UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

African Centre for Statistics

Report

Workshop on Challenges and Strategies in Improving Labour Statistics in Africa

Bamako, Mali, 22 to 24 November 2010

1 Table of contents

1. Introduction...... 3

2. Proceedings...... 3

3. Recommendations...... 20

4. Annex 1: Agenda...... 22

5. Annex 2: List of participants...... 24

2 1. Introduction A mission composed of Mr. Oumar SARR, Statistician at ACS, Mr. Gerard Osbert, Regional Advisor at ACS and Ms Emnet Tezera, Staff Assistant at ACS had serviced the Workshop on Challenges and Strategies in Improving Labour Statistics in Africa in Bamako, Mali, from 22 to 24 November 2010. The workshop was organized in the framework of the Development Account Project on African Statistical Knowledge Network jointly implemented with the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD) and in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Observatoire économique et statistique d'Afrique Subsaharienne (Afristat). The Government of Mali, through the Agence Nationale pour la Promotion de l’Emploi (ANPE), gave a precious contribution to the success of the workshop. Experts from the following countries attended the workshop: Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Tunisia and Uganda.

2. Proceedings

Opening ceremony

Starting his opening remarks, Mr. Oumar SARR, ECA representative and Coordinator of the workshop, thanked the hosting country and the Government of Mali for their support to the organization of this workshop. He then appreciated the collabouration established with UNSD, ILO and Afristat for the technical content of the workshop. After then, he stressed the importance of employment in monitoring the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as progress of some of them is closely dependent to the employment status in the country. Pursuing his statement, he highlighted support gave by ECA in order to enhance African countries capacity to produce and report statistics in all areas. In particular, he mentioned the material produced by ACS to support countries for a better participation to the 2010 Round on Population and Housing Census (PHC) and also to report MDGs. He concluded by calling upon experts to participate actively to the workshop in order to share their experience.

3 Ms Erlinda Go, representative of UNSD thanked ECA for taking the initiative and the lead of organizing such workshop, and expressed appreciation for the collaboration of ILO and Afristat, noting the importance of such collaboration in achieving the workshop objectives. She also reminded the group that establishing a network of African experts on labour force statistics to serve as a resource for improving these statistics in the region is one of the project’s primary goals.

Ms Monica Castillo, representative of ILO, expressed her pleasure to attend the workshop trough combined efforts of international organizations. She said that the workshop will certainly provide opportunities for sharing international standards; in particular, she noticed that decent work has extended the way to look statistics not only with quantitative view but also with the qualitative. She informed that Africa Region is in a high priority for ILO in order to fill the gaps observed and poor statistics. She said that ILO stands ready for strong collaboration with regional institutions.

Mr Martin Balepa, Director General Afristat, recognize the importance put on statistics by the Government of Mali and especially in labour statistics. He then said that labour is at the heart of the combat against poverty. He also recalled resolution made by African Heads of States during their Summit held in Ouagadougou in 2004; that declaration called countries to improve their labour force statistics.

His Excellency, Mr Ibrahima NDiaye, Minister of Employment and Vocational Training of Mali, expressed his pleasure to launch the workshop on behalf of the Government of Mali. He then recalled the mandate of his ministerial department which consists in development of human resources. He then gave the pillars of the policy of employment driven by the Government of Mali since 1980 which went through the Structural Adjustment Programme whose consequence being the job restriction for young graduated people. As concern the challenges in data collection, he highlighted issues pertaining to the gaps, the lack of resources, lack of metadata for previous works, inadequacy of methodologies for African countries, lack of statistical training curricula and institutional issues. He recognized the key role that sub-regional and regional as well as international organization can play to improve the situation. Finally, he stressed the expected accomplishments of the workshop and welcomed all participants to Bamako.

4 Sessions

Launching the work program, Mr. Oumar SARR presented the objectives and expected outcomes of the workshop. The overall objective is to enhance the capacity of African countries to collect, process, analyze and disseminate employment statistics on a regular basis. As specific objectives, he mentioned:  Identification of issues and constraints faced by African countries in the production and dissemination of employment statistics;  Review current practices in the area in terms of definitions of concepts, methodologies, etc…  Identification of methods for collecting data on employment;  Guidelines for collecting employment statistics from surveys and/or administrative sources;  Proposed guidelines of the work plan for the StatCom-Africa’s Working Group on the informal sector; and  Exchange of best practices in the area of employment statistics.

