and dances featuring indecent movements, a work produced after his 1922 election as the first president of Motion Picture Association of America. For 10 points, name this politician, the namesake of a highly restrictive code that governed the production of films in the United States from 1934 to 1967. ANSWER: Will H. Hays

of 9 SB 6. A mixture of glycerin, methanol, methylene azure and eosin, this type of stain is often used on blood films, bone marrow, and certain parasites. Appearing purple by itself, it stains erythrocytes pink, platelets light pink, leukocytes magenta-purple, and monocyte cytoplasm blue. For 10 points, name this classical biological stain that is often combined with trypsin to stain chromosomes, producing the namesake G- bands. ANSWER: Giemsa stain

7. The struggle around West Wood featured John Bell Hood’s Texas Brigade, while the IX corps of Burnside was kept at bay near a bridge that spanned a certain body of water. Preceded by General D.H. Hill’s approach to South Mountain, which allowed Jackson to capture Harper’s Ferry, it featured the “Bloody Lane” which saw men mowed down in a sunken road. General Order 191, detailing plans to disperse the Army of Northern Virginia, was ignored by McClellan who delayed his action by 18 hours, costing the Union a potential decisive victory. For 10 points, name this September 1862 battle that thwarted Lee’s invasion of Maryland and led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. ANSWER: Battle of Antietam Creek or Battle of Sharpsburg

8. He writes about a man who discovers that all of the streets of his hometown have changed into a circus in the collection The Dreams. He chronicles the disintegration of a former thief’s generosity in The Harafish, while his The Day the Leader was Killed focuses on an assassination that took place on October, 6, 1981. Other works include the violent The Thief and the Dogs and a novel subtitled “The Dweller in Truth” about a historical figure who dared to challenge established religious ideas. But his depictions of characters invoking Jesus and Muhammad, in The Children of Gebalawi, proved controversial and the book was banned in his homeland. For 10 points, identify this author whose most important work is a trilogy that focuses on Kamal and his family living in Cairo. ANSWER: Naguib Mahfouz

9. The climactic scene is preceded by the song “Softly sighing to the river, comes the lonely breeze” which is sung at Tremorden castle. Although this work utilizes a small anmount of music from the earlier work Thespis, more famous pieces like Mabel’s waltz “Poor wand’ring one” were written specifically for its score. The plot finally turns on the discovery that the protagonist was born on a leap year so he hasn’t completed his duty ot the title group, who are all living with the older Ruth and pining after the Major Genral Stanley’s daughters. For 10 points, name this work centered on Frederic, a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta about some very softhearted buccaneers. ANSWER: The Pirates of Penzance

10. It references Gestalt psychology in its discussion of the title concept, which is based on a memory system that is transmitted by traditions, such as the importance of medicinal charms and sorcery, as discussed in the section on the Dobu. It posits that although there are an infinite number of behaviors available to human beings, entire groups can be described in terms of one or two major psychological characteristics. Thus the author uses the terms Dionysian and Apollonian to contrast the tribes of the Plains with the Zuni, who would be the focus of another of its author’s groundbreaking works. For 10 points, name this 1934 study focusing about variations of the title concept, by Ruth Benedict? ANSWER: Patterns of Culture

11. Imported from Rosarito Beach in Baja California, and packaged in a small cardboard box with air holes. The brainchild of Gary Dahl, they came with a training manual that had directions for care and training, but no instructions for feeding. The manual noted that “sit” and “stay” were quite simple, but “roll over” was difficult and “come” nearly impossible. For 10 points, name this stoic companion, sold for $3.95, a fad of the mid-1970s produced by “Rock Bottom Productions.” ANSWER: Pet rock

of 9 SB 12. Its behavior is described as either a consequence of Bose-Einstein condensate or an extension of BCS theory, depending on whether the atoms involved are bosons or fermions. This phenomenon utilized in dilution refrigerators and high-precision gyroscopes is characterized by a transition named for the shape of the specific heat curve versus temperature; this lambda transition occurs at 2.17 Kelvin for helium-4. Discovered by in 1937 by Allen, Misener and Kapitsa, for 10 points, name this phase of matter characterized by its zero entropy, infinite thermal conductivity, and its complete lack of viscosity. ANSWER: superfluidity

