Round 4 Tossups

2005 Chicago Open Round 4 Tossups

1. One fortune is lost in this novel with some foolish speculating on a venture involving refrigerated shipping of vegetables and one fortune is gained by a character who buys beans low and sells them high during wartime. The latter fortune is made with the help of Will Hamilton, whose father Samuel is a neighbor and friend of the central family. It is Samuel’s revelation of Cathy Ames’ current station that sets several characters on their course. By the end Cathy has ender her life as a madam and prostitute and her eldest son Aron has died in World War I. However, Abra and Cal seem destined for a better life. FTP, name this novel about Adam Trask and his family, a retelling of the Cain and Abel story by John Steinbeck. Answer: East of Eden

2. On his third campaign he secured control of the city of Sicyon. His military education is believed to have been drawn from Lysis the Pythagorean, and he employed some of those tactics to great effect in helping procure the freedom of his longtime colleague from the tyrant Alexander of Pherae. On his second campaign he liberated the Messenians, just a year after he started a war by refusing to surrender the Boeotian [bay-oh-shun] cities under his control. Nine years later, and seven years after the death of his friend Pelopidas, he died of wounds suffered at Mantinea. FTP, name this general who defeated the Spartans at Leuctra in 371 BC, leading Thebes to victory. Answer: Epaminondas

3. This maxim has been supplanted by the more recently theorized Pariser-Parr-Pople Method. It accounts for why buckminsterfullerene undergoes electrophilic reactions like an alkene, and was first described in 1931. The first part of it requires that the compound be both planar and cyclic, which buckyballs violated. It also required that there be an uninterrupted cloud of the involved particles both above and below the plane of the molecule. FTP, name this rule that states that a compound must have 4N plus 2 pi electrons, where N is an integer, in order for that compound to be considered aromatic. Answer: Huckel’s Rule

4. She played an online journalist who worked with Steve Zahn at Forbes Digital in Shattered Glass and won the very first episode of Season 2 on Bravo’s Celebrity Poker Showdown. Earlier roles included a teacher once married to David Krumholtz and who gets pregnant with an unknowing Ed Burns’ baby in Sidewalks of New York. Her turn as a rebel leader against Christopher Walken’s tyranny appeared in a movie starring the Rock, The Rundown, and she has most recently appeared as Clive Owen’s former lover and the leader of the prostitutes in Sin City. FTP, name this woman who also played Roxane, the title character’s mistress, in Alexander, an actress of Puerto Rican and Cuban descent. Answer: Rosario Dawson

5. William was the first British governor of New Zealand. Peter is a child psychologist and specialist on autism and the author of The Cradle of Thought. Samuel was a political scientist who advanced the Guild Socialist movement with his 1912 work National Guilds. John was an economist who gave the leading economic interpretation of new imperialist expansion in his 1902 work Imperialism. Laura was a writer best-known for her 1947 novel Gentleman’s Agreement, and Thomas was a 16th- century Englishman who kept a livery stable. FTP, give the surname shared by these people, the last of whom originated a namesake apparently free choice that offers no real alternative. Answer: Hobson

6. In the second scene a group of women enter dressed as Amazons and dance for the gathered feasters. In the next scene the title character is confronted by the subordinates of Isidore and Varro, and the shrewder Caphis. The middle act ends with another feast, though this time all that is served is stones in boiling water. An unspecified time passes before the title character is once again engaged by Apemantus in the penultimate act and before he discerns that his former servant Flavius is the only honest man he knew. He also finances Alcibiades’ planned invasion with some of the gold he discovered in the hills. FTP, name this play about the monetary circumstances of a Greek nobleman, a work by Shakespeare. Answer: Timon of Athens 7. On his second trip he heard of a mythical rich land called Saguenay to the far north. He was able to glean information despite enmity earned by his kidnapping of Chief Donnacona’s sons at the end of his first trip. On his final voyage he attempted to find the mythical land but only made it as far as the Lachine Rapids near the village of Hocholega, one of his major discoveries. He returned to Europe marred by his abandonment of his superior, the sieur de Roberval, and could not gain any more funds from Francis I. FTP, identify this French explorer who explored the Saint Lawrence River and gave Canada its name. Answer: Jacques Cartier

