Currucykyn Vutae Esther Daniel Mwaikambo

CURRICULUM VITAE 2011 MS. ESTHER DANIEL MWAIKAMBO

SUMMARY OF THE CV.

1. PERSONAL PARTICULARS Name: Esther Mwaikambo Nationality: Tanzanian Place of Birth: Moshi, Kilimanjaro Occupation: Medical Doctor Position: Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health Marital status: Widow Languages: Kiswahili, English and Russian Institution: The Hubert Kairuki Memorial University (HKMU) Physical address: 322 Regent Estate, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University Postal Address: P.O. 4160, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Mobile Tel: 255-717-119-933 Email: Email: [email protected] Website: www.hkmu.ac.tz Fax: Number: 255: -22-(2) 2775591 2. EDUCATION/TRAINING:

Institution Degree Year Field of study

Friendship University, Moscow, MD 1962-1969 Medicine USSR

University of Dar-es Salaam, Master of 1974-1977 Paediatrics and Child Tanzania Medicine Health

Institute of Child Health, London, Diploma 1981-1982 Infectious Diseases and England Immunology

Harvard Medical School Certificate 1994-1995 Health and Behaviour

3. CURRENT EMPLOYMENT:

2 Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. Chairperson, Research on Poverty Alleviation (REPOA).

4. PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT 4.1 Vice Chancellor of the Hubert Kairuki Memorial University (HKMU) 1999-2007 4.2 Head Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (1990-1998), Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), Dar es Salaam 4.3 Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics and Child health 1982 to 1989 (MUCHS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4.4 Lecturer in Paediatrics and Child Health from 1977 to 1981 (MUCHS) 4.5 Medical Officer III, II and later I at the Muhimbili Medical Centre from 1971 to 1976, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 4.6 Internship at the Muhimbili Medical Centre from January to December 1970.

5. CONTINUING EDUCATION 5.1 March to June 1999 Visiting Senior Research fellow, the Carnegie Foundation on health and behavior programme, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and USA 5.2 March – May 1996: three months) Research Associate (African Women’s Health Programme) Five College Women’s Studies Research Centre, Mount Holyoke College, In USA 5.3 August, 1994 to July 1995: - Carnegie Foundation Senior Research Fellow on Health and Behavior at the Harvard Medical School, Boston USA 5.4 June to September 1992 Visiting Senior Lecturer, Paediatrics and child health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka,Zambia 5.5 Participant of various workshops, seminars, conferences and other continuous medical education activities.

6 PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION/LICENSURE 6.1 Registered as Specialist Pediatrician in Tanzania in 1977 6.2 Registered as Medical Practitioner in Tanzania from 1971 6.3 .Fellow founder and Vice President of Tanzania Academy of Sciences (F.TAAS) from 2006

7. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

3 7.1 As Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health my teaching mainly has evolved around general paediatric conditions as seen in Tanzania with special reference to preventable conditions including the 6 immunizable infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrhoea and nutritional deficiencies. My main teaching interests have been on childhood infections and immunology 7.2 As clinician, my experience has taken me through working with children general Paediatrics and especially childhood infections. Thus I have worked as a consultant Paediatrician in both hospital and community primary health care settings through university-community linkages. I consult both within and out patients and do supervisory clinics at the network of health centres that form part of the community teaching base for our department. A lot of my experience has been derived from working with children with infections in particular those with malaria, tuberculosis, measles, tetanus, respiratory infections, diarrhoea diseases, malnutrition and now HIV/AIDS from the poor urban communities. 7.3 As a researcher I have been either co-investigator or principal investigator of numerous projects since 1974. This experience has been fortified by the continuing medical education, which is obvious from above.

8. ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGERIAL EXPERIENCES 8.1 As a Vice Chancellor of the Hubert Kairuki memorial University I dealt with the day to day administration of this university for 8 good years. My tasks among others have been to implement the directives of the Council and Senate adhering to policies and procedures of the university. I was responsible for the implementation of the university’s 5 year strategic plan 2002-2007 the task ceremoniously accomplished. In administering and managing health services I was much engaged in establishing and maintaining standards and setting fee rates that are commensurate with quality and conditions of living in the Tanzania environment. Based on my work as Vice Chancellor, I have gained a lot of experience. I have good administrative and management skills and am capable of administering any health institution anywhere in the country or otherwise. 8.2 Previous to the above appointment I was working as Chairperson of the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, at the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania from 1991 to 1997 when I joined HKMU first as Deputy Vice Chancellor in 1998 and from 1999 as a Vice chancellor. 8.3 Throughout the 6 year period of my chairpersonship, I was a member of various university and hospital Boards including the Management and Academic Boards, the Board of Institute of Public Health and that of Faculty of Medicine.