The expected outcomes would be:  Improved capacity of African countries and organizations on the production and use of employment statistics at national level;  Regular production of an employment balance sheet by main activities, mode of production (informal, formal), rural/urban, sex and age groups;  Information and experience shared among participants from African countries and organizations; and  Improved capacity of African countries to implement the action plan of the StatCom-Africa Working Group on the Informal Sector.

Then, he presented the agenda of the workshop which was adopted with minor adjustment. The following major subjects were adopted:

 Decent Work;  Measuring Child Labour;  Classification of Occupations;  Employment balance Sheet; and  Panel discussion on StatCom-Africa Work Plan.

5 International Institutions presentations

Mrs. Monica Castillo, Chief, Decent Work Data Production Unit, ILO, presented on « Decent Work Measurement Framework and Sources of Data ». She started by sharing information on the Decent Work measurement framework and sources of data. She highlighted the definition of decent work reported in the 1999 ILO International Conference Report as “opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity”. The decent work agenda has been endorsed as a global goal by many key organizations including ECOSOC, Presidential Summits, and the United Nations, among others. The purpose of measuring decent work is to (i) assist constituents to assess progress towards decent work for policy and programme monitoring and (ii) to offer comparable information for analysis and policy development. It must cover all four dimensions of the decent work agenda: rights at work, employment opportunities, social protection, and social dialogue and tripartism. She discussed the framework for measuring decent work as consisting of grouping of decent work indicators under 10 substantive elements and one area on economic and social context, and highlighted that it involves a layered approach to indicators, which includes 18 main statistical indicators and a focus on disaggregation where possible by sex. The framework involves both quantitative and qualitative indicators, the latter primarily related to rights at work and the legal framework for decent work. Sources of information on decent work are broad and include household surveys, establishment surveys, administrative records and qualitative legal (textual) sources, among others, each with advantages and limitations. She also highlighted the importance of international comparability in the measurement of decent work statistics and of following the international recommendations established by the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).

Mr. Tite Habiyakare, Labour Statistics Specialist, ILO presented on “Institutional capacity, processes and outcomes in measuring Decent Work: Case study Tanzania”.

The starting point was the commitment of Tanzania to participate in the pilot process for measuring decent work (DW), expressed during the 18th ICLS meeting of December 2008 and follow-up meetings with ILO. The

6 process involved the full participation of ILO tripartite constituents, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and ILO technical assistance.

The DW profile process started in March 2009 by the preparation of a project proposal, followed by the hiring of a consultant to prepare baseline data and initial draft of the DW profile (April 2009), and the setting up of a tripartite drafting team by stakeholders (May 2009) to assist the consultant in the preparation of the profile.

The complete draft of the DW profile was first presented to a stakeholders review meeting in July 2009, then to a national stakeholders’ validation meeting in September 2009, and finally presented to the ILO Governing Body during its November 2009 session. The profile was thereon finalized, published and disseminated in March-June 2010.

In terms of institutional capacity the Tanzania DW profile involved 8 stakeholders’ representatives as the tripartite drafting team, 2 consultants to draft the profile, and ILO technical (about 10 officials from the field and HQ) and financial assistance (about US$70,000).

The process did face many challenges, and the presentation indicated the main ones, i.e.: (i) data availability and adequacy, especially when labour force surveys and other data collection exercises are only carried out every 5 years or less; (ii) the lack of national capacity (trained staff) to carry out the profile; (iii) difficulties in gathering data located in disparate offices due to the lack of an operational labour market information system, and (iv) the inadequate understanding of the ILO DW agenda by a number of stakeholders, which hampered somehow their full participation in the preparation of the DW profile, especially in providing appropriate inputs in the interpretation of data.

The presenter provided some appealing findings from selected decent work indicators (DWI), covering the 10 elements of decent work as suggested by the ILO framework for measuring decent work. The Tanzania DW profile used mainly data from the country’s labour force surveys in 1990/91, 2000/01, and 2006. Data related to these and other years were also collected from various stakeholders’ sources and offices such as household budget surveys, occupational health and safety institutions, labour inspectorates, social security institutions (private and public), health and education departments, employers’ and workers’ organizations, etc.

7 The presentation went also on how the Government of Tanzania managed to acknowledge the conclusions of the report. ILO indicated that such acceptance was explained by a strong commitment from Tanzania, a strong involvement and drive from key stakeholders in the country, as well as the fact that the technical process was highly controlled by Government institutions in the country, i.e. the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Youth Development and the National Bureau of Statistics. Other issues were requests for further clarifications such as on the concepts of decent hours, working poverty, etc.