8. Currently clinical trials for treatment of adults with this disease are being conducted with the drug Ampakine CX516, while other treatment research concentrates on the use of antagonists of the neural receptor mGlur [em-glerr]. In the majority of cases between 6 and 53 repeats of the C-G-G sequence have been found. That trinucleotide expansion occurs on one end of the FMR-1 gene, whose improper expression is believed to be the primary cause. It affects approximately 1 in 2000 males and is also known as Martin-Bell syndrome. FTP, identify this most common cause of inherited mental retardation, which involves a creation of the namesake sites on the namesake chromosome. Answer: Fragile X syndrome (accept Martin-Bell before it is mentioned)

9. Barely visible in the far background is a portion of a brick wall, indicating the area depicted was to be a private one. This painting’s origin lay in a commission that was given to the artist upon the recommendation of Gabriel Doyen, who refused to paint the scene. The water-chariot of Venus drawn by dolphins and driven by cupids is the subject of the sculptural group at the bottom center, while another sculpture on the far left shows a cupid with a finger raised to his lips. The reclining figure on the bottom left holds out his hat and left hand to the central figure, whose slipper is poised in mid-air having flown off her foot. FTP, name this Rococo scene of outdoor frivolity, considered the masterwork of Jean-Honore Fragonard. Answer: The Swing

10. The name’s the same. One was the son of Argyphia and Aegyptus who married one of the Danaides. Another revealed that by sacrificing cattle to the gods, bees could be created, a secret he told to Aristaeus. That figure was sacrificed to by Peleus and gave Peleus the final method by which the mortal could ensnare Thetis. Among his children were Telegonus and Polygonus and Eidothea, who betrayed him. Another was married to Stheneboea, and attempted to use his father-in-law Iobates to ensure the demise of Bellerophon. The second lived on the island of Pharos, off Egypt, and instructed Menelaus on how to return home. FTP, give the common name, the best-known of which was the shape-shifting and prophetic “Old Man of the Sea” in Greek myth. Answer: Proteus

11. Among the mistresses in this novel are a 14-year-old girl named America and the daughter of a local reverend, Barbara Lynch. The protagonist used to observe his love daily in the Park of Evangels and despite his obsession for her he is unable to keep his undisclosed promise of virginity as he succumbs to the advances of Rosalba. It opens with the death of Jeremiah St. Amour, the frequent chess competitor of another character who dies from a fall while climbing after his pet parrot. That second death leaves the path open for the fulfillment of the protagonist’s unrequited 51-year-long love. FTP, name this novel in which the death of Dr. Juvenal Urbino provides Florentino Ariza his chance to once again pursue Fermina Daza, a work by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Answer: Love in the Time of Cholera (or El amor en los tiempos del colera)

12. At its founding, this group was controlled by power delegated to 50 equal leaders. Within 100 years it had conquered the Andaste and within another 100 years, it was fractured for the first time with one faction led by Joseph Brant. However that faction was decimated by General John Sullivan at Elmira, and five years later, this group effectively ceased to exist when it signed the Second Treaty of Fort Stanwix. Tradition claims it was formed between 1570 and 1600 under the auspices of Dekanawidah. 200 years later, half of its members had moved to either Canada or Wisconsin. Including the Tuscarora and the Cayuga, FTP, name this union of six Indian tribes from New York state. Answer: Iroquois League or Iroquois Confederacy (accept prompt on “Five Nations” or “Six Nations”) 13. Feynman uses the example of a man on a beach trying to save a beautiful girl who has just fallen out of a boat as an example of this principle, which is responsible for, among other things, the apparent location of the sun being displaced at sunset and mirages in the desert. Despite the name, it should more accurately be stated that a slight change in the path will not change the overall time. Snell’s law can be easily derived from it, and it is simply a consequence of the principle of least action for the case of light. FTP, what is this principle derived by Fermat describing the path that light will take? Answer: Fermat’s principle of least time (prompt on early “refraction” or “Snell’s law”; accept early “principle of least action”)

