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TOSSUPS CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Combined packet of Tennessee I and UTC Blue

1. Headquarted in Haifa, Israel, it began in 1844 in Iran. It teaches that the revealed religions of the world are in agreement and that each of the prophet-founders of the religions revealed the will of God for a particular time and place in history. FTP name this pacifist religion, of which the prophet-founder is the Baha' Ullah. Baha'i

2. He ran for Congress after answering an ad placed by the local Republican Party. He won by branding incumbent Jerry Voorhis a Communist sympathizer, and the tactic worked so well he used it in 1950 to unseat Sen. Helen Gahagan Douglas. Confronted for the first time with campaign financial improprieties in 1952, he saved his spot as Eisenhower’s running mate with the famed “Checkers” speech. FTP name this President, who ran out of convincing speeches by the time he declared himself "not a crook." Answer: Richard Nixon

3. On this planet, when the sun rises at the north pole, it stays up for 42 Earth years; then it sets, and naturally the north pole gets 42 Earth years of darkness. It has at least 15 moons and 9 narrow, nearly opaque rings. FTP name this severly tilted planet, discovered by Sir William Herschel in 1781. Uranus

4. He made his name in Italy as a composer of operas, composing nine between 1904 and 1935, and in 1919 he was commissioned by Diaghilev to arrange andorchestrate the ballet La Boutique fantastique from Rossini's original music. However, he is best known for his series of impressionistic tone poems, which owe much to Rimsky-Korsakov, from whom he took compostion lessons. FTP, name this Italian composer whose best known works include Roman Festivals (1929), Three Botticelli Pictures (1927), The Fountains of Rome (1917), and The Pines of Rome (1924). Ottorino Respighi

5. Following a visit to Greece, which he took while writing an adaptation of Daphnis and Chloe, he began a strenuous physical regime that transformed his appearance from that of an introspective intellectual into something approximating the ideal classical male. As a result he liked to publish photographs of himself, his favourite pose depicting the martyrdom of St Sebastian. His first novel suggests the abnormal in the hero's unfulfilled desire to die young in some great conflagration. He did die relatively young, at 45 years of age, but not in a great conflagration: he and a companion committed seppuku, suicide in a ritual manner. FTP name this Japanese novelist, famous for such works as Confessions of a Mask (1949), The Sound of the Waves (1956), and The Sea of Fertility (1969-71.) Yukio Mishima

6. As a young man he went to Canada as a sales representative, returning to Germany at the outbreak of World War I and serving in the cavalry. In 1932 he joined the Nazi party and from then to his dismissal by Doenitz in 1945 exercised considerable influence within it. However, he paid for his notoriety in 1946 when he was hanged at Nuremberg. FTP, name this man who served as Hitler's foreign minister, and whose most significant diplomatic move was the negotiating of the German-Soviet Treaty of Nonaggression in 1939 which bears his name. Joachim Von Ribbentrop

7. As owner of the Adelaide News he quickly hit on the formula that would become his hallmark, taking the paper radically downmarket with a heavy emphasis on scandal, show-business gossip, and sport. Back in Britain he took over the Times Newspaper Group and made The Sun the best-selling daily in England, mixing sex and right-wing populism. In the 80s he diversified, acquiring Harper Collins Books and launching the European satellite broadcasting channel Sky. FTP who is this near-monopolistic media tycoon who owns 20th Century Fox? Rupert Murdoch

8. Originally a student of zoology at Trinity College, Cambridge, he wrote eighteen papers on entomological subjects even after switching to literature. In 1940 he moved to the US, became a US citizen in 1945 and in 1948 he settled down for eleven years as professor of Russian literature at Cornell. His first novel, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight (1941) was followed by Bend Sinister six years later. Pnin, (1957) is a portrait of the New World as seen through the lugubrious eyes of an Old World professor of entomology. FTP who is this Russian born novelist who is best remembered for his story of a middle-aged European's physical obsession with a twelve-year old American girl, Dolores Hayes, otherwise known as Lolita? Vladimir Nabokov

9. The son of a Harvard professor of Slavonic languages and literature, this infant prodigy graduated from Tufts at the age of fourteen and went on to gain his Harvard PhD at the age of eighteen. He completed his education under Bertrand Russell at Cambridge and David Hilbert in Gottingen. Amazingly, it took him years to find a teaching job, at MIT, which he held for the rest of his life. In the 1940s he became interested in 'the science of control and communication and in the animal and machine', and such terms as 'homeostasis' and 'negative feedback' rapidly became part of the language. FTP, who is this prodigious US mathematician and founder of cybernetics? Norbert Wiener