13. He took part in the Third Mithridatic War under his brother-in-law, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, but eventually stirred up a mutiny due to his feeling slighted with insufficient respect. After returning to Rome he renounced his patrician rank, which enabled him to be elected tribune in 59 BC. He entered Caesar’s house, during the mysteries of Bona Dea, while he was dressed up as a woman and was eventually killed by the forces of Milo. He garnered popular support by distributing grain, and after Caesar’s departure for Gaul became virtual master of Rome with the assistance of armed gangs. For 10 points, name this Roman politician famous for burning Cicero’s house. ANSWER: Publius Clodius Pulcher

14. This character, presented by its author to illustrate the excesses of taking literal meaning, believes “there is no effect without a cause” and suggests the nose was created for the purpose of wearing spectacles, and the Bay of Lisbon was created for the drowning of a specific sailor, so the title character should not rescue him. A victim of a botched auto de fe, syphilis and dissection, for 10 points, name this foil to Martin and professor of metaphysico-theologico-cosmonigology who believes “all is for the best in this best of all possible worlds,” the Leibniz-inspired mentor of the title character of a Voltaire novella. ANSWER: Pangloss

15. His earliest works, completed under the tutelage of Max Weber, were copies of Cezanne, but he eschewed the ideas of early works like Street Scene and began to draw haunting images of the New York subway that featured no regard for scale. Eventually he and Adolph Gottlieb published a manifesto that announced that they were “for the large shape” and “the flat form,” leading to the creation of his best known works, which are simply numbered, and are notably on display at a namesake room at the Tate Museum and at a namesake chapel in Houston. For 10 points, name this Abstract Expressionist, known for his paintings featuring large, intense blocks of color. ANSWER: Mark Rothko

16. In his group of nine treatises he disavowed what he termed “being in the body.” Instead, his ideas promoted an ecstatic soul and centered on a universal One from which the entirety of existence “emanates.” Considering the material world to be the lowest state of being, he nevertheless frowned on the Gnostic disdain for matter, citing the divine origin of material creation. This pupil of Ammonius Saccas remains best known today for a compilation by his own student Porphyry which discusses the foundation of the Nous or demiurge. For 10 points, name this first Neoplatonic philosopher and author of the Enneads. ANSWER: Plotinus

17. Its eight stanzas feature a speaker contemplating the toil that shall soon end when the poem’s subject finds its “summer home.” Although the vision eventually disappears, swallowed up by “the abyss of heaven,” the speaker notes that “thy form” has given “my heart” a deep lesson. Beginning with the lines “Whither mids’t falling dew” this work about a solitary searcher, caused Arnold to remark that it was the best short poem in the English language. Supposedly inspired by a walk its 21 year-old author took when he was “forlorn,” until he saw the title animal outlined against a sunset, for 10 points, identify this poem about an inspirational bird of the sea by William Cullen Bryant. ANSWER: To a Waterfowl

of 9 SB 18. His wealthy background enabled him to get his start traveling to war-torn regions of the world and sending reports back to Channel One News. This got him a job at ABC as a correspondent and as co- anchor of ABC World News Now. He later briefly took a job as host of Celebrity Mole on ABC, but he is better known for his work on cable television. For 10 points, name this son of Gloria Vanderbilt, co-anchor of NewsNight with Aaron Brown and an eponymous program, known for reporting on many high-profile events, including Hurricane Katrina, with CNN. ANSWER: Anderson Cooper