The ILO expert used the opportunity of this presentation to check among participating countries those that are able to assess the main decent work indicators (DWI) as reviewed in the previous presentation, and pleaded for countries to prepare their DW profile as soon as possible.

Mr Siriki Coulibaly, from Afristat, presented on “Indicators of Decent work through the household surveys and informal sector”. In this presentation, he highlighted the key role played by employment in the household welfare and the poverty reduction. He also expressed the commitment for deepening analysis on job market and the contribution for ownership of countries of indicators. He then listed Afristat activities toward improving its member countries capacity to collect data on labour force statistics. Then, he gave the list of indicators on decent work covering: i) job opportunities; ii) economic employment; iii) decent hours; iv) security at work and equal chance; and v) social dialogue. He concluded by calling upon countries to: i) produce analysis reports focused on employment and decent work; and ii) disseminate methodologies used.

Ms Erlinda Go, UNSD, presented on “Measuring economically active population in population censuses”. The presentation focused on: • Why collect economic characteristics data in the population census; • Census planning from the perspective of measuring economic activity; • Design issues; and • Decisions related to topics related to economic activity in the census.

8 On the first point, she noted that the census is indispensable for broad- based estimates on selected economic characteristics and can provide reliable estimates for small areas, small population groups, or finely classified groups of industries or occupations. For these reasons, practically all countries collect some data on economic activity in the census. The main disadvantages of the census as a vehicle for collecting labour force data is its high cost and long interval between censuses. As concern the second point, the presenter mentioned the importance of having labour statistics experts within the census planning team and of achieving consistency with the LFS in terms of concepts, defintions, reference periods, etc. She also elaborated on the considerations in deciding the scale of the census and the use of sampling in the census.

On the third point, she presented advantages and disadvantages of various questionnaire formats commonly used in the region and the need to simplify skip patterns. She emphasized that the design and testing of the questionnaire are important regardless of method of administering the census but are particularly critical in the self-enumeration method.. For the last point, she covered the principles for selecting topics for inclusion in the census and determining their sequence on the census form. She introduced the topics on economic characteristics recommended for inclusion by the UN Principles and Recommendations on Population and Housing Census.

Ms Elisa M. Benes, Statistician, ILO Department of Statistics, presented on “Overview of survey arrangements, planning and topic coverage”.

The presentation focused on the relevance of labour force surveys for the measurement of decent work. It was noted that labour force surveys are the best source of information about the economically active population because they permit the measurement of characteristics of the working age population in one single source, thereby facilitating their classification as employed, unemployed or inactive. Labour force surveys are also a flexible tool that can be designed to cover all types of workers, all jobs and all branches of economic activity. For these reasons, LFS are the main data source for over half of the decent work indicators (12 out of the18 main indicators and 16 out of the 29 additional and future indicators). Model flow charts showing how to incorporate such indicators in a LFS questionnaire, following international standards, were briefly

9 presented. It was noted that the ILO is developing model LFS materials based on standards and best practices to support the development or improvement of national LFS to measure decent work.

Two decent work indicators, informal employment and labour underutilization, measurable through LFS were highlighted. Informal employment aims to measure the number of persons whose jobs (or jobs which) are, in law or in practice, not covered by national labour legislation, social protection or entitlement to certain employment benefits. Ms. Benes underscored that, although related, informal employment and informal sector employment are separate concepts that refer to different aspects of the informalization of employment. Informal sector employment focuses on the characteristics of the enterprise whereas informal employment focuses on the characteristics of the job. Labour underutilization is a measure still under development which aims to supplement the unemployment rate and be reported along with it. In settings where unemployment insurance is non-existent or inadequate, people cannot remain unemployed for any long period of time and, thus must take any type of employment available or create their own work. This measure aims precisely to capture other forms of labour underutilization in addition to unemployment. It focuses on three main dimensions: insufficient volume of work (labour slack), mismatches between education and occupation (skills underutilization), and undervalued labour (low earnings). A Working Group (WG) has been set up by the ILO to develop such a measure for adoption at the next International Conference of Labour Statisticians, and participants were exhorted to join the WG, if interested, by contacting the ILO.