4 8.4 At the Ministerial level I have been a member of various committees including the Tanzania National Health Technical AIDS committee Board , the Medical Council of Tanganyika, Research and Development Advisory Committee on public and medical research ,Tanzania Commission for Science and technology, and a member of the Board of Trustees of Muhimbili Medical Centre and many more.

9. Professional and Institutional membership Currently held positions 9.1 Chairperson, Tumaini University Makumira (TUM) Governing Council 9.2 Chairperson, “Research on Poverty Alleviation” (REPOA) 9.3 Vice President, Tanzania Academy of Sciences (F.TAAS) 9.4 Chairperson, Tanzania National Polio Certification Commission (NCC) 9.5 Vice Chairperson, Tanzania Commission for Science and technology (COSTECH) 9.6 Chairperson of the National Research and Development Advisory Committee on Medical Research and Public Health 9.7 Member, Board of Trustee of the Tanzania Public Health Association 9.8 Member of WHO Data Safety and Monitoring Board of the studies evaluating the impact of Neonatal Vitamin A Supplimentation on Infant Mortality. 9.9 Member of Senate of Mzumbe University in Morogoro, Tanzania 9.10 Member Academic Board of Tumaini University (TUDARCO) 9.11 Member, University Council, International Medical and technological University (IMTU) of health sciences, Dar es Salaam Tanzania 10.12. Member of the Technical Advisory Board of Christian Social Services Commission (CSSC) 2004 to date 10.13. Member of the Good Samaritan Foundation owning the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and Collelge, Moshi, Tanzania

10 Previously held positions 10.1 Founder and first president of the Medical Women Association of Tanzania (MEWATA) 1987-2005 10.2 One of the founders and General Secretary of Paediatric Association of Tanzania (PAT) 10.3 Chairperson of the National Examination Council of Tanzania (NECTA) 10.4 Chairperson of the Data Safety Monitoring board for the lead institution in the Ecology of HIV/AIDS and child Mental Health in Tanzania.

5 10.5 Chairperson of the Tanzania local Steering Committee of the Centre for enhancement of effective malaria intervention (CEEMI) NIMR by Gates Malaria Partnership. 10.6 Governing Board member of the Forum for African Women Educationalists (FAWE) 10.7 Council member of Tanzania Commission for Universities 10.8 President of the Tanzania Public Health Association (TPHA) 10.9 Member Executive Committee – Tanzania National Health Research Forum (TANHER) 10.10 Member of the Governing Board of Ifakara Health Institution from 2007 to date 10.11 Member of the Tumaini University, Dar es Salaam campus, Tumaini University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 10.12 Member Data Safety and Monitoring Board on Malaria Studies, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institute of Health. 10.13 Member Data Safety and Monitoring Committee for antimalarial trials, Sanofi Aventis Recherche Developpment 10.14 Member Board of Trustees of the Stefano Moshi Memorial University College, Moshi, Tanzania. 2005

11 MANUSCRIPTS PRESENTED AT CONFERENCES AND OR PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS 11.1HIV/AIDS Disclosure in East Africa: The Moral Dilemma of Physicians. Paper presented at the Bioethics 2000 an International and appears in Abstract Book page 22 August 14 – 16th August 2000 Gadjah Mada Medical School and Harvard Medical School. 11.2Challenges and Approaches to teaching medical ethics in East African Universities, paper presented at the Bioethics 2000: An International exchange and appears in the Abstract Book prepared by the Gadjah Mada Medical School and Harvard Medical School on page 46. 11.3Factors Association with Violence against Women. Paper presented at the workshop held in Windhoek from 29th September to 5th October 2000. 11.4Mwaikambo Esther and Ngiloi P. Mass breast screening disease campaign – A community based intervention. Submitted for presentation at the 2nd World conference on Breast Cancer Advocacy influencing change March 11-14, 1999 Brussels, Belgium 11.5Mwaikambo Esther and Tungaraza, Felician. Perceptions of Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI) by married Nyakyusa women. Submitted for presentation at the Medical association of Tanzania (MAT) STD/HIV/AIDS Symposium in Mwanza, February 1999 Mwanza.