10. This letter, dated 2nd November 1917 was sent by the then British foreign secretary to Lord Rothschild (chair of the British Zionist Federation) stating: 'His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.' FTP what is this declaration that lead to the foundation is Israel in 1948? The Balfour Declaration

11. He was born in Sri Lanka in 1943 of Canadian parents and moved to Canada in the 60s where he was educated at the University of Toronto and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Later, after teaching English at university he turned to poetry and such collections as The Dainty Monsters, The Man With Seven Toes, Rat Jelly, and There's a Trick With a Knife I'm Learning to Do. Coming Through Slaughter is a biography of legendary jazz musician Charles 'Buddy' Bolden. However, it is his novel which won the prestigious Booker Prize in 1992 and brought him to public attention. FTP, who is the author of The English Patient? Michael Ondaatje

12. Streetlife Serenader. Storm Front. The Bridge. The Nylon Curtain. 52nd Street. FTP name the man who recorded these albums, as well as An Innocent Man, River of Dreams, and Piano Man. Billy Joel

13. Because the works he studied included much erotica, his widow Isabel burned his voluminous and irreplaceable notes. One of his lesser-known works is a firsthand study of the Mormons in Utah in the 1850’s. Reputedly able to speak 35 oriental languages, he travelled widely, often disguised as a Muslim. He made two attempts to find the source of the Nile; during the second, in 1857-58, along with future rival John Speke, he reached Lake Tanganyika. FTP, who was this British translator and explorer, who also translated a version of The Arabian Nights? Richard Burton

14. It’s a major component of industrial catalytic systems such as the BP-Monsanto process. This silvery white metal has the curious property when heated of turning to the oxide, then when heated further reverting to pure form. Discovered in1803 by William Hyde Wollaston, it takes its name from the red color of its salts. FTP name this element with atomic number 45. rhodium

15. As the Joker might have said, where did he get all those marvelous toys? The magical shield came from Athena, the winged sandals from Hermes, and Hades gave him the helmet which made the wearer invisible at will. In the first recorded golden shower, he was conceived when Zeus came to his mother Danae as a shower of golden rain. FTP name this hero, whose greatest feat was the beheading of Medusa. Perseus 16. In 1934 the Congress of Soviet Writers required that the creative artist should serve the proletariat by being realistic, optimistic and heroic. It denigrated the bourgeois artist and all forms of experimentalism and formalism as degenerate and pessimistic. After the Stalinist period the term was modified to cover the works of such artistic innovators as Brecht and Mayakovsky, but it is still seen in the West as an impediment to creativity and freedom of expression. FTP what is this term used loosely to describe a realistic, objective, yet socially aware and detailed method of artistic presentation? Socialist Realism

17. Born in Tasmania in 1909 with the first name Leslie, his formal education was punctuated by expulsions from schools. At sixteen he abandoned a career as a clerk in favour of more adventurous pursuits, such as pearl diving in Tahiti and searching for gold in New Guinea. His first acting role was as Fletcher Christian in a short Australian film called In the Wake of the Bounty, released in 1933. Two years later he went to Hollywood where he got his break with the lead in Captain Blood. FTP, name this swashbuckling hero of the silver screen, whose other films included The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936) and The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) Errol Flynn

18. You don’t hear this term used much anymore, since we now know these nitrogen-containing compounds are completely neutralized in the human digestive system. They were long suspected as a toxic agent because they are present in spoiled foods, but they are harmless byproducts of the bacteria which themselves or by their toxins cause illness. FTP name this class of compounds, once synonymous with food poisoning. [ptomaines]

19. It has a population of roughly three million and covers an area of 10,000 sq miles. The Hohenzollern rulers who took control of it in 1415 later acquired the powerful duchy of Prussia and became emperors of Germany. At the end of WWII it had lost over 5,000 sq miles of territory when Poland advanced its frontier to the line of the Oder and Neisse rivers. The remainder, which became a region of East Germany, was divided in 1952 into the districts of Frankfurt-on-Sea, Potsdam and Cottbus. After reunification in 1990 the region became a state of the Federal Republic. FTP, identify this German state Land, with its capital at Potsdam, and after which a famous concerto and set of gates are named. Brandenburg