The presentation ended with a review of the recommended periodicity to address demands for frequent labour force data to inform policymaking and planning. Ms. Benes underscored the importance of progressively implementing a national programme of annual LFS to meet the need for current labour force statistics. She also highlighted some of the advantages of continuous LFS, including capturing seasonal variations and eliminating period effects, greater flexibility and timeliness in data dissemination and improvements in data quality through smaller teams of dedicated interviewers

10 Mr. Ousman Koriko, from Afristat, presented on “Issues related to the scope of Labour force Survey and informal sector”. He started by recalling the Delhi Group held in January 2010 that was focused on the review of the manual on informal employment and informal sector. The manual provides with details on concepts, review of methodologies and list of indicators of employment and informal sector useful for national accounts. Then he defined the informal sector before giving issues related to the seasonality. After then, he presented data needed for national accounts and type of surveys and their periodicities. He concluded by calling for a reflection on the sampling and the questionnaire and the integration of questions on decent work.

Mr. Yacouba Diallo, Senior Statistician, ILO Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour (SIMPOC) made two presentations: (i) Concepts and definitions of child labour; and (ii) National child labour surveys and data collection issues.

The first presentation discussed “child labour” in light of the relevant international standards such as the international legal framework of child labour and the resolution concerning statistics of child labour adopted in 2008. The international legal framework of child labour that grounds the concept of child labour consists of (i) the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989); (ii) ILO Convention n° 138 (1973) on Minimum Age and (iii) ILO Convention n° 182 (1999) on Worst Forms of Child Labour.

During his presentation, Mr. Yacouba Diallo defined the concept of child labour, highlighting the distinction between “working children” (children in employment or children in economic activity), “child labour slated for abolition” (child labour) and “hazardous work by children”. Following this framework, hazardous work by children is a subcategory of child labour, which in turn is a subcategory of children in economic activity. He also described ILO/SIMPOC procedures in estimating the global extent of child labour.

At national level, it was explained that the concept and definition of child labour for statistical measurement should take into account the national needs and circumstances. Therefore, for any country the starting point for developing the definition of child labour is national legislation (where available) and guidelines provided by international

11 labour standards / ILO conventions, international statistical standards and other international instruments.

For the purpose of statistical measurement, child labour may be measured in terms of the engagement of children in productive activities either on the basis of the general production boundary or on the basis of the system of national accounts (SNA) production boundary, but the measurement framework should be clearly specified. More precisely, children involved in child labour include all persons aged 5 to 17 years who, during a specified time period, were engaged in one or more of the following categories of activities: (i) worst forms of child labour; (b) employment below the minimum age, and (c) hazardous unpaid household services (where general production boundary is the measurement framework).

The second presentation of Mr. Yacouba Diallo focused on national child labour surveys and data collection issues. First of all, this presentation explained why we need data on child labour. This was followed by an overview of SIMPOC’s activity range since its inception in 1998:  develop and improve methodologies for child labour data collection and analysis;  refine indicators to measure the prevalence of child labour;  build capacity of partners in child labour data collection and analysis;  provide assistance to member countries in data collection, processing, analysis and dissemination; and  expand global data repository on child labour and assess trends.

Then child labour data collection through national household-based surveys, establishment-based surveys, rapid assessments and baseline surveys were presented. In particular, the workshop participants were guided in the implementation of the above survey techniques based on SIMPOC experience in Africa.

According to the presenter, no single survey type can comprehensively reflect any and all child labour situations, so the various survey methodologies complement one another. In other words, for a comprehensive information base, different methodologies have to be combined. In addition, the different contexts in which these

12 complementary methodologies may be applied were illustrated with examples from SIMPOC experience in Africa.

Finally the presentation outlined some key challenges in the area of child labour data collection and analysis. These are the following:  sustainability of national child labour surveys;  technical issues to be settled when measuring child labour on the basis of the general production boundary; and  methodologies to estimate the magnitude and distribution of worst forms of child labour other than hazardous work (commercial sexual exploitation of children, forced and bounded labour, etc.).

Mr David Hunter, Department of Statistics ILO, presented on “International Standard Classification of Occupations – ISCO- 08”. He started by defining concept of occupation that refers to the type of work done by the person employed irrespective of where (the industry), or under what status in employment. An occupation is a “set of jobs whose main tasks and duties are characterized by a high degree of similarity” and is a major component of national labour market information. Data on occupation are needed for policy formulation for labour market programmes, educational planning and work related migration. He then introduced the ISCO by informing that: • Most countries use national occupation classifications based on the (now out of date) ISCO-88; • Current version was endorsed by the ILO Governing Body in 2008: – For this reason it is known as ISCO-08 – Structure and group definitions available on ILO Website or on request – Usable definitions of all groups have been available since July 2009 – To be published in English, French and Spanish as soon as possible – Will be used in European Union collections from 2010 – Hierarchically structured classification comprising: • 10 major groups • 43 sub-major groups • 131 minor groups • 436 unit groups

