Tense Shows the Time of an Action. Its Degree of Completeness

The word Tense comes from the Latin word tempus which means time. What is Tense? Tense shows the time of an action. Its degree of completeness. They appear at examination. They appeared at examination. They will appear at examination KINDS OF TENSE Q. How many kinds of tense are there? A. There are three kinds of tense Present tense Past tense Future tense PRESENT TENSE Q. What is present tense? A. Present Tense denotes or shows action in the present time. Or A verb that denotes Present time is said to be in the Present Tense. Examples: She cooks meal. John teaches English Grammar. In the above sentences cooking and teaching are done in present time. Q. How many kinds of Present Tense are there? A. There are four kinds of Present tense. 1 PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE 2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 3 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 4 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1 PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Q. What is Present Simple Tense? A. Present simple tense denotes action simply without saying about completeness or incompleteness of the action. It denotes universal truth, habitual truth, poetic truth, Scientific truth, habit and reality. Examples: He plays cricket. The Earth moves round the sun. The Sun rises in the east. God helps those who help themselves. Q.1 How to form Present Simple Tense? A. Subject + FV1 + object. Examples: She loves her country. They speak English. Q. Use of S or ES or Where to use S or ES? A. If subject is third person singular noun (India, Ram, Delhi,) or third person singular Pronoun TENSE

(he, she, it, this, that etc) s or es is used at the end of the verb and change verb into singular form. Examples: India wins the match. He respects his teacher. She sings a song. NOTE Verb must be according to number and person of subject. 1 Singular subject is followed by singular verb. Examples: John stands first position in his class. It barks at stranger. 2 Plural subject is followed by plural verb. Examples: Japan and France help each other. They learn Grammar. Page 9 of 41 NEGATIVE SENTENCE Q. How to form negative sentence of Present simple tense? A. Subject+ AV (do/does) +not+FV1+object. Examples: India does not win the match. She does not take lunch. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1 First starts with AV (auxiliary verb) do, does. 2 Second starts with IP (interrogative pronoun) which, when, how Where, why, who etc. Q. 1 How to form interrogative sentence with auxiliary verbs? A. AV (does, do) + subject+FV1 (first form of finite verb)+object? Examples: Does Ram play cricket? Does she learn English? Do they help poor? Q. 2 How to form interrogative sentence with interrogative pronoun? A. IP (which, how, where, why, when etc) +AV (do, does)+subject+FV1+object? Examples: Why does Ram play cricket? Where do they learn English? Interrogative Negative sentence Why does Ram not play cricket? PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE What is Present continuous tense? PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE denotes action going on in the Present time OR Page 10 of 41 TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE denotes imperfection or incompleteness of an action in the present time. Examples: U.S.A. is helping Pakistan. She is running business. Q. How to form present continuous tense? A. Subject+ AV (is, are, am)+FV4+object. The prime minister is distributing prize Use of ( IS/ ARE/AM) IS for third person singular noun (Delhi, Haryana, Mohan etc) and third person singular Pronoun (he / she /it /this /that etc). Examples: Haryana is developing rapidly. Mohan is taking tea. She is serving her mother. Are is used for third person plural noun (Delhi & Mumbai, Ram & Mohan) Third person plural pronoun (they, these, those,) second person plural and singular Pronoun you and first person plural pronoun we. Examples: Ram & Mohan are speaking English. These students are preparing for examination. You are serving the country. We are going on leave. Use of AM Am used for first person singular pronoun I. I am respecting my constitution. How to form negative sentence? Subject +AV (is/are/am) +not+ fv4+ object. He is not doing hard work. How to form interrogative sentence? There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1 One starts with AV (auxiliary verb). Page 11 of 41 2 Second starts with IP (interrogative pronoun). How to form interrogative sentence with AV? AV (is/ are/ am) + subject + FV4 + object? Examples: Are they helping their neighbour? Is he loving his country? How to form interrogative sentence with interrogative pronoun (IP)? TENSE

IP (How/when/where/why/which/who)+AV(is/are/am)+subject+fv4+object? Examples: How is Ram playing cricket? When is Ram going to America? PRESENT PERFECT TENSE What is present perfect tense? Present Perfect Tense denotes perfection of an action or completeness of an action in the present time. Examples: I have taken lunch. She has done her home work. How to form Present perfect tense? Subject + AV (has/have) + fv3 + object. He has done his homework. Use of Has and Have Has is used for third person singular noun Ram, Delhi , India And third person singular pronoun he, she, it, this, that etc. Ram has won the match. He has solved his problem She has stood first in the class. Have is used for third person plural noun Mohan and Johan, India and Pakistan, third person plural pronoun they, these, those, Second person singular and plural pronoun You and first person singular pronoun I and first person plural Pronoun we. Page 12 of 41 Examples: India and Pakistan have settled mutual dispute. They have taken lunch. You have returned from London. I have written a letter. We have organised the meeting. How to form negative sentence? Subject +AV (has, have)+not+FV3+object. The principal has not supervised the class. How to form interrogative sentence? There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1 One starts with AV (has/have). 2 Second starts with IP (which/what/ how/ where/ when/why etc). How to form sentence with AV.? AV (has/ have) + Subject + FV3 + object? Has Ram taken medicine? TENSE