14. In Rome he completed his unpublished Latin poem Anti-Lucretius, and upon his return home he wrote several minor works, including his Temple of Gnide and his Dialogue of Sylla and Eucrate. He died leaving a 25-year effort, his Essay on Taste, unfinished. His major work introduced the doctrine of “climate,” which he had touched upon in two earlier books, Reflections on Universal Monarchy and Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline. In another work, written as an allegory of the Troglodytes, he satirized Parisian society. FTP, name this 18th-century philosopher and author of Persian Letters and The Spirit of the Laws. Answer: Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu

15. Among its highest peaks are the rugged bastion of the Ouarsensis Massif, the Great Kabylie, which lies east of the gap formed by the Moulouya River, to the west of which lies another high peak, Mount Tidirhine. One of its subsections is composed of the Tebessa and Medjerda ranges, while another has its tallest point at Mount Toubkal. The Aures are a much smaller division than its northern section, which is known as the Tell. Forming the geologic backbone of the countries of the Maghrib, FTP, name this range whose southern section is known as the Saharan and which runs across northwestern Africa. Answer: Atlas Mountains

16. It opens with the narrator claiming he will mimic Heliogabalus in showering the Reader with the “high French and Italian Seasoning of Affectation and Vice” in presenting his cuisine of “human nature.” The novel proper begins by introducing a central character’s sister and his servant Deborah Wilkins. The complicated conflict resolution at the end reveals that Mr. Fitzpatrick is still alive, Jenny Jones is actually Mrs. Waters, the title character’s true mother is Miss Bridget, and the true reason for the title character’s offer of marriage to Lady Bellaston. In addition, despite his scheming Blifil is offered an annuity and the title character wins the hand of Sophia Western. FTP, identify this novel about the ward of Squire Allworthy, the title “foundling” created by Henry Fielding. Answer: The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

17. One of several facts related by Cesare Cantu in his major history of this organization is that many of its prominent captured leaders were taken to a special wing of Spillberk Castle. Saint-Amand Bazard was one of the few original foreign members and helped found a French version which appended the words “Democratique Universalle” and counted Lafayette among its leaders. The origins are believed to have been under Joachim Murat’s rule when several Freemason club members banded together to form numerous cells, and within the next five years they were inciting revolts in Spain and Piedmont. Coming from the native for “charcoal burner,” FTP, name this secret society of the early 19th-century that flourished in Naples and eventually all of Italy. Answer: Carbonari (or Carbonara)

18. The Reynolds-averaged version of these equations are time-averaged and can be used to find approximate time-averaged solutions. One of the Clay Mathematics Institute’s million-dollar prizes is for determining whether smooth initial conditions always lead to smooth, physical solutions to these equations at all future times, as these equations are impossible to solve analytically except for the very simplest questions. FTP, what is this set of equations, the most complete description of fluid mechanics? Answer: Navier-Stokes equations

19. The third movement is a conventional minuet and trio in A major likely drawn from Goethe’s poem “Lilis Park.” The main theme in the second movement is a source of controversy as it is either believed to be taken from a Czech pilgrim song or from Zelter’s song “The King in Thule.” The finale was inspired by a lively dance that features a lot of hopping and jumping and thus named “Saltarello.” It was completed in 1833, three years after the work nicknamed “Reformation” though it is numbered just before. FTP, name this work meant to evoke the titular place, a symphony by Felix Mendelssohn. Answer: the Italian Symphony or Mendelssohn’s Symphony No. 4 in A Major (do not need his name or the word “symphony” after they are mentioned) 20. Two sections of lines form this poem’s third part are drawn from the 13th and 14th “revelations” of Julian of Norwich. Its first part considers a place where man can encounter the “intersection of the timeless,” and its second part opens with a lyric on the death of the elements. Two stanzas describing love as the chief tormenter of men and a dove with a tongue of fire make it up its fourth part, and the work concludes by beginning “What we call the beginning is often the end” and “the fire and rose are one.” FTP, identify this poem named after a 17th-century Anglican monastery, the last of T.S. Eliot’s “Four Quartets.” Answer: “Little Gidding” 2005 Chicago Open Round 4 Bonuses