6 11.6 Mwaikambo Esther and Hubert Kairuki. Recent advances in the management of hyperpyrexia and febrile convulsions in children. Proceedings of the Association of Private Hospitals in Tanzania Conference (APHTHA) 11 to 12, December 1998. 11.7. Mwaikambo Esther. Different faces of violence on women in the Africa society. Paper presented at the Africa region women consultation of the United in Mission (UEM) Dar es Salaam from 7 to 8, October 1998 11.8 Mwaikambo Esther. Childhood tuberculosis in the advent of HIV/AIDS. Proceedings of the Medical Education symposium for the Association of Private Hospitals, Mission Mikocheni Hospital 3rd to 4th, June, 1998 11.9 Mwaikambo Esther. Role of universities of health sciences in facilitating health sector reforms in Tanzania. Proceedings of the Tanzania Public Health Association Annual Scientific Conference, Dodoma, Tanzania 22nd to 25 November, 99 11.10 Moraham G, Dexing Huang, Arnab Pain, Esther D Mwaikambo Nicholas M. Anstey et.al. Association of cerebral malaria mortality with genetic variants of the gene encoding interleukin- 12 p40 (IL12B) in press. 11.11 BK Lopansri, NM Anstey, JB Weinberg, ED Mwaikambo, E Tjitra, CS Boutlbis, H. Maniboey, MR Hobbs, MC Levesque, DL Granger. Relationship of Hyperphenylalaninemia to CNS complications in Falciparum Malaria, Paper presented at the ICTDR meeting in Bethesda May, 2004 11.12 Weinberg JB, Hobbs MH, Levesque MC, Udhayakumar V, Roberts JM, Kairuki S, Nahlen BL, Mwaikambo ED, All AL, Anstey NM, Granger DL. NOS2 promoter polymorphisms as determinants of NO promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe malaria in humans. Nitric Oxide 6:488, 2002 (abstract). 11.13 Jackson P. Mukemba1, Salvatory Florence1, Willy Sangu2, Frances Mchomvu3, Matthew P. Rubach4, Bert K. Lopansri5, Tsin W. Yeo6, Nicholas M. Anstey6, J Brice Weinberg7, Donald L. Granger4, Esther D. Mwaikambo: Elevated levels of CSF tetrahydrobiopterin and neopterin distinguish non-malarial coma from cerebral malaria with high specificity and sensitivity. Abstract appearing in the proceedings of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, November, 2010 Atlanta. pages

12. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS 12.1 Mwaikambo ED. Management and Health Economics with special reference to Primary Health Care. Primary Health Care Manual for medical students and other workers by Mukelabai K. 1992:188-207

7 12.2 Mwaikambo ED and Do Amsi DM. High incidence of measles in previously vaccinated children in Dar es Salaam: A major issue for concern. Tanzania Journal of Paediatrics, 1990:2; 7-9 12.3 Mwaikambo ED and Do Amsi DM. Some risk factors associated with neonatal mortality. Tanzania Medical J. 1987: 19-27 12.4 Mwaikambo ED. Attendant at birth as a risk factor in child survival. Tanzania Med.J 1987 4: 15-18 12.5 Mwaikambo ED, Mgone CS and Kalagho DR. Chloroquine chemoprophylaxis usage and its impact on morbidity of children attending MCHC at Magomeni areas, Dar es Salaam. Tanzania Med.J. 2:1986; 7-9 12.6 Mwaikambo ED and Do Amsi MD. Malnutrition related diseases in Paediatrics practice: A methodology of measurement. Malnutrition in Tanzania. CUUAM 1986: 99-102 12.7 Mwaikambo ED and Mac Larty DG. Chemoprophylaxis of malaria in pregnancy and under fives in Tanzania; Tanzania Med. J. 2:1986; 4-6 12.8 Mwaikambo E.D .The impact on children of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Tanzania Population Environment and Health in Tanzania: Towards the 21st Century. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Scientific Conference of the Tanzania Public Health association December, 1996 pp 86-88 12.9 Mwaikambo ED and Tungaraza FSK. Health-seeking behaviour of female youths in response to reproductive tract infections: some reflections from Tukuyu, Mbeya region. Proceedings of the 15th Annual scientific Conference of the Tanzania Public Health Association. December, 1996 pp 176-183