Have we appeared at examination? How to form interrogative sentence with IP (interrogative pronoun)? IP (WHICH/WHAT/HOW/WHEN/WHERE/WHY ETC) +AV (has/have) + subject+FV3+object? Examples: Why has he gone to America? When has he returned from bank? PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE What is present perfect continuous tense? Work started in past continues in present is called present perfect continuous tense. Examples: She has been serving his country for many years. Page 13 of 41 India has been helping Pakistan since1948. How to form present perfect continuous tense? Subject+ AV(has/have)+been+FV4(fv1+ing)+ object +for/since +etc. Example: She has been serving her parents since January. Use of has been and have been. Has been—singular Have been—plural Has been is used for third person singular noun Delhi/India/ John etc, third person singular pronoun he, she, it, this, that etc. Have been is used for third person plural noun John and Jack, England and America, third person plural pronoun, they, these, Those, second person plural pronoun you, first person singular Pronoun I and first person plural pronoun we. Examples: John and Jack have been appearing at examination. They have been doing their homework since Monday. We have been running business for five years. You have been respecting your teacher since childhood. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject + AV (has/have)+not+been+FV4+object+for/since + etc. Example: He has not been smoking since Friday. How to form interrogative sentence? There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. TENSE

One starts with AV(auxiliary verb). Second starts with IP(interrogative pronoun). How to form interrogative sentence with AV? Page 14 of 41 AV(has/have)+subject+been+FV4+object+for/since + etc? Example: Has dog been barking since morning? How to form interrogative sentence with IP(INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN)? IP(which/what/how/when etc)+AV(has/have) +subject +been+FV4 +object +for/since+ etc? Where has Ram been playing cricket since morning? PAST TENSE What is past tense? Past tense denotes or shows action in the past time. Examples: He wrote a letter.She did her class work. KINDS OF PAST TENSE How many kinds of past tense are there? THERE ARE FOUR KINDS OF PAST TENSE. 1) Past simple tense 2) Past continuous tense 3) Past perfect tense 4) Past perfect continuous tense 1. Past simple tense Q. What is past simple tense? A. Past Simple Tense denotes completeness of an action in the Past time. He went to America. She helped the poor. Q.How to form past simple tense? A. Subject +FV2+object. He appeared at examination yesterday. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject+AV (did)+not+FV1 +object. Page 15 of 41 Example: He did not sing a song. Q. How to form interrogative sentence? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1. One starts with AV(auxiliary verb). 2. Second starts with interrogative pronoun. Q. How to form interrogative sentence with AV(did)? TENSE

A. AV(did)+subject+FV1+object? Did he sing a song? How to form interrogative sentence with IP(interrogative pronoun)? IP(which/ what/ when/where/how/why etc)+AV(did)+subject+FV1 + object? Examples: How did he sing a song? When did he play cricket? PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Q. What is past continuous tense? A. Past continuous tense denotes action going on in the past time. Examples: He was reading English newspaper. She was teaching grammar. Q. How to form past continuous tense? A. Subject+ AV(Was/were)+FV4+object. The principal was supervising the class. USE OF WAS/WERE WAS—IS SINGULAR WAS is used for third person singular noun Ram,India,Delhi, Third person singular pronoun he,she, it, this,that,first person Page 16 of 41 Singular pronoun I. EXAMPLES: He was running business. She was helping her. It was barking at night. WERE—IS PLURAL WERE—is used for third person plural noun John and Jack, Japan and Germany, Third person plural pronoun they, these, those etc Second person plural pronoun you and first person plural Pronoun we. EXAMPLES: They were speaking English. We were appearing at examination. You were serving your country. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject + AV(was/were)+not+ FV4+object. They were not serving their country. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE TENSE