1. Answer these questions about the flip-flop, FTP each: A. The simplest kind of flip-flop can be made by cross-coupling two of this kind of logic gate. Answer: NAND (do not accept or prompt on “AND”) B. The most widely used kind of flip-flop, the D-type, uses this kind of signal to determine when to accept the incoming data. Answer: clock C. Tying the Q-bar output of a D-type flip-flop to its input will produce an output signal whose frequency is related to the input clock by this ratio. Answer: 1/2 or equivalents

2. Name these figures who really hated the Albigensians, FTP each: A. She pressed her husband Louis VIII into serving in a crusade against the Cathars, whom she oppressed while ruling as regent for her son Louis IX, or Saint Louis. Answer: Blanche of Castile B. This pope went so far as to call the Albigensian Crusade, which was one of two crusades during his pontificate, the other being the Fourth. Answer: Innocent III (or Lothar of Segni or Lotario di Segni) C. The papal move against the Albigensians began with a series of writs issued by this man, Innocent III’s predecessor. Answer: Celestine III (or Giacinto Bobone or Bobo-Orisini)

3. Name these early Northern painters, FTP each: A. His small devotional images included Mater Dolorosa, but he was best known for his two panels of Justice of Emperor Otto and his 1465 Last Supper altarpiece, one of the first Northern works to use a vanishing point. Answer: Dirk Bouts [bootz] B. It is still unclear exactly how much of the Ghent altarpiece was finished by this man and how much by his brother Hubert. Answer: Jan van Eyck C. Thought to be a pupil of Jan van Eyck, his major works are his Lamentation modeled on van der Weyden’s Deposition and his portrait Edward Grimston. Answer: Petrus Christus

4. He said “because Byron beat me” when asked why he turned to prose fiction and gave up narrative poetry despite the success of Marmion and The Lady of the Lake. FTP each— A. Name this author, who went on to write such novels as The Heart of Midlothian and Rob Roy. Answer: Sir Walter Scott B. The best-known of the three novels in Sir Walter Scott’s Chronicles of Canongate, this Highland tale focuses on Hugh Morrison and Robin, the title characters. Answer: The Two Drovers C. To date the best, because it’s the only one he’s read, biography Subash has read of Scott is a 1932 one by this novelist of The Thirty-Nine Steps. Answer: John Buchan

5. Name these things about Indonesian geography, FTP each: A. The country’s largest island, which it shares with Malaysia and Brunei. Answer: Borneo B. Give the name for the part of Borneo that belongs to Indonesia. Answer: Kalimantan C. This island, the largest in eastern Indonesia and the fourth largest island of which Indonesia owns part, is separated from Borneo by the Makasar Strait. Answer: Celebes or Sulawesi 6. Name these things about mRNA, FTP each- A. In prokaryotes the AUG codon calls for the modified formyl variety of this amino acid, which also begins the process in eukaryotes. Answer: methionine B. In bacterial mRNA this is the sequence that signals initiation of protein synthesis. It contains only purines and base-pairs with a region of the 16s rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit. Answer: Shine-Dalgarno sequence C. Before mRNA is ready to be translated it must undergo this process, in which a sequence of several hundred nucleotides of the namesake purine is added to the three prime end of the pre-mRNA. It increases the half-life of the transcript. Answer: polyadenylation [the purine being adenine]