13 – Many countries are currently updating their national occupation classifications to align with ISCO-08

He then outlined the purpose of ISCO:  International reporting, comparison and exchange of statistical and administrative data  A model for the development of national and regional classifications of occupations  Used directly in countries that have not developed their own national classifications The National Occupation Classifications are used for:  Statistics from censuses, household surveys, employer surveys and other sources.  Administrative and policy-related activities such as: • matching job seekers with job vacancies • educational planning • management of employment related international migration • determining wage rates

After then, he presented in details the classification of occupations. However, he informed that some countries have adapted the ISCO on their national realities. He then gave methodologies in how to collect data on occupations through models of questions. He also mentioned the methods of coding occupations.

Mr. Gerard Osbert, Regional advisor at ACS, presented on “Methodology for the elaboration of employment balance sheet through labour input matrix”. In his introduction, he noted that the informal economy1 and the national accounts are two complementary approaches: statistical surveys provide detailed information on informal economy, but are not appropriate to quantify its share in the national economy. The SNA revision 2008 is using the “informal economy” concept and will include tools allowing direct measurement of the informal sector, through adapted classifications structuring the central framework. He also noted that informal economy is developing at a fast pace, because of industrial restructuring, globalization and financial crises: the

1 Informal economy = informal sector (according to 15th ICLS) + informal jobs in the formal sector (according to 17th ICLS)

14 informal sector, it is the reign of poverty, and when we propose policies to reduce non-decent work, we must recognize that people prefer to be in the informal sector to avoid the additional costs of the formal one. Positioning informal economy within SNA framework The informal sector is grouping unincorporated household units without complete accounting, but having a market production. However, it is to be noted that, because SNA is not referring yet to jobs matrix, there is a need for a methodology to estimate informal employment. In summary, informal economy is included in SNA framework but not in a separated way, necessitating specific analysis:  in isolating the units owned by households in the accounts by activity branches, noting excluded industries from the scope of the informal sector;  in developing labour input matrix from 3 key variables measuring economic labour force: the employed labour force (ELF), secondary jobs held by employees and the amount of work included in the production process. Challenges of the statistically non-observable Main causes of statistical non-observation are: non exhaustive surveys, poor knowledge of investigated universe, areas inaccessible to investigator (hidden economy). That is why, SNA being an integrated system (= all zones are interfering with each other), it is possible to monitoring household accounts consistency, even in a stronger way, if financial part is available. Some characteristics of the informal sector - wide adaptability creating instability of the informal production units (IUPs), and the absence of border between formal and informal activities within households – require adapting the methodology in developing IUPs topography and analyzing the reasons of non-response and under-statement. This will help to follow the evolution of labour productivity while making specific behaviour hypotheses about informal economic cycles. Towards a consistent methodology The reference universe covered by SNA include: 1/ companies: via updated business register; 2/ households: via demographic censuses and LFS; 3/ IPUs: via mixed surveys and 4/ production: via employment. Then, statistical mapping consists in positioning informal sector at the crossing of main SNA partitions: sector, activity branch, products and jobs; finally, the integrated iterative process can be launched, as follows:

15  1st iteration: branch accounts are produced through balancing supply and use (SUT) of goods and services with regard to the demand by institutional sectors.  2nd iteration: institutional sectors accounts are produced integrating final changes in demand; households sector - poorly known - suffers the weight of all arbitrations. Strategic role of the Labour Input matrix (LIM) The jobs matrix cross-tabulates jobs status with activity branches, detailed by production modes (here 4 modes are used). For each matrix box, generated income per capita is associated (from the productivity). A second matrix with the same entries estimates amounts of work provided by these jobs (in hours, or full-time equivalent). Methodology to develop the LIM Two matrices – 1/ demographic (labour supply) and 2/ economic (labour demand) - are produced; their matching provides the LIM:  The demographic matrix (labour supply) is prepared from various statistics on households, sources, to be made compatible by harmonising surveys completion dates, sampling, etc.  The economic matrix (labour demand) is prepared from statistical units having an economic activity (companies... households). If, for employed persons, only payroll is available, the number of jobs by status should be reconstructed. Towards a satellite Account on Informal economy After positioning informal sector is in the productive partition of SNA , one can get an overall estimate of the informal economy; however, in order to get detailed data, one should be moving towards satellite accounts for informal sector:  Tables on production and operating accounts, use and non-financial assets are to be produced for the good informed government policies;  In-depth analysis of the informal sector assumes that one can differentiate IPUs with or without employees, urban/rural, etc. and to show the share of products coming from informal activities to be distinguished from formal micro-enterprises.

