Study Guide for BI 121 Lecture Exam 3

Chapter 6

 Describe the similarities and differences in the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue, and indicate where they are found in the body  Describe the connective tissue organization of skeletal muscles  List and describe the functions of skeletal muscles  Describe the cellular and molecular organization of a muscle fiber (all the way down to thick and thin filament arrangement)  Describe how motor units are involved in muscle organization and function  Describe the structures and events that are found at the neuromuscular junction  Describe the structures and events that are associated with the initiation and continuation of a muscle contraction. (sliding filament theory)  Describe the differences between a twitch, wave summation, unfused tetanus, and fused tetanus.  Describe three ways in which ATP is generated during muscle activity  Know the difference, and give examples, of isotonic and isometric contractions  Define muscle tone  Know the various types of body movements  Define prime mover, antagonists, synergists, and fixators  Know the muscles and their corresponding actions, origins, and insertions from your muscle list.

Chapter 7

Neuron Anatomy & Physiology and Reflexes  Describe the three overlapping functions of the nervous system  Describe how the nervous system is organized, structural and functional  Name and describe the supporting cells of the CNS and PNS  Identify and describe the major parts and regions of a typical motor neuron (fig. 7.4)  Define ganglion, tracts, nerves, white matter, and gray matter  Identify the functional classification of neurons  Identify the structural classification of neurons  Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another  Define reflex, and be able to diagram a reflex arc (fig. 7.11 a.)

Use this study guide, the lecture notes, the textbook, and plenty of quality study time to properly prepare for the exam. Brain Anatomy & Physiology  Identify the four major regions of the brain, and give their general functions.  Identify the following structures/regions of the cerebrum: gyri, sucli, fissures, somatic sensory area, primary motor area, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, and corpus collosum.  Identify the following structures/regions of the diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary gland, mammillary bodies, epithalamus, pineal gland, and choroid plexus.  Identify the following structures/regions of the brain stem: midbrain, cerebral aquaduct, cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, pons, medulla oblongata, and the reticular formation.  Identify the cerebellum and describe its basic functions  Name and describe the layers of connective tissue that form the protective layers around the CNS (meninges)  Discuss the importance of CSF  Discuss the importance of the blood-brain barrier Spinal Cord Anatomy & Physiology  Describe the structural characteristics of the spinal cord  Identify the following structures/regions of the spinal cord: dorsal horns, ventral horns, central canal, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root, spinal nerves, posterior, lateral, and anterior columns.  Describe the structure of a nerve, including the endoneurium, perineurium, fascicles, and epineurium.  Differentiate between mixed nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.  Identify the 12 cranial nerves  Identify the spinal nerves, their rami, and the plexuses that arise from them. Autonomic Nervous System  Describe the major functions of the autonomic nervous system  Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.  Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division  Describe the differences between the major functions of the sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.

Use this study guide, the lecture notes, the textbook, and plenty of quality study time to properly prepare for the exam.