20. This play portrays the conflict between spiritual and worldly power embodied in the struggle between millionaire armaments manufacturer Andrew Undershaft and his daughter, a crusader in the Salvation Army. While part of visiting an East End Shelter for the poor she suffers a crisis of faith as she glimpses the possibility that all salvation and philanthropy are shaken at the source. FTP name this play in which Undershaft states that 'society cannot be saved until either the Professors of Greek take to making gunpowder, or the makers of gunpowder become Professors of Greek'? Major Barbara

21. “There lived in Westphalia, at the country seat of Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh, a young lad blessed by nature with the most agreeable manners.” Later in his adventures the eponymous hero of this novel is flogged at an auto-da-fe in Lisbon, travels to the New World, and discovers the lost city of Eldorado with his faithful servant, Cacambo. FTP, what is this 1758 novel, subtitled 'Optimism', in which the author, through the character of Dr Pangloss, lampoons the philosophy of Leibniz? Candide

22. Dutch traders established the first European settlement in this South African province in 1652, but after the French Revolutionary armies had occupied the Netherlands it was eventually sold to Britain for $36 million in 1814. It achieved self-government in 1872 and was an original province of the Union in 1910. This province contains the Orange River, the Drakensberg Mountains, Table Mountain and Wavis Bay. Its principal towns are Port Elizabeth, East London, Kimberly, Grahamstown and Stellenbosch. FTP, identify this largest province of South Africa, whose capital is Cape Town. Cape Province 23. During WWII he was in charge of developing tactics used by the German submarines. At first he was successful in eliminating Allied shipping, but by the end of the war, more than two-thirds of the U-boats had been destroyed. Like many other Germans he claimed that he had been unaware of the atrocities committed by Hitler and the Nazis, and it seems that this was quite convincing, as he received the lightest sentence of any of the major war criminals at Nuremberg. FTP, who is this successor to Hitler who surrendered to the Allies on 23 May 1945? Karl Doenitz

24. As if Massachusettes had not brought enough brilliant thinkers into this world, it had to become home to this innovator in the field of geodesy. Born in 1839, this fellow's work with the pendulum earned him recognition throughout Europe, especially in France, where he was received enthusiastically by the French Academy in 1880 after presenting a paper on the value of gravity. This lead to his being invited to a conference on the pendulum at the Bureau des Longitudes. Of course, his most important work was probably determining the length of the meter from a wavelength of light. Name this scientist who contributed a great deal to the Century Dictionary. Answer: Charles Pierce

25. A visit to Walter Scott introduced this English painter to the landscapes of Scotland, which featured prominently in his work. He enjoyed the favour of Queen Victoria and his friends included Dickens and Thackeray. Although he painted portraits, he is best remembered for his animal paintings, such as Dignity and Impudence. FTP, who is this painter best known for his portrait of a majestic stag in Monarch of the Glen? Edwin Landseer BONI CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Combined packet of Tennessee I and UTC Blue

1. For those of you who noticed that one member of this team has a last name that begins with “Vr-”, here's the name the famous Greek bonus you have all been waiting for. FTPE name these authors: a. This Greek poet, most known for his epic The Axion Esti and The Sovereign Son, won the 1979 Nobel Prize for Literature. Odysseus Elytis b. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1963. He was a poet and diplomat and wrote several volumes of poetry including The Turning Point, Mythistorma, and The King Of Asine. Giorgos (or George) Seferis or Seferiadis He wrote lyric and epic poetry including The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel but is best known for his novels The Greek Passion, The Last Temptation Of Christ, and Zorba The Greek. Nikos Kazantzakis

2. For 10 pts each, given the details of a notable kidnapping, name the kidnapee. a. She was 20 when she was kidnapped on December 17, 1968, from an Atlanta, GA, motel. She was found unharmed 3 days later, buried in a coffin-like wooden box 18 inches underground, after her father had paid $500,000 ransom. Gary Steven Krist was sentenced to life, and Ruth Eisenmann-Schier to 7 years for the kidnapping. Barbara Jane Mackle b. He was abducted at age 6 from a Hollywood, Florida, department store on July 27, 1981. Although his severed head was found 2 weeks later at Vero Beach, FL, his body was never recovered. His father then became active in raising awareness about missing children. Adam Walsh c. On October 1, 1993, this 12 year old girl was abducted at knife point in Petaluma, CA, during a slumber party at her home. Police arrested Richard Allen Davis on Nov. 30, and he led them to her body in a wooded area of Cloverdale, CA. Davis was later found guilty and was sentenced to death. Polly Klaas