19. This 20-mile long feature, which ranges from 350 to 500 feet in height, was formed about 200 million years ago by the intrusion of magma upward into softer sandstone. Called We-awk-en by the native Lenape people, concern over quarry activity led to the purchase of a significant stretch of it by John D. Rockefeller, who then donated the land to the government for preservation as part of its namesake Interstate Park. For 10 points, name this geographic feature on the right bank of the Hudson River between Nyack, New York and Jersey City that most people see when crossing the George Washington Bridge. ANSWER: The Palisades or New Jersey Palisades or Hudson Palisades

20. Some of his characters include Bernard Litko and Dan Shapiro who discuss an encounter that begins over pancakes. Another work focuses on Anna and Clare and is called Boston Marriage, while his collection of monologues is called Goldberg Street. This author of the novels The Village and The Old Religion has written a critical work subtitled “The Uses of the Knife” that outlines his ideas about the purpose of Drama, yet he might be most famous for polishing the screenplays of big budget films and using the proceeds to finance his own efforts including Spartan, The Spanish Prisoner, and State and Main. For 10 points, name this author of Speed-the-Plow, Glengarry Glen Ross, and American Buffalo. ANSWER: David Mamet

21. When the local church synod opposed its goals, the participants chose to depend on the American Daniel Lindley and the non-ordained Erasmus Snit. It primarily occurred in six waves whose origins include Maritz and Grahamstown. Its most famous leader may have been Piet Retief who was killed by Dingane, which sparked the “Battle of Blood River” between the putative settlers and the natives. Given a name that means to travel by ox wagon, the success of this venture eventually resulted in the foundation of Natal and the Orange Free State. For 10 points, identify this exodus to escape British domination in the Cape Colony, a journey undertaken by Afrikaner farmers. ANSWER: The Great Trek

22. Common topologies for these include recurrent and layered feed forward, though more complex varieties of the latter can include units in hidden layers, producing a multilayer perceptron. In order to minimize error in their output, various algorithms such as back propagation and conjugate gradient descent are used to set optimal thresholds and weights, thus training each node. For 10 points, name this highly parallel type of computation that is used in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition and is inspired by biological systems. ANSWER: neural network

23. His teachers included John of Rochelle and Alexander of Hales and his writings outlined three ways for the mind to contemplate God—use of the senses, the reason, and pure intellect which captures the essence of God in a transcendent act. The Lyons manuscript contains this Bishop of Albano’s most important works include the Itinerarium Mentis ad Deum and the Breviloquium. Instrumental in the election of Pope Gregory X, for 10 points, name this Italian saint, known as the “Doctor Seraphicus,” who received his name from St. Francis of Assisi. ANSWER: Saint Bonaventure or John of Fidanza

of 9 SB 2005 Terrapin Invitational Tournament October 22, 2005 – University of Maryland Bonuses by Swarthmore B (Micaela Baranello, Miriam Newman, Ben Blonder, David Stifler, Mark Kharas and Eric Astor)

1. He is this year’s Jude Law, a British actor appearing in half the movies coming out for the next few months. But some of them might actually be good movies. On a 10-5-15 basis: [10] Name this actor, who also recently appeared in The Constant Gardener as a timid diplomat who eventually gets mad as hell and will not take it any more. ANSWER: Ralph Fiennes [5] He plays this person who shall not be named in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. ANSWER: Lord Voldemort [15] His voice plays a supporting role as a gun-happy suitor in this recent Claymation epic about an inventor and his dog. ANSWER: Wallace and Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit

2. Answer the following about a poem for 10 points each: [10] Opening with an epigraph taken from words spoken by Guido da Montefeltro in Dante’s Inferno, this poem might be best known for the refrain “In the room the women come and go talking of Michelangelo.” ANSWER: The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock [10] As Prufrock continues its speaker begins to ask various questions including this one, which is immediately followed by “Do I dare to eat a peach?” and concerns his appearance. ANSWER: “Shall I part my hair behind.” [10] The lines “And indeed there will be time,” allude to this poem by Andrew Marvell that sees its speaker trying to seduce the title lady. ANSWER: To His Coy Mistress