Panel Discussion

16 Mr. Honoré Toro Djerma Spécialiste statistiques du travail, Equipe d’appui au Travail Décent à Dakar) indicated that ILO African priorities are directed to : i) the recommendations made by the African Summit held in 2004 ; ii) the work programme on Decent Work for Africa (2007-2015) adopted during the 11th African ILO Meeting held in Addis Ababa in 2007 ; iii) the Declaration on Social Justice for equal globalization ; the Global Pact for employment adopted in 2009 by the ILO International Conference on Work ; and iv) the road map for the implementation of the Global Pact.

The ILO priorities are as follows:  to improve decent work statistics ;  to meet needs for countries to design and implement sustainable projects on information system and monitoring of indicators on decent work ;  to improve countries capacity in maintaining these dynamic tools ;  to collaborate with RECs for data collection and updating databases.

Countries presentations

The following countries presented on their national experiences: Cameroon, Uganda, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda and Tunisia. From the presentations, the lessons learnt are follows:  Majority of countries have a recent experience on Labour Force Surveys; in the past, labour statistics were mainly derived from population censuses;  Presently, countries are conscious on the importance of the LFS for the Poverty Reduction Strategies;  Lack of financial resources and equipment is hampering the organization of LFS.  Countries are using new technology such as satellite images as well as GIS for improving their methodologies;  LFS are focused on specific groups and areas including child labour;  Countries are establishing of specific Department that deals with labour and labour statistics using also administrative sources of information;  Lack of qualitative and quantitative human resources ;  Lack of capacity for data analysis and processing ;

17  Weak use of administrative sources ;  Legal frame issues are hampering coordination between stakeholders;  The PHC advantages are the exhaustiveness and the level of accuracy;  Limits of the census: i) short reference period; ii) cost doest not allow details information; and iii) the respondent is usually the head of household; iv) the data collection date;  A specific survey on employment is the only way for having employment statistics  The difficulty for having very young children to respond to the questions  Lack of technical assistance from International institutions;  Improvement of Metadata on labour statistics and to harmonization of concepts and definitions for international comparability.

General discussions

The major issues raised from discussions are related to:  Capacity for African countries for conducting regular data collection through surveys and censuses;  Lack of methodologies specific to countries realities given the fact that definitions given at global level didn’t reflect context in Africa;  Gender issues therefore importance to split income by sex;  Family workers and poverty;  Possibility of a composite indicator;  Indicators for trade union;  Creating database in order to comparable data between countries;  Lack of coordination;  Age for child vis-à-vis the School age;  Decent working hours;  Quality of data sources;  Gaps due to lack of resources;

18  Necessity to simplify census questionnaire format due to the cost and the time required;  Under employment estimation;  Seasonal employment home workers and family workers;  Dissemination of the manual on decent work;

19 3. Recommendations Participants to the workshop on Challenges and Strategies in Improving Labour Statistics in Africa, referring to the Ouagadougou Action Plan on Employment (2004), Recognize the importance of the continuation of the policies of “the equal opportunity”, while measuring the difficulty of reaching this objective with the increasing pace that informal employment takes since the global economic crisis of 2007/2008; Take note that the statistical production is facing specific difficulties due in particular to: o The irregularity of employment surveys leading to their non comparability over time and their non complementarities with other types of households surveys (budget/expenditures); o The lack of analyses of labour statistics and their low rate of use by the concerned decision makers. Note, while referring to the case of Mali (ANPE), the urgency of implementing strategies of data collection on vocational training of the young people to increase their employability;

The participants:

1. Asked regional and international organizations to continue to advance towards the harmonization of the decent work statistics including employment statistics, in collaboration with the African Union Commission (AUC) within the framework of Strategy of Harmonization of Statistics for Africa (SHaSA); 2. Recognized the relevance of the indicators concerning decent work which includes child labour but requested these indicators to be treated on a hierarchical basis and those considered as most important to be refined and produced by formal/informal sector, industry, zone (urban/rural) and more crucially to be elaborated in an annual basis, in particular concerning the insertion on the labour markets; 3. Concerning the use of the population census as a means of data collection for employment statistics, participants expressed their concern about overloading