Q. How to form interrogative sentence? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. One starts with AV. Second starts with IP. Q. How to form interrogative sentence with AV? A. AV(was, were)+subject+FV4+OBJECT? Was Ram playing cricket?. How to form interrogative sentence with IP? IP+AV(was/were)+subject+FV4+object? How was Ram playing cricket? Page 17 of 41 PAST PERFECT TENSE Q. WHAT IS PAST PERFECT TENSE? A. Past Perfect Tense denotes perfection of an action in the past time or in the time gone by. OR A. When two actions are done in past tense, action done earlier should Be written in past perfect and action done later should be Written in past simple. EXAMPLES: The train had departed before I reached the station. The patient had died before the doctor came. Q. How to form past perfect tense? A. Subject + AV (had)+FV3+object. He had done his homework. Use of HAD Had is used for all subjects whether subject is singular or plural, Whether subject is third person singular or plural, second person Singular or plural and first person singular or plural. Example: He had died before the doctor came. I had departed before my friend came. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject + AV(had)+ not +fv3 + object. He had not done his homework. Q. How to form interrogative sentence? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. One starts with AV. Second starts with IP. TENSE

Q. How to form interrogative sentence with AV? Page 18 of 41 A. AV (had)+subject+FV3 + object? Had she not taken tea? Q. How to form interrogative sentence with IP? Q. IP(which, what, when, where, how, why etc)+AV(had)+subject+FV3+object? Why had he not taken tea? PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Q. What is Past Perfect continuous tense? A. Work started in past continued in past is called past perfect continuous tense. Mr Prasad had been running business for many years. Q. How to form past perfect continuous tense? A. Subject +AV (had)+been+fv4+object+for,since+etc. Tom had been loving his country for many years. Use of had been. Had been is used for all subject whether subject is Singular or plural, whether subject is third person or second person. He had been singing a song for ten years. You had been running your family since 2000 Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject + AV(had)+not+been+FV4+object+ for/since +etc. We had not been running business since Monday. Q. How to form interrogative sentence ? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1. First starts with AV. 2. Second starts with IP. Q. How to form interrogative sentence with AV? Page 19 of 41 A. AV(had)+ subject +been+FV4+object+for/since +etc? Had he been running business for ten years? Q. How to form interrogative sentence with IP? A. IP ( which, what, how, when, why etc) + AV(had) + subject + been + FV4 + object + for/since + etc? How had he been singing a song for ten years? FUTURE TENSE Q. What is future tense? A. Future tense denotes action in the time which is to come. He will play. She will sing. KINDS OF FUTURE TENSE Q. How many kinds of future tense are there? TENSE

A. There are four kinds of future tense. Future simple tense Future continuous tense Future perfect tense Future perfect continuous tense FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE Q. What is future simple tense? A. Future simple tense denotes uncertainty or incompleteness of an action in the time which is to come. They will do their home work. Q. How to form future simple tense? A. Subject + AV(will/shall) +FV1 + object. She will help her neighbour. USE OF SHALL and WILL Page 20 of 41 Shall is used for first person singular pronoun I and first person plural pronoun WE. EXAMPLES: I shall go. We shall sing. NOTE: In case of certainty or promise shall is changed into Will. EXAMPLE: I will celebrate your birthday at any cost. We will go to America tomorrow whether I am healthy Or not USE OF WILL Will is used for third person singular noun John, Jack, Tom etc Third person singular pronoun he, she, it, this, that etc, Third person plural noun John and Jack. Delhi and Chennai, Third person plural pronoun they, these, those, Second person singular and plural pronoun you. Examples: She will write a letter. They will turn on radio. NOTE: In case of certainty or promise WILL is changed into Shall. EXAMPLE: He shall go on school trip whether he is healthy or Unhealthy. 3 How to form negative sentence? Subject +AV(shall/will)+not +fv1+object. They will not learn English. Q. How to form interrogative sentence? TENSE

A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1. One starts with AV(shall /will). 2. Second starts with IP(which, why, how, when etc). Page 21 of 41 How to form interrogative sentence with AV? AV(shall/will)+subject+FV1+object? Will he go there? How to form interrogative sentence with IP? IP(why, how, when, where, when, etc)+AV(shall/will) + subject+ FV1+ object? Why will he go there? FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE What is Future continuous tense? FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE denotes action going on in the time which is to come. She will be reading English. Q. How to form future continuous tense? A. Subject + AV (shall/will) + be+ FV4 + object. He will be doing his homework. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject + AV (shall/ will) + not +be + FV4 + object. He will not be doing his homework. Q. How to form interrogative sentence? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1. One starts with AV(shall/will). 2. Second starts with IP(who, why, how, when, where, etc). Q. How to form interrogative sentence with AV? A. AV(shall/will) + +subject +be + FV4 +object? Will Ram be playing cricket? Q. How to form interrogative sentence with IP? A. IP(which, what, when, where, why, how, etc)+AV (shall/will)+ subject + be+FV4+ object? Page 22 of 41 When will Ram be playing cricket? FUTURE PERFECT TENSE Q. What is future perfect tense? A. Future perfect tense denotes perfection or completeness Of an action in the time which is to come. She will have learnt English. Q. How to form future perfect tense? TENSE

