Journal of Mammalian Evolution

Taxonomic boundaries and craniometric variation in the treeshrews (Scandentia, Tupaiidae) from the Palawan faunal region

Eric J. Sargis1,2, Kyle K. Campbell3, Link E. Olson3

1 Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

2 Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

3 University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA

Correspondence Eric J. Sargis, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520, USA e-mail: [email protected]

1 Online Resource 1

Univariate Results

Student’s t-test results comparing Tupaia moellendorffi (Tm) and T. palawanensis (Tp). See Table 5 for measurement abbreviations and descriptions Tm valid Measurement Tm mean Tp mean t-value df p n Tp valid n Tm SD Tp SD F-ratio Variances p Variances 1. CPL 43.80 45.10 -3.48 96.00 0.00075 16 82 0.88 1.44 2.64 0.04 2. CIL 43.22 44.53 -3.42 88.00 0.00096 15 75 0.96 1.42 2.15 0.11 3. UTL 24.39 25.29 -4.17 99.00 0.00006 20 81 0.66 0.91 1.87 0.12 106.0 16.41 17.15 -5.02 0.00000 22 86 0.40 0.66 2.78 0.01 4. MTL 0 5. EPL 31.80 32.77 -2.85 74.00 0.00568 17 59 0.85 1.32 2.40 0.06 6. PPL 25.75 26.67 -4.18 83.00 0.00007 21 64 0.63 0.94 2.21 0.05 7. EB 10.70 10.85 -0.69 34.00 0.49571 8 28 0.46 0.57 1.58 0.55 8. MB 17.40 17.65 -1.52 84.00 0.13171 16 70 0.35 0.62 3.09 0.02 103.0 16.73 17.45 -4.83 0.00000 22 83 0.53 0.64 1.46 0.33 9. LB 0 122.0 13.30 13.78 -3.25 0.00147 25 99 0.55 0.68 1.54 0.22 10. LIB 0 11. ZB 23.99 24.52 -2.38 91.00 0.01938 18 75 0.52 0.91 3.03 0.01 12. BB 18.40 18.61 -1.92 97.00 0.05787 17 82 0.44 0.40 1.20 0.57 13. LPL 47.39 48.62 -3.31 98.00 0.00130 19 81 0.98 1.55 2.51 0.03 14. CNL 42.17 43.42 -3.61 88.00 0.00050 16 74 0.80 1.33 2.81 0.03 115.0 31.25 32.19 -4.00 0.00011 23 94 0.70 1.07 2.33 0.03 15. PBPL 0 116.0 20.91 21.96 -5.16 0.00000 23 95 0.65 0.92 1.98 0.07 16. LTPL 0 17. LCH 11.85 12.02 -1.51 90.00 0.13361 16 76 0.28 0.43 2.34 0.07 118.0 12.61 13.28 -4.34 0.00003 23 97 0.54 0.69 1.63 0.19 18. MH 0 19. MCH 8.37 8.82 -4.17 121.0 0.00006 24 99 0.37 0.49 1.75 0.13

2 0 124.0 3.08 3.21 -1.77 0.07884 24 102 0.23 0.33 2.02 0.06 20. MCW 0 103.0 34.33 35.28 -3.18 0.00197 21 84 0.77 1.32 2.95 0.01 21. MCIL 0 22. LTL 22.76 23.48 -3.60 96.00 0.00051 21 77 0.56 0.87 2.42 0.03

3 Multivariate Results

Factor loadings from PCA of population means. See Table 5 for measurement abbreviations and descriptions Measurement Factor 1 Factor 2 1. CPL -0.998 -0.061 2. CIL -0.998 -0.051 3. UTL -0.990 -0.104 4. MTL -0.994 -0.026 5. EPL -0.979 0.201 6. PPL -0.994 -0.088 7. EB -0.815 0.427 8. MB -0.945 -0.184 9. LB -0.969 0.123 10. LIB -0.988 0.082 11. ZB -0.926 0.159 12. BB -0.298 -0.925 13. LPL -0.993 -0.116 14. CNL -0.991 0.096 15. PBPL -0.997 -0.012 16. LTPL -0.986 -0.048 17. LCH -0.987 -0.001 18. MH -0.992 -0.117 19. MCH -0.978 -0.179 20. MCW -0.953 0.277 21. MCIL -0.997 0.067 22. LTL -0.996 -0.075

4 Individuals

Factor loadings from PCA of individuals. See Table 5 for measurement abbreviations and descriptions Factor Measurement Factor 1 2 3. UTL -0.945 0.262 4. MTL -0.860 0.387 6. PPL -0.952 0.099 9. LB -0.802 -0.295 10. LIB -0.827 -0.287 15. PBPL -0.936 0.065 16. LTPL -0.960 -0.038 18. MH -0.852 -0.258 19. MCH -0.745 -0.545 20. MCW -0.704 -0.129 21. MCIL -0.831 0.222 22. LTL -0.884 0.347