20 the questionnaires and data processing and requested the yearly occurrence of the employment surveys at national coverage and other instruments to measure decent work to be privileged as complementary to the census; 4. Recognizing the low frequency of the employment surveys and other instrument to measure decent work, the participants called upon the international organizations as well as regional and sub-regional institutions to mobilize funds necessary to the collection, the analysis and the distribution of the statistics on employment more frequently; 5. Called upon African countries to find ways of increasing national financial and human resources contribution to regular employment surveys and other sources of decent works, including administrative records; 6. With the aim of enriching and maintaining experience sharing, the participants asked partners and in particular the ECA to set up a network of experts on decent work and have it operational; 7. The participants called for the development of appropriate methodologies (including employment balance sheet) in line with the African countries realities with explicit definitions of the concepts; 8. The participants invited the countries to disseminate as largely as possible, at national and international levels, the results of their employment surveys; 9. Called upon ECA, Afristat and ILO to revisit the action plan of the StatCom- Africa Working Group on employment and informal sector to integrate ILO initiatives on labour statistics and decent work; 10. Called upon countries and African regional organizations to take stock of lessons learnt from other regions, particularly via the next Development Account on informal sector and employment to be implemented by the ACS during the period 2011-2012.

21 4. Annex 1: Agenda

Time Activity Responsible

Day 1

08:30 - 09:00 Registration 09:00 - 09:30 Session I Chair: MALI Official opening Welcoming Statements ECA Mr Oumar SARR UNSD Mrs Erlinda GO ILO Mrs Monica Castillo AFRISTAT Mr Martin Balepa Opening Statement Mali Excellence Mr. Ibrahima NDiaye, Ministre de l’Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle du Mali 09:30 – 09:50 Coffee Break

09:50 – 10:10 Session II: Presentation of the Agenda and the Objectives of the Workshop (Oumar SARR) African Centre for Statistics (ACS) Discussion and Adoption 10:10 – 13:00 Session III: Decent Work Chair : Mali The Decent Work measurement framework and sources of data (Monica Castillo, ILO Department of ILO Statistics)

Discussion

Institutional capacity, processes and outcomes in measuring Decent Work: Tanzania case study ILO (Tite Habiyakare, ILO-Pretoria) Discussion

Prise en compte des indicateurs du travail décent dans les enquêtes sur l’emploi et le secteur AFRISTAT informel (Siriki Coulibaly) Discussion 13:00 - 14:30 LUNCH BREAK 14:30 - 16:00 Session IV: Measuring Decent Work through Population and Housing Censuses Chair: Botswana Measurement of economically active population through population censuses, MDG Goal 1, and the UNSD 2010 Round of Censuses in Africa (Erlinda Go, UN Statistics Division)

Discussion 16:00 - 16:20 Coffee Break 16:20 – 17:30 Country cases Sudan, Niger

Discussion

Day 2

08:30 - 11:00 Session V: Measuring Decent Work through Labour Force Surveys Chair : Botswana Overview of survey arrangements, planning and topic coverage (Elisa Benes, ILO Department of ILO Statistics)

Réflexion sur les questions relatives au champ national de l’enquête sur l’emploi et le secteur AFRISTAT informel : prise en compte des activités du milieu rural et de la saisonnalité des emplois et des

22 activités (Ousman Koriko)

Discussion

11:00 – 11:20 Coffee Break 11:20 - 13:00 Session V: Cont'd Chair : Cameroun Country Cases Liberia, Mali Discussion 13:00 - 14:00 LUNCH BREAK 14:00 - 15:30 Session VI: Measuring Child Labour Chair : The Gambia Concepts & Definitions (Yacouba Diallo, ILO/IPEC) ILO/IPEC

National child labour surveys and data collection issues (Yacouba Diallo, ILO/IPEC) ILO/IPEC Discussion 15:30 - 15:50 Coffee Break 15:50 - 18:00 Session VI: Cont’d Chair : Burkina Faso Country Cases Rwanda, CAMEROON Tunisie, Uganda

Discussion Day 3

08:30 – 10:30 Session VII: Classification of Occupations Chair : Niger Overview of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) (David Hunter, ILO ILO Department of Statistics)

Data collection and coding (David Hunter, ILO Department of Statistics) Discussion 10:30 - 10:50 Coffee Break 10:50 - 12:30 Session VIII: Employment balance Sheet Chair : Ghana Overview of Concepts and Definitions, Method of Elabouration of Labour Input Matrix ACS/ECA Discussion(Gerard Osbert) 12:30 - 14:00 LUNCH BREAK 14:00 - 15:50 Session IX: Way forward/Panel discussion Chair : Mali StatCom-Africa Work Plan/Other initiatives and programmes ACS/AFRISTAT/ILO Discussion 15:50 - 16:10 Coffee Break 16:10 - 17:00 Conclusions/Recommendations Chair : Mali Discussion 17:00 - 17:20 Official Closing Chair : ECA