12.10 Mary-jo DelVecchio, Good, Mwaikambo Esther, Erastus Amayo and James M’Imunya Machoki. Clinical Realities and Moral Dilemmas: Contrasting Perspectives from Academic Medicine in Kenya, Tanzania and America. DAEDALUS Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bioethics and Beyond. Fall 1999, Volume 128, Number 4, of the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, pages 135-166

12.11 Randall LM, Kenangalem E, Lampah DA, Tjitra E, Mwaikambo ED, Handojo T, Piera KA, Zhao ZZ, de Labastida Rivera F, Zhou Y, McSweeney KM, Le L, Amante FH, Haque A, Stanley AC, Woodberry T, Salwati E, Granger DL, Hobbs MR, Price RN, Weinberg JB, Montgomery GW, Anstey NM, Engwerda CR. A study of the TNF/LTA/LTB locus and

8 susceptibility to severe malaria in highland papuan children and adults. Malar J. 2010 Oct 29;9:302.

12.12 Randall LM, Kenangalem E, Lampah DA, Tjitra E, Mwaikambo ED, Handojo T, Piera KA, Zhao ZZ, de Labastida Rivera F, Zhou Y, McSweeney KM, Le L, Amante FH, Haque A, Stanley AC, Woodberry T, Salwati E, Granger DL, Hobbs MR, Price RN, Weinberg JB, Montgomery GW, Anstey NM, Engwerda CR. Age-related susceptibility to severe malaria associated with galectin-2 in highland Papuans. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jul 1;202(1):117-24.

12.13 Levesque MC, Hobbs MR, O'Loughlin CW, Chancellor JA, Chen Y, Tkachuk AN, Booth J, Patch KB, Allgood S, Pole AR, Fernandez CA, Mwaikambo ED, Mutabingwa TK, Fried M, Sorensen B, Duffy PE, Granger DL, Anstey NM, Weinberg JB. Malaria severity and human nitric oxide synthase type 2 (NOS2) promoter haplotypes. Hum Genet. 2010 Feb;127(2):163-82. Epub 2009 Oct 27.

12.14 Lopansri BK, Anstey NM, Stoddard GJ, Mwaikambo ED, Boutlis CS, Tjitra E, Maniboey H, Hobbs MR, Levesque MC, Weinberg JB, Granger DL. Elevated plasma phenylalanine in severe malaria and implications for pathophysiology of neurological complications. Infect Immun. 2006 Jun;74(6):3355-9.

12.15 Lopansri BK, Anstey NM, Weinberg JB, Stoddard GJ, Hobbs MR, Levesque MC, Mwaikambo ED, Granger DL. Low plasma arginine concentrations in children with cerebral malaria and decreased nitric oxide production. Lancet. 2003 Feb 22;361(9358):676-8.

12.16 Hobbs MR, Udhayakumar V, Levesque MC, Booth J, Roberts JM, Tkachuk AN, Pole A, Coon H, Kariuki S, Nahlen BL, Mwaikambo ED, Lal AL, Granger DL, Anstey NM, Weinberg JB. A new NOS2 promoter polymorphism associated with increased nitric oxide production and protection from severe malaria in Tanzanian and Kenyan children. Lancet. 2002 Nov 9;360(9344):1468-75. Erratum in: Lancet. 2003 Feb 1;361(9355):438..

12.17 Morahan G, Boutlis CS, Huang D, Pain A, Saunders JR, Hobbs MR, Granger DL, Weinberg JB, Peshu N, Mwaikambo ED, Marsh K, Roberts DJ, Anstey NM. A promoter polymorphism in the gene encoding interleukin-12 p40 (IL12B) is associated with mortality

9 from cerebral malaria and with reduced nitric oxide production. Genes Immun. 2002 Nov;3(7):414-8

12.18 Anstey NM, Weinberg JB, Wang Z, Mwaikambo ED, Duffy PE, Granger DL. Effects of age and parasitemia on nitric oxide production/leukocyte nitric oxide synthase type 2 expression in asymptomatic, malaria-exposed children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Aug;61(2):253-8.