3. Name these random composers from some clues, 10 points each. [10] This Middle Baroque composer merged the traditionally separate recitative and aria of the Italian opera into a form more suitable for French audiences. His powerful works include the funereal Miserere and the operas Phaeton and Armide & Renaud. ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Lully or Giovanni Battista Lulli [10] This Bohemian-Austrian composer created the song cycles Songs of a Wayfarer and Songs on the Death of Children. ANSWER: Gustav Mahler [10] This composer’s works like L’Amico Fritz and Iris have never been able to eclipse the popularity of his verismo masterpiece, Cavalleria Rusticana. ANSWER: Pietro Mascagni

4. Answer the following about a famous political encounter: [10] Named for the two senators who took part in it, this confrontation that took place in January 1830 focused on the differences between the Southern and Northern views of the Constitution. ANSWER: Webster-Hayne debate [10] The Webster-Hayne debate had its inception when this Connecticut senator proposed a namesake resolution that would instruct a committee to look into limiting public land sales. ANSWER: Samuel Foot [10] This Missouri born senator known as “Old Bullion” supported Hayne’s strict constructionist argument and argued that the North East was trying to check the prosperity of the West. ANSWER: Thomas Hart Benton

of 9 SB 5. Name the following about an element for 10 points per part. [10] This gas with a 0.08 parts-per-million concentration in the Martian atmosphere was the first noble gas discovered to defy the inert tag and actually form compounds. ANSWER: xenon [10] In 1962, Neil Bartlett produced the first noble gas compound. In it, the xenon ion takes a charge of +1 and combines with this –1 ion.

ANSWER: hexafluoroplatinate [accept platinum (V) hexafluoride or PtF6] [10] In 1933, this scientist who applied quantum mechanics to chemistry predicted noble gases closer to the bottom of the periodic table could form compounds due to the outermost electrons being shielded from the influence of the nucleus, allowing ionization. ANSWER: Linus Pauling

6. Answer the following about some related psychological things, for 10 points each. [10] Traditionally grouped into different categories including Hebephrenic and Catatonic, this mental disorder is characterized by reality distortions including hallucinations and hearing voices. ANSWER: schizophrenia [10] This man pioneered the study of schizophrenia in Zurich at the turn of the century, actually coining the name in the process. ANSWER: Eugene Bleuler [10] Bleuler may be better known as the mentor of this other psychologist who wrote his first papers on schizophrenia, though other works like Psychological Types were much more famous. ANSWER: Carl Gustav Jung

7. Identify the form of Japanese theater. [10] Characterized by colorful costumes and masks, this form of dance-theatre was being performed for nobles by the 14th century. ANSWER: Noh [groan if anyone excretes a Darth Vaderian “NOOOOO!!!”] [10] With bright face painting instead of masks, this form was invented in the 17th century by Okuni, a woman, although it has since been dominated by men. ANSWER: Kabuki [10] This form, also started in the 17th century, focuses on large, elaborate puppets rather than the actors themselves, with important characters manipulated by three puppeteers. ANSWER: Bunraku

8. Answer the following about the history of Spain for 10 points each. [10] This political faction enjoyed many successes during their first namesake war, which lasted from 1833 to 1840, under their general Tomas Zumalacarregui. ANSWER: the Carlists [10] The Carlists refused to support the reign of Isabella II. Instead they relied on this law, which was introduced by Philip V and stated that females were forbidden from succeeding to titles. ANSWER: the Salic law [10] The second Carlist war ended in 1876 over a year after this son of Isabella II was proclaimed King. ANSWER: Alfonso XII