3. The pen may indeed be mightier than the sword if you mean one motivating the other. Answer the following, 10 pts. each: (a) After a relative of Wilhelm I withdrew his claim to the Spanish throne, the French ambassador asked Wilhelm for assurances that the claim would never be renewed. Wilhelm refused politely but firmly and sent a telegram to Bismarck saying that the crisis had passed. Bismarck didn’t want it to pass, so he leaked the telegram to insult the French, who took the bait and declared war. For 10 pts. each give the name by which we know the leaked telegram and the ensuing butt-whipping Bismarck laid on the French. [the Ems dispatch (or telegram) and the Franco-Prussian War] (b) Germany wound up on the wrong end of a leaked document in 1917, when this secret message requesting that Mexico attack the U.S was made public and forced the U.S. into World War I. [the Zimmermann letter]

4. For 10 points for the first clue and 5 for the second, name the artist from the work. 1. a.) Sunlight in a Cafeteria b.) Nighthawks Edward Hopper 2. a). The Shelton With Sunspots b.) Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue Georgia O'Keeffe 3. a.) Massacre at Chios b.) Liberty Leading the People Eugene Delacroix

5. When we think of polymers, we think of man-made products, but name these natural polymers for the stated number of points: a) 5 pts.: It’s obtained from many plants that are cultivated in parts of South America, Asia, and Africa. It is heated with sulfur to change it from its soft, tacky state to a more useful form. [rubber] b) 10 pts.: The most abundant natural polymer in the biosphere, this polysaccharide is a chain of glucose molecules that can only be digested by a few microbes, which can be found in the guts of other animals, such as cows and termites. [cellulose] (c) 15 pts.: Another polysaccharide, this nitrogenous polymer is found in many arthropodal exoskeletons and in the hyphal walls of many fungi. [chitin]

6. Years ago someone else wrote the “It’s the End of the World as We Know It” bonus before I got to it. Same with the “We Didn’t Start the Fire” bonus and even the “Kokomo” geography bonus. Well , this year we have the first tournament and this one is MINE. For the stated number of points, identify these people who’re all named in the Barenaked Ladies song “One Week”: (a) 5 pts.: As the song says, this singer & actor, born Gordon Sumner, is indeed a practitioner of tantric yoga. Sting (b) 5 pts.: While he’s starred in some of the most successful films of all time, his resume also includes such bombs as Regarding Henry, Force 10 from Navarone, Hanover Street, The Frisco Kid, and the one mentioned in the song, Frantic. Harrison Ford (c) 5 pts.: Thanks to “Blue,” a song written for but never recorded by Patsy Cline, this singer stormed to country success before she was old enough to drive. Leann Rimes (d) 10 pts.: Since the song’s release, this acclaimed director of Kagemusha, Ran, Rashomon, and The Seven Samurai died. Akira Kurosawa (e) This one’s so obscure that if you get it you receive the full 30 points for this bonus regardless of how many of the others you got right. South Africa’s preeminent big band leader (by default), his lightweight instrumental hits included “Swingin’ Safari”, “That Happy Feeling,” and “Afrikaner Beat.” Bert Kaempfert

7. 30-20-10. Identify the philosopher. 30: In 1649 he was invited by Queen Christina to Sweden, but he was unable to endure the rigors of the northern climate nor the queen’s early bird habits and died not long after arriving in Sweden. 20: Mathematics was his greatest interest; often called the founder of analytical geometry, he became famous for a group of essays which appeared in 1637, including the Discourse on Method. 10: Building upon the work of others, he originated the Cartesian coordinates and Cartesian curves. He also coined the phrase, “Cogito, ergo sum.” ANSWER: René Descartes

8. TRAVELS WITH CHARLIE: Last weekend Charlie was in Charleston for a joyous first among his many travels: this one was on an expense account. Answer the following about his accommodations FTPE: (a) His hotel, Embassy Suites, occupies the renovated arsenal that was the original home of this college, chartered in 1842 as South Carolina Military Institute. [The Citadel] (b) The aforementioned arsenal was erected to house the city militia in response to the abortive 1822 slave uprising led by this man. [Denmark Vesey] (c) The parade grounds of the arsenal are now a city park named for this ancestor of Charlie’s, nicknamed “the Swamp Fox” for his unorthodox tactics during the Revolutionary War. [Francis Marion]