23 5. Annex 2: List of participants

N Titl Full Name Organization City Country Tele. No. Mobile No. E-mail o. e 1 Mr. Eden Central Gaborone Botswana 267 267 3952200 [email protected] Onyadile Statistics Office 3671300/ Botswana 267 3934968 2 Mr. Selase Ghana Accra Ghana 24336408 24336408 [email protected] Assemsuro Statistical Services 3 Mr. Cheikh l'Office National Nouakchott Mauritania 222 525 222 653.23.72 [email protected]/ch_ahmed_05@yah Ahmed Ould de la statistique 2880/ 222 oo.fr Hamoud 525 30 70/ Poste 221

4 Mr. Alain TAKEU Institut National Yaounde Cameroon 237 22 22 (00237) 75 27 [email protected] NGUELA de la Statistique 0445 14 85 du Cameroon 5 Mr. Yusuff Sarnoh Liberia Instiute Monrovia Liberia 231 6 626 231 6 626 640 [email protected] of Statistics and 640 Geo-Information Services ( LISGIS) 6 Mr. Souleymane Institut National Niamey Niger 227 20 72 227 96 59 31 35 [email protected]/ [email protected] Alzouma de la Statistique 35 60 / 227 90 430100

7 Mr. Vincent Uganda Bureau Kampala Uganda 256 256 773 312 vincent. [email protected]/ Ssennono of Statistics 41476111/ 792/256701312 [email protected] 792 8 Mr. James National Kigali Rwanda 250 252 250 788845042 [email protected]/ Byiringiro Institute of 571035 [email protected] Statistics of Rwanda 9 Mr. Yemen Helel Institut National Tunis Tunisia 216 216 99 41 4013 [email protected] de la Statistique 71891002 10 Ms. Shahinaz Central Bureau Khartoum Sudan 243 83 777 249 909010928 [email protected] Mustafa Idris of Statistic 131 Fald Elmula 11 Mr. Felix K. Institut National Ouagadougo Burkina 226 76 64 22671684209 [email protected] Bonkoungou de la Statistique u Faso 98 69 et de la demographie 12 Mr. Benson Kenya National Nairobi Kenya 254 20 254 0721 [email protected]/[email protected] Karugu Bureau of 317583/6 355189 m Statistics 13 Mr. Macoumba ANSD Dakar Senegal 221 77 573 221 775738395 [email protected]/ Diouf 83 95 [email protected]

14 Mr. Wally Hadre Gambia Bureau Banjul The 220 43 77 220 71 2796 [email protected] Ndow of Statistics Gambia 847

15 Mr. Adama Diallo INSTAT Bamako Mali 76 02 45 27 76024527 [email protected]

24 16 Mr. Modibo Koly ANPE/DOEF Bamako Mali 223 20 23 223 66 96 3277 [email protected] Keita 59 45

17 Mr. Siriki Zanga Afristat Bamako Mali [email protected] COULIBALY 18 Mr. Ousman Afristat Bamako Mali [email protected] KORIKO 19 Ms. Emnet Tezera UNECA Addis Ababa Ethiopia 25111 [email protected] 5443253 20 Mr. Oumar Sarr UNECA Addis Ababa Ethiopia [email protected]

21 Mr. Gerard Osbert UNECA Addis Ababa Ethiopia 251 11 [email protected] 5445513

22 Ms. Elisa Benes ILO Geneva Switzerlan 41 22 799 [email protected] d 8087

23 Mr. Yacouba ILO Geneva Switzerlan 41 22 799 [email protected] Diallo d 6350

24 Ms. Erlinda Go UNSD New York USA 1 212 963 [email protected] 4507

25 Ms. Monica ILO Geneva Switzerlan [email protected] Castillo d

26 Mr. David Hunter ILO Geneva Switzerlan [email protected] d

27 Mr. Tite ILO- DWT- Pretoria South 271281880 27 733 68 58 52 [email protected] Habiyakare Pretoria Africa 49

28 Mr. Honore ILO - EDT-Dakar Dakar Senegal 221 33 889 221 77222 [email protected] Djerma 2989 0211

29 Mr. Yves Bourdet Universite Lund Lund Suede Yves.bourdet@ Nek.lu.se

25