9. For 10 points each, answer the following questions on problems during pregnancy. [10] Particularly common in some parts of Africa, this condition occurs when delivery of a stillborn baby results in a rupture between the vagina, bowel, and bladder. ANSWER: enterovaginal fistula [10] This condition results from a fertilized egg implanting outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tubes. ANSWER: ectopic pregnancy [10] This condition, also known as gestational trophoblastic disease, occurs when the new tissue that is supposed to develop into the placenta develops instead into a tumor. ANSWER: molar pregnancy

of 9 SB 10. For 10 points each, name these types of voting systems. [10] By far the most common voting method, this system allows each voter only one choice. The candidate who receives the most votes wins, even without a majority. ANSWER: plurality or relative majority or first-past-the-post or winner-take-all [10] This method tends to find the most central candidate, and elects the candidate who is ranked highest relative to all others in a series of pair-wise comparisons; the paradox of the same name refers to the situation whether the eponymous winner does not exist. ANSWER: Condorcet [10] In this positional voting system, which is used in the major college polls, voters rank candidates and those candidates receive points based on their rank on each ballot. ANSWER: Borda count

11. Answer the following about a god, for 10 points each. [10] He was responsible for constructing several things, including the walls of Troy, with Apollo and the mortal Aeacus. ANSWER: Poseidon [10] During the Trojan War, Poseidon took on the appearance of this seer to encourage the Achaeans. He is well known for declaring that without Achilles and Philoctetes Troy could not be taken. ANSWER: Calchas [10] Poseidon made love to this once beautiful woman in the temple of Athena. As a result she was transformed and had to join her sisters Stheno and Euryale in the far west of the world. ANSWER: Medusa

12. Answer the following about a French novel for 10 points each. [10] The title character of this 1857 work meets her future husband when he arrives to set the leg of her father, Farmer Rouault. ANSWER: Madame Bovary [10] Emma Bovary eventually falls for this rakish and wealthy bachelor who romances her then leaves her with a 43 day fever. ANSWER: Rodolphe Boulanger [accept either] [10] Meanwhile this shy clerk, who first met Emma when the Bovarys moved to Yonville, pines after her the whole time. ANSWER: Leon Dupuis [accept either]

13. Name these Secretaries of State for 10 points each. [10] He was secretary of state from 1989 to 1992, after which he served as George H.W. Bush’s Chief of Staff, a position he had held under Reagan. ANSWER: James A. Baker III [10] Serving from 1949 to 1953, he defended those accused by Joseph McCarthy, and was a close friend of Adlai Stevenson. ANSWER: Dean Acheson [10]H e served from 1857 to 1860 under Buchanan, after his unsuccessful run for president in 1848. He was a leading advocate for popular sovereignty. ANSWER: Lewis Cass

of 9 SB 14. Most of modern physics exhibits symmetry, but this particular force shows a more obvious type. For 10 points each: [10] This is the only force in the universe that has only been seen in “pairs;” no particle has yet been found that shows only one side of this force. ANSWER: magnetism [10] Even though a particle that showed only one of North or South magnetism has yet to be discovered, it has already been named due to its usefulness in modern theory. ANSWER: magnetic monopole [10] Paul Dirac showed that this premise of modern physics, as applied to electric and magnetic charge, follows directly from the existence of even one magnetic monopole in the universe. Name this “mechanical” principle, which states that certain quantities can only exist in discrete units. ANSWER: quantization [prompt on quantum]

15. Name these fictional bands for 10 points each. [10] The mother of all fictional bands, their first hit was “Listen to the Flower People.” A later album was Smell the Glove. They have trouble holding onto a drummer. ANSWER: Spinal Tap [10] This band’s lead singer, Jeff Bebe, is worried that the “guitarist with a mystique” is stealing the spotlight and groupies. But they still make the cover of Rolling Stone. ANSWER: Stillwater [throw something at anyone who yells “I am a golden god!”] [10] This Kraftwerk-like band broke up and is now just a bunch of very German nihilists led by porn star Karl Hungus. They think Bunny might be a source for money. ANSWER: Autobahn