9. Brevity may be the soul of wit, but for book titles it seldom produces the big prizes. You’ll get 10 pts if you can name the novel with a one-word title from the year it won the Pulitzer, or 5 pts if you need the author. (1a) 1926 (1b) Sinclair Lewis Arrowsmith (2a) 1956 (2b) Mackinlay Kantor Andersonville (3a) 1988 (3b) Toni Morrison Beloved 10. For 10 pts. each, identify these physics laws: (a) Capital F = (K times Q sub a times Q sub b) over d squared, where F represents the electrostatic force, K represents a constant of proportionality, Q sub a and Q sub b represent quantities of electrostatic charges, and d represents the distance between the charges. Coulomb’s law (b) Capital R = capital V over capital I, where R represents electrical resistance, V represents electric potential, and I represents electrical current. Ohm’s law (c) s = k log w, which describes the principle of the equipartition of energy Boltzmann’s law

11. Given the deficiency disease, name the vitamin in short supply, 10 pts. each: (a) Rickets [D] (b) Scurvy [C, or ascorbic acid] (c) Beriberi [B1, or thiamine]

12. I just couldn’t get through a tournament without bring up one-hit wonders. Name the artist or group that recording the following songs, 5 pts. each: (a) “I’m Too Sexy” [Right Said Fred] (d) “96 Tears” [? and the Mysterians] (b) “Rumors” [Timex Social Club] (e) “99 Luftballons” [Nena] (c) “Tainted Love” [Soft Cell] (f) “The Rain” [Oran “Juice” Jones]

13. Name the author from works, 30-20-10: (a) Little Tractate in Praise of Dante; On the Genealogy of the Gods of the Gentiles (b) Concerning Famous Women (De Claribus Mulieribus); On the Fates of Famous Men (De Casibus Virorum Illustratum) (c) The Decameron [Giovanni Boccaccio]

14. In the words of Hedley Lamarr, “Land snatch... ‘land’... ‘land’... ‘land’... See ‘snatch.’ ” FTPE answer the following about U.S. public land policy: (a) This 1841 law formalized the concept of “squatter’s rights,” giving anyone who already resided on public land the first chance to buy it when it was surveyed and up for sale. [the Pre-Emption Act] (b) Because Southern interests opposed any free land deals, Buchanan vetoed a weakened version of this bill in 1860. In 1862 Lincoln took advantage of the absence of Southern votes to pass this law granting 160 acres to qualified individuals for a small filing fee and a pledge to reside there for 5 years. [the Homestead Act] (c) Also rejected by earlier Congresses and passed in 1862, this law named for its Vermont sponsor gave each state a huge chunk of Federal land and permitted it to be sold as long as the proceeds endowed at least one college offering courses in agriculture, engineering, and home economics. [the Morrill Land Grant Act]

15. For 10 pts. each, identify the literary work as described in the letters of Alexander Woolcott: (a) "One of the characters is an amiable and gigantic idiot, so tender that he has to fondle everything he loves and so clumsy that he eventually breaks their necks -- mice, puppies, rabbits, tarts -- whatever he happens to be petting at the moment." [Of Mice and Men] (b) “If you are reading it I ought to be in the next room so you can...report that you have just met Mr. Pumblechook and Herbert Pocket and Trabb's boy. And I could tell you how Shaw (mistakenly) points to Estella as proof that Dickens could paint a real heroine." [Great Expectations] (c) "Its narrative has the directness and gusto of Dumas... I was almost through with it when I said to myself: 'God's nightgown! This must be the Peg Mitchell who wrote me once about the little girl who swallowed a water moccasin and the tall man in the wrinkled nurse's uniform!" [Gone with the Wind] 16. For 10 points each, answer these questions about recent museum projects. a. In October, 1997, a new branch of this famous New York City museum opened in Spain, under architect Frank O. Gehry. ANSWER: The Guggenheim Museum b. What city in the Northern Basque region of Spain is the new museum in? ANSWER: Bilbao c. This new museum in Los Angeles was designed by Richard Meier, and is said to be the most expensive arts complex ever built. ANSWER: The Getty Center