12.19 Anstey NM, Granger DL, Hassanali MY, Mwaikambo ED, Duffy PE, Weinberg JB. Nitric oxide, malaria, and anemia: inverse relationship between nitric oxide production and hemoglobin concentration in asymptomatic, malaria-exposed children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Aug;61(2):249-52.

12.20 Anstey NM, Tissot Dupont H, Hahn CG, Mwaikambo ED, McDonald MI, Raoult D, Sexton DJ. Seroepidemiology of Rickettsia typhi, spotted fever group rickettsiae, and Coxiella burnetti infection in pregnant women from urban Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Aug;57(2):187-9.

12.21 Araki M, Anstey NM, Mwaikambo ED, Dua A, Amberger E, Azen EA. An expanded histatin gene polymorphism and test of a possible disease resistant phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(1):58-64.

12.22 Anstey NM, Weinberg JB, Hassanali MY, Mwaikambo ED, Manyenga D, Misukonis MA, Arnelle DR, Hollis D, McDonald MI, Granger DL. Nitric oxide in Tanzanian children with malaria: inverse relationship between malaria severity and nitric oxide production/nitric oxide synthase type 2 expression. J Exp Med. 1996 Aug 1;184(2):557-67.

12.23 Anstey NM, Hassanali MY, Mlalasi J, Manyenga D, Mwaikambo ED. Elevated levels of methaemoglobin in Tanzanian children with severe and uncomplicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Mar-Apr;90(2):147-51.

12.24 The following Chapters appear in the Primary Health Care, A Manual for Medical Students and Other Health Workders, 3rd edit 2010, edited by Kopano Mukelabai, Nimrod Bwibo and Rachel Musoke, Throtle Tech.Lusaka, Zambia.

10 i. Amos Odiit, Sarha Kiguli, Samuel Ayaya and Esther Mwaikambo. Malaria in Children. ii. S. Bakeera-Kitaka, Amos Odiit, Samweuel Ayaya, Esther Mwaikambo: Adolesscent Health, Drug and Substance Abuse iii. Samuel Ayaya, Amos Odiit and Esther Mwaikambo: Common Skin Diseases in children iv. Esther Mwaikambo and Amos Odiit: Health Education, Communication Skills and Counseling v. Esther Mwaikambo, Stephen Kinoti, Amos Odiit and Samuel Ayaya

13. RESEARCH SUPPORT

13.1. NIH/NIAID 2 RO1 A1041764-06A1 04/01/03 – 03/31/08 - Nitric Oxide and Severe Malaria. This study aims to discover genetic traits associated with nitric oxide synthesis in relationship to susceptibility to or protection from, severe malaria. Study cohorts are Tanzanian children with cerebral malaria and Indonesian adults with severe malaria: Role: Co-PI

13.2. NIH/NIAID 1 R01 AI057565-01A2 08/15/05 -08/14/10 - Hyperphenylalaninemia in cerebral malaria This study aims to test the hypothesis that Tetrahydrobiopterin and CNS neurotransmitters dependent on Tetrahydrobiopterin are deficient in the brains of children with cerebral malaria. Study cohorts are Tanzanian children with cerebral malaria, non-malarial CNS conditions, uncomplicated malaria and healthy controls. Role: Co-PI

13.3. NIH 2R01-A1-041764-11 08/01/08-07/31/13 - Arginine, Nitric Oxide, and severe malaria. This study aims to test the hypothesis that the endothelial function in severe and moderately severe malaria is abnormal, and that the endothelial function will improve in these patients with improved clinical malaria. The study cohorts are Tanzanian and Indonesian children with severe and moderately malaria. Role: Co-PI

14.0 OTHER AWARDS 15.1. The 2009 Harvard Distinguished African Studies Lecturer 15.2. Recipient of the Tanzania Women of Achievement Awards 2009 in Health.

11 15. 0 EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Reading, Counselling, Loan tennis and jogging.

16.0 Informants/Referees

16.1 Mrs. K. Kairuki Chairperson Board of Trustee, The Hubert Kairuki Memorial University (HKMU) P.O.Box 65300, Dar es Salaam

16.2 Prof. Mary-Jo Develccio Good Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue. Boston MA 02115 United States of America

12th August, 2011

By Esther Mwaikambo