16. Name these photographers, 5-10-15. [5] One of the founders of the seminal photography magazine Aperture, this photographer is best known for his landscapes of the American West. ANSWER: Ansel Adams [10] Sometimes referred to as the Father of Modern Photography, this photographer is primarily known for his photographs of turn of the century skyscrapers in New York City, his Equivalents series, and nude portraits of his wife, Georgia O’Keefe. ANSWER: Alfred Stieglitz [15] Perhaps the most famous portrait photographer he is known for his strong use of formalism in his compositions such as those of Igor Stravinsky and Eugene O’Neill. ANSWER: Arnold Newman

17. For 10 points each, answer the following questions about works by Agatha Christie. [10] Christie created this meticulous and haughty Belgian detective, known for his immaculately waxed moustache, whose partner was Arthur Hastings. ANSWER: Hercule Poirot [10] Christie’s titles are generally closely linked to the plot. Name this Poirot mystery, in which Alice Ascher and Betty Bernard are murdered in Andover and Bexhill, respectively. ANSWER: The ABC Murders [10] The subject of an Edmund Wilson attack on detective fiction, this 1926 novel involves the murders of wealthy widow Mrs. Ferrars and the title character. ANSWER: The Murder of Roger Ackroyd

of 9 SB 18. Answer the following about the reign of Henry VI for ten points each. [10] When his grandfather Charles VI died, Henry was named King of France by the terms of this 1420 treaty. ANSWER: treaty of Troyes [10] Henry married this French noblewoman in 1445. As Queen she would lead numerous campaigns against the Yorkists. ANSWER: Margaret of Anjou [10] Henry was murdered at the Tower of London in 1471, a few days after this man’s final victory at the Battle of Tewkesbury insured that the Yorkists would have the throne. ANSWER: Edward IV

19. For 10 points each, name these things about the C++ language. [10] This keyword allows a class to grant access to non-member functions or classes. Private and protected class members are exposed, allowing encapsulation to be extended. ANSWER: friend [10] In modern compilers, this keyword has been largely rendered obsolete. Its use indicates that a function's body should be substituted into the linked code, rather than jumping to that code elsewhere. ANSWER: inline [10] This keyword denotes a member function of a class whose functionality can be overridden in derived classes. Calls to functions of this type are resolved at runtime. ANSWER: virtual

20. Tell me a little about the geography of London for 10 points each. [10] This neighborhood can be found south of King’s Cross and north of Covent Garden. It is home to the British Museum and Bedford Square. It is known for its intellectuals. ANSWER: Bloomsbury [10] This bridge runs from the Embankment across the Thames, past the Royal Festival Hall and the Royal National Theatre to its eponymous railway station. Appropriately, it is not far from Nelson’s Column. ANSWER: Waterloo Bridge [10] This park is known for Primrose Hill and its Inner Circle. It is north of Marylebone and houses the London Zoo. ANSWER: Regent’s Park

21. Answer the following about a play for ten points each. [10] It ends with the doomed lover Giovanni killing his lover, who also happens to be his sister, and walking into the banqueting hall with her heart on his dagger. ANSWER: ‘Tis Pity She’s a Whore [10] This author of The Broken Heart and Perkin Warbeck wrote ‘Tis Pity She’s a Whore. ANSWER: John Ford [10] Ultimately, Giovanni is killed by his rival Soranzo’s faithful servant, one of the most dastardly dudes to walk the English stage, name him. ANSWER: Vasques

22. For 10 points each, name these types of leaf shape. If you need an example tree, you get 5 points. [10] This type of leaf has two rows of recognizably separate leaflets on an elongated rachis. [5] Ash tree ANSWER: pinnate [10] This type of leaf has lobes or segments attached to the stalk at a single point. [5] Maple tree ANSWER: palmate [10] This acicular leaf type is narrow, elongated and cylindrical. [5] White pine ANSWER: needle