17. 10 points each, identify the treaty that ended each of the following wars. a. Thirty Years’ War ANSWER: Peace of Westphalia b. Crimean War ANSWER: Treaty of Paris of 1856 c. Great Northern War ANSWER: Peace of Nystad

18. It's time to play name the eponym, a word named for a person. Give the word for 10 pts. from a description of the namesake or for 5 pts. from a definition of the word,, (1a) The English editor of an expurgated edition of Shakespeare’s plays. (1b) To delete or rewrite written matter considered indelicate bowdlerize (2a) Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1841 to 1846 (2b) The nickname for London’s uniformed police patrol officers. Bobbies; acc. Peelers [singular OK] (3a) James Madison’s Vice President, a former governor of Massachusetts. (3b) To draw an election district in such a way as to favor a political party at the expense of its geographic integrity. gerrymander

19. A religion, by any other name, smells like a cult. Identify these cultish religions, 10 points each. a. This religion was originally known as the Russellites, and one of the requirements of its members is door-to-door preaching, so that they may act as a “watch tower” of Christianity. ANSWER: Jehovah’s Witnesses b. This religion fosters a very strict belief in the omnipotence of God, using prayer and faith in lieu of modern medical techniques. ANSWER: Church of Christ, Scientist or Christian Science [don’t accept Scientology] c. Popular with many celebrities, this religion of self-knowledge has been the target of many anti-cult lawsuits, particularly in Germany. ANSWER: Church of Scientology

20. For 10 pts. each, identify these astronomy terms: (a) The slow shifting of the celestial equator as a result of a motion of the earth's axis about a line perpendicular to the plane of the earth's orbit precession (b) The angular distance of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator, in a plane perpendicular to the equator declination (c) Either of the two points where the great circle of the ecliptic intersects the great circle of the celestial equator on the celestial sphere equinox

21. Ten points each, answer these questions by naming the play in which they appear. For example, “Beatrice and Benedick’s merry war turned out to be this”, leads to Much Ado About Nothing. a. What does Laura Wingfield own? ANSWER: The Glass Menagerie b. Who is Sheridan Whiteside? ANSWER: The Man Who Came to Dinner c. Claude Hooper Bukowski has a lot of what? ANSWER: Hair TOSSUPS CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Combined packets of Roanoke and Vanderbilt Beta Wolf

1. Its largest sect is that of the Ithna Ashariyah, also called the Twelvers. This religious group was founded in the 7th century as a political faction supporting the fourth caliph, the son-in-law of Mohammad. After the caliph, Ali ibn Ali Talib, was killed, the faction developed into a religious group advocating the legitimacy of Ali's descendents, the Alids. The Safavid dynasty of Iran made it the sole legal faith of its empire. FTP, name this Muslim group which has established a foothold in Yemen, Iraq, and Iran over the centuries. Shi'ite OR Shi'ism OR Shi'ah

2. Born in Cincinnati in September 1857, this Yale graduate entered Ohio politics in the late 1880’s. After serving on the Ohio Superior Court for two years, William McKinley appointed him president of the Philippine Commission. Defeated in his run for the Presidency in 1912, he became a professor of Constitutional Law at Yale and in 1921 became Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. For ten points, name the 28th President of the United States, best known for being Teddy Roosevelt’s hand-picked successor in 1908. William Howard TAFT

3. This organic compand is used as a fuel for camp stoves and as a paint and varnish remover; and its most important functions are in the production of nylon intermediates and of benzene. Its boat and skew conformations lack perfect staggering of bonds and are destabilized by torsional strain. The chair confirmation is the most stable state mainly because it has a staggered arrangement of all its bonds. FTP, identify this saturated six-carbon molecule with the formula C6 H12. cyclohexane

4. “Humor,” this author wrote, “is emotional chaos remembered in tranquility.” His own writing illustrated this definition. Generally straight-faced, speaking in steady tones, he tranquilly described his chaotic world of bewildered men, seals in bedrooms, stuffed ex-wives on top of bookcases, and plump boneless dogs with flapping ears. For ten points, name this author, whose works include “The Unicorn in the Garden,” My Life and Hard Times, and “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty.” James THURBER

5. The emotions of this painting are evident in the bold attitudes of the people contrasted with the lifeless figures of the dead heaped up in the foreground. The artist, who had been a member of the National Guard, took pleasure in portraying himself on the left side wearing a top hat. Considered the first political work of modern painting, it celebrates July 28, 1830, the day on which the last Bourbon king was dethroned. FTP, identify this painting whose central figure is a half-naked woman wearing a cap of liberty and carrying a tricolor French flag. Liberty Leading the People