A. Subject + AV(will have/shall have) + FV3 + object. He will have done his homework. NOTE: After shall/will only have is used. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject +AV (shall/will)+ not have +FV3 +object. He will not have done his home work. Q. How to form interrogative sentence? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1. One starts with AV( shall/ will). 2. Second starts with IP. Q. How to form interrogative sentence with AV? A. AV(shall/will)+subject+have+fv3+object? Will he have done his home work? Q. How to form interrogative sentence with IP? A. IP(which, what, why, how, when, where etc)+AV (Shall/will) + subject + have + FV3 + object? When will he have done his home work? FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE Q. What is FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE? A. Work started in future continues in future is Called Future perfect continuous tense. Page 23 of 41 He will have been playing cricket from Monday. Q. How to form future perfect continuous tense? A. Subject+ AV (shall have/will have)+ been+ FV4 Object + for/from + etc He will have been helping his friend from tomorrow. Q. How to form negative sentence? A. Subject + AV (shall /will) not +have been+FV4+object For/from + etc. He will not have been playing cricket from Monday. Q. How to form interrogative sentence? A. There are two kinds of interrogative sentence. 1. One starts with AV. 2. Second starts with IP Will he have been playing cricket from Monday? Where will he have been playing cricket from Monday? FILL UP THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE FORMS OF THE VERBS GIVEN IN THE BRACKETS: EXERCISE 1 TENSE

1) The sun (rise) in the east. 2) Most buses (not run) on time. 3) She (come) here yesterday. 4) Tom (buy) a new pen next week. 5) The earth (move) round the sun. 6) Hard work (Bring) success. 7) The meeting (Just begin). 8) Patna (Stand) on the bank of the Ganga. 9) Most Indians (not speak) English. 10) My brother (be) ten last Monday. 11) Shakespeare (live) from 1564 to 1616. 12) Mukul (go) to school last month. 13) They (live) here since May. Page 24 of 41 14) We (have) a letter last week. 15) They (not go) to school tomorrow. 16) When you last (see) your brother. 17) Water (freeze) at 0 degree centigrade. 18) He (works) here for the last five year. 19) He (fall) asleep while he was driving. 20) We (study) English for five years. FILL UP THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE FORMS OF THE VERBS GIVEN IN THE BRACKETS: EXERCISE 2 1) Oil (float) on water. 2) Death (come) to every man. 3) Keep quiet, we ( listen) to the radio. 4) I am fond of (play ) tennis. 5) I have been (read) hard. 6) Sita has just (go) out. 7) Ram (go) to Ranchi yesterday. 8) He (tear) the letter a minute ago. 9) I have (sit) long here. 10) The man was (bite) by a dog. 11) He has (take) my pen. 12) He (hide) himself in a bush. 13) He (come) here last night. 14) Have you (see) him. 15) The dog is (bark) at me. 16) I have (get) a prize. TENSE

17) He (go) Kashmir last year. 18) She habitually (come) late. 19) I (see) this film yesterday. 20) Peter (buy) a car next year. FILL UP THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE FORMS OF THE VERBS GIVEN IN THE BRACKETS: EXERCISE 3 1) I (finish) this work just now. 2) I (go) to college yesterday. 3) I wish I (be) a film actor. 4) He (sing) here last night. 5) I (go) to Delhi tomorrow. Page 25 of 41 6) It (rain) for three hours. 7) Have you (see) that. 8) I (meet) him on Monday last. 9) This boy never (see) the sea. 10) He ( go) to Patna last week. 11) He (die) last year. 12) Mohan (go) to school daily. 13) I (meet) him Yesterday. 14) They (come) here a month ago. 15) I (go) to college yesterday. 16) I wish I (be) a film actor. 17) He (sing) here last night. 18) I (go) to Delhi tomorrow. 19) It (rain) for three hours. 20) Have you (see) that. FILL UP THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE FORMS OF THE VERBS GIVEN IN THE BRACKETS: EXERCISE 4 1 I ( meet) him on Monday last. 2 This boy never (see) the sea. 3 He ( go) to Patna last week. 4 He (die) last year. 5 Mohan (go) to school daily. 6 I ( meet ) him Yesterday. 7 They ( come) here a month ago. 8 He (come) tomorrow. 9 He (go) to the cinema every day. TENSE

10 The Sun (shine) by day. 11 Two and two (make) four. 12 I (see)him last Monday. 13 She (be) born in 1965. 14 I (live) here since 1980. 15 I never (see) the Taj. 16 I (do) a lot of work today. 17 The train (depart) before I reached the station. 18 If it (rain), he will not go to school. 19 If he (listen) to this music, he will be surprised. 20 The patient (die) before the doctor came.