Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences s153

“ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF AGAVE ANGUSTIFOLIA IN RATS”.

By LALIT SINGH. B.Pharm M. Pharmacy Dissertation Protocol Submitted to the

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore– 560 041, Karnataka.

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

MASTER OF PHARMACY IN PHARMACOLOGY

Under the Guidance of Dr. BENSON MATHAI K, M-PHARMA, Ph.D PROFESSOR

Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology St. John’s Pharmacy College St. John’s Educational Institutions Bangalore – 560040. 2010-11. ANNEXURE-II PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

LALIT SINGH, M.Pharma. Name of the candidate and address 1. St. John’s Pharmacy College No 6,9th cross,2nd Main, Vijaynagar 2nd Stage (Hampinagar) Bangalore- 560104 Tel: 91-80-23300958/23300668 Email: admin@[email protected] Website: www.stjohns.edu.in

2. St. John’s Pharmacy College Name of the institution No 6,9th cross,2nd Main, Vijaynagar 2nd Stage (Hampinagar) Bangalore- 560104 Tel: 91-80-23300958/23300668 Email: admin@[email protected] Website: www.stjohns.edu.in

3. Course of study and subject MASTER OF PHARMACY (PHARMACOLOGY)

4. Date of the admission 12-June-2009

5. Title of the topic:

“ ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF AGAVE ANGUSTIFOLIA. IN RATS ”. 6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Urolithiasis is the third most common disorder of the urinary tract. The worldwide incidence of urolithiasis is quite high and in north India more than 80% of urinary calculi are calcium oxalate stones alone or calcium oxalate mixed with calcium phosphate.1

Hyperoxaluria is the main initiating factor of human idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease. Oxalate is a powerful crystallization-driving factor present in the urine, retention of which enhances cell injury and causes early stages of lithogenesis.2An important reason for acute and chronic renal failure, lithiasis, includes both nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis. Medical management of lithiasis, today, includes lithotripsy and surgical procedures. Unfortunately, the underlying risk factors are not corrected by these techniques; hence there is a need to continue the medical supervision and therapy to prevent stone recurrence.3

The recurrence of urolithiasis represents a serious problem as patients who have formed one stone are more likely to form another. Not all standard pharmaceutical drugs used to cure urolithiasis are effective in all patients, and many have adverse effects that compromise their long-term use.4

The herbal sources have become an vital area in the search for new antiurolithiatic drugs, because their parts as such, extracts and compounds isolated from them have demonstrated a variety of biological activity.1 Agave angustifolia has been reported to form diuretic property. All plants having diuretic activity are also known to have antiurolithiatic activity.Hence in the present study, an effort has been made to evaluate the the antiurolithiatic activity of Agave angustifolia extracts using sodium oxalate induced hyperoxluria model in rats. enzymes in hyperoxaluric rats. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 199;48(5-6):211-20. $

16. Hirayama H, Wang Z, Nishi k, Ogawa A, Ishimatu T,Ueda S, et al. Effect of Desmodium styracifolium-triterpenoid on calcium oxalate renal stones. Br J Urology 1993;71(2):143-7.

17. Perez RM, Vargas R, Perez S, Perez C. J of Herbs, Spices, and medicinal plants 2000;7(2):27-34.