7. Name these things related to the Irish Home Rule movement in the late 19th-century, FTP each: A. The leader of the Irish home rule movement in the 1880s, he was also president of the National Land League. His political power waned after his adulterous relationship with Kitty O’Shea was discovered. Answer: Charles Stewart Parnell B. Parnell was initially accused of involvement in the May 1882 murders of Lord Cavendish and his undersecretary in this Dublin location. The murders had been carried out by the nationalist terrorist group The Invincibles. Answer: Phoenix Park C. The Phoenix Park murders were committed to protest this 1881 bill that gave the lord lieutenant of Ireland power to arrest any person on mere suspicion of treason, intimidation, and the like. Answer: Coercion Act

8. Name these writers who have written on a similar theme, FTP each: A. Reverse chronology hints at the repressiveness of the Rafael Trujillo Dominican regime and its role in causing the titular family to flee to America in this woman’s How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. Answer: Julia Alvarez B. In her poem “Parsley” she tries to conjecture why Trujillo ordered the death of 50,000 Haitian cane cutters because they could not pronounce the Spanish r correctly. Answer: Rita Dove C. His novel The Feast of the Goat is set during Trujillo’s rule. His most recent novel, The Way to Paradise, is another historical work, though about Paul Gauguin and his grandmother Flora Tristan. Answer: Mario Vargas Llosa

9. Given these Mesopotamian or Egyptian mythical figures, name their mother and father, for 5 points per parent: A. Gilgamesh. Note that two answers are possible for his father. Answer: Ninsun [mother] and Lugalbanda OR Lillu B. Marduk Answer: Damkina [mother] and Ea C. Osiris Answer: Nut (or Nuit) [mother] and Geb (or Seb)

10. Name these related linguists, FTP each: A. This American was noted for his studies of Native American languages and the theory that the limits of a language restrict the scope of possible thought of its speakers, which is known by his name and that of his best-known student. Answer: Edward Sapir B. Sapir spoke deprecatingly of this man’s “sophomoric psychology” and died the year before this man took over his post at Yale in 1940. He introduced a behaviorist approach to linguistics with his major work 1933’s Language. Answer: Leonard Bloomfield C. Sapir corresponded extensively with this Russian prince and linguist on issues of phonology. Considered the founder of morphophonology, this man’s major work was the posthumous Principles of Phonology. Answer: Nikolay Trubetzkoy 11. They usually have the general formula (CH2O)n [MODERATOR: indicate that all the elements are in parentheses], where n is a whole number between three and eight. FTP each— A. Name this class of compounds which are divided into aldoses and ketoses. Answer: monosaccharides or simple sugars (prompt on “sugars” or “saccharides”) B. This triose has formula C3H6O3 and is an intermediate product in carbohydrate metabolism. Its triose analogue is dihydroxyacetone. Answer: glyceraldehyde C. Like glyceraldehydes, this keto-pentose exists in D and L forms. The Calvin cycle begins and ends with a phosphate variant of it. Answer: ribulose

12. Name these historians who wrote on the French Revolution, FTP each: A. In 1856 he wrote The Old Regime and the Revolution, more than 15 years after finishing the second volume of his work On Democracy, commonly known as Democracy in America. Answer: Alexis de Tocqueville (also accept “de Tocqueville”) B. Chair of French Revolutionary history at the Sorbonne from 1937-45, his two-volume The French Revolution ushered in a Marxist approach to the entire era. Answer: Georges Lefebvre C. The French Revolution constitutes volumes two through four of this man’s late 19th-century six-volume Origins of Contemporary France, considered the first French social history. Answer: Hippolyte Taine

13. Name these late 19th-century American novelists, FTP each: A. Her novel Iola Leroy, or The Shadow Uplifted, tells the story of a biracial woman who is freed from slavery and serves as a nurse during the Civil War. Answer: Frances E.W. Harper B. He brought the French naturalist tradition to America with the 1899 publication of McTeague. The first novel in his planned “Epic of Wheat,” The Octopus, followed two years later. Answer: Frank Norris C. His fame rests chiefly on his novel about the downfall of the titular Methodist preacher, The Damnation of Theron Ware. Answer: Harold Frederic

14. She had won 6 out of 8 starts before failing to win her third major in a row at the US Open at Cherry Hills. FTP each— A. Name this #1 ranked women’s golfer in the world. Answer: Annika Sorenstam [she has a sister named Charlotta, but I’m not going to prompt] B. The US Open was one by this South Korean who had her first named changed to distinguish her from all the other players on the LPGA with the same surname. Give her current first and last name. Answer: Birdie Kim C. Michelle Wie imploded with a final round 82, leaving this 17-year-old, the #1 ranked amateur in the country and the second place finisher, as the low amateur in the event. Answer: Morgan Pressel

15. Name these musical works dealing with Napoleon, FTP each: A. The title character of this Zoltan Kodaly opera is a boastful raconteur who brags of having an affair with Marie Louise and his single-handed defeat of Napoleon. Answer: Hary Janos B. Originally dedicated to Napoleon was this 1803-04 work composed to “celebrate the memory of a great man.” Answer: Eroica Symphony or Symphony No. 3 in E major C. Napoleon was traveling to see an opera by this composer when a bomb exploded near his carriage. Of his 15 known operas the best-known were La Vera constanza, his first Acis and Galatee, and the heroic drama Armida. Answer: (Franz) Joseph Haydn 16. Identify these NP-complete problems: A. For 5 points, In this popular classic Windows game, finding whether a given arrangement is valid is an NP-complete problem. Answer: Minesweeper B. For 5 points, Finding the shortest path for the eponymous title figure is probably the most canonical NP-complete problem. Answer: decision traveling salesman (or salesperson) problem C. For 10 points, This classic problem of maximizing the total value of a group of objects given a certain cost for each object and a total cost is NP-complete. Answer: decision knapsack problem D. For 10 points, This problem involves finding a set of k vertices on a graph such that each has an edge connecting it to the other vertices. Ans: k-clique problem

17. Name these things about tumultuous trade in the early 19th-century, FTP each: A. By the terms of this 1807 law, the U.S. forbade all international trade to and from American ports. It was later superseded by the NonIntercourse Act and Macon’s Bill No. 2. Answer: Embargo Act B. The Embargo Act was a partial response to Napoleon’s Continental System meant to kill British trade and promulgated via two decrees in namesake European cities. Give those cities. Answer: Berlin and Milan decrees C. The Embargo Act was a stronger version of this law that had been passed in April 1806 and which forbade the British shipments of specified goods to America. Answer: NonImportation Act

18. It ends with Frank Alpine going to the hospital and getting circumcised. FTP each— A. Name this novel in which Alpine ends up reforming his ways after his equally destructive and helpful interference in the lives of Morris and Helen Bober. Answer: The Assistant B. This author of God’s Grace, Dubin’s Lives, and The Natural wrote The Assistant. Answer: Bernard Malamud C. The Assistant was Malamud’s first publication after the release of this book of 13 short stories. It includes tales with literary allusions such as “The Last Mohican” and “The Lady of the Lake.” Answer: The Magic Barrel

19. Including such sections as “The Prevailing Opinion of Sexual Character Discussed,” it was written in six weeks of intense effort. FTP each— A. Name this 1792 work by Mary Wollstonecraft, her defense of the underprivileged and her own sex. Answer: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman B. Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man was a response to this man’s 1790 work Reflections on the Revolution in France. Answer: Edmund Burke C. Before marrying William Godwin, Wollstonecraft had a child with this American author, whose The Emigrants was one of the first American novels. Wollstonecraft attempted suicide after he left her. Answer: Gilbert Imlay

20. Identify these measuring devices you might use in the lab, FTP each: A. Please don’t connect these devices in parallel; their small internal resistance means you will quite likely destroy them. Answer: ammeters B. These handy sensors allow measurement of the current without having to insert a meter into the circuit. They can also be used to measure motion or act as switches. Answer: Hall effect meters or sensors C. These devices are essentially specialized oscilloscopes optimized for measuring digital circuits. Answer: logic analyzers