6. This law of chemistry and physics is a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics and need not be considered a separate thermodynamic law. This law was first enunciated by a Swiss-born Russian chemist, in 1840, stating that the heat absorbed or evolved in any chemical reaction is a fixed quantity, and is independent of the path and number of steps of a reaction. FTP, identify this law retains its identity because of its importance as the basis for calculating heats of reactions. Hess' Law

7. In 1969 he was credited with the first hit and the first run in Kansas City Royals history, and later that year he won the American League Rookie of Year Award. He was later traded to the Yankees, where he retired in 1984; and in the late eighties he was briefly general manager and also skipper for the Yankees. FTP, name this former Cincinnati Reds manager, who he led that team to the 1990 World Series, who is now the winningest manager in Seattle Mariners history. Lou Piniella 8. His sudden-death came almost exactly one month after the unexpected death of the man who imprisoned him, military strongman, General Sani Abacha. Abacha was replaced by General Abdulsalam Abubakar, who quickly assured Nigerians he was committed to political reform and the releasing of political prisoners. But for ten points, name this man, the apparent winner of a Nigerian presidential election, who was imprisoned from 1994 until his death on July 7th, 1998. Moshood ABIOLA

9. This first principal of University College, Bristol, was later a member of the Royal Commission on Labor. His magnum opus was distinguished by the introduction of a number of new concepts, such as elasticity of demand, consumer's surplus, quasi-rent, and the representative firm. He also published in 1919 Industry and Trade, a study of industrial organization, and Money, Credit and Commerce in 1923. FTP, identify this author of Principles of Economics, a chief founder of the English neoclassical economics. Alfred Marshall

10. Born in Girgenti, Sicily, he received his education first at the University of Rome and then took a doctorate of philology from Bonn University. His first literary endeavors were as a poet, but soon found his skill writing prose, especially drama. A noted fascist, he and Mussolini announced their mutual admiration for each other in the press; and with Mussolini’s help, he opened his own Art Theatre in Rome in Among his better known plays are “Henry IV” and “Six Characters in Search of an Author.” FTP name the winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1934. Luigi Pirandello

11. Commissioned in 1942, it was a collaboration with Martha Graham as a suite in one of her ballets. It was conceived for a chamber orchestra of 13 instruments, and won the Pullitzer Prize for Music. The suite is in eight sections, presenting the story of a bride and her intended first at a barn dance and then settled in their new home. For ten points, name this work, perhaps the best known by Aaron Copland. Appalachian Spring

12. QUOTE: “As the twilight drew on, its eager yearning for the fire mastered it, and with a great lifting and shifting of its fore feet, it whined softly then flattened its ears down in anticipation of being chidden by the men. But the man remained silent. Later, the dog whined loudly. And still later, it crept close to the men and caught the scent of death. This made the animal bristle and back away.” For ten points, name the Jack London story containing these lines. TO BUILD A FIRE

13. While a student at the University of Kazan, his brother was executed by the Tsar. He was later exiled from the country for his own revolutionary activities. He slipped back into Russia from Switzerland on a train the Germans would allow to cross its borders only if it was sealed. His best known work was The State and Revolution. FTP, name this issuer of the April Theses, the first ruler of Soviet Russia. V.I. Lenin

14. With a specific gravity of 7.5 and a hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs scale, it usually occurs as cubes or of an octahedral form. It is a gray color with a metallic luster. For ten points name this mineral, with chemical name Lead Sulfide, and which is the most common ore of iron. GALENA

15. “The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind” – these words were used by Alexander Pope to describe this man. The son of a high Elizabethan official, he studied law at Cambridge and rose steadily through the legal bureacracy until he stood as the Lord Chancellor of England. In 1621, he fell from grace with a crash, accused of taking bribes in office, and confessing himself guilty of corruption and neglect. The last five years of his life were spent in retirement. His name has stood since as that of a man a little inhuman in his brilliance but all too human in his frailties. For ten points, name this essayist, best known for “The Advancement of Learning” and “Novum Organum.” Francis BACON 16. This nation has approximately 4.5 million people. Its major languages include pidgin English and Motu, among the 715 indigenous languages. It is a constitutional monarchy under the British System, with Prime Minister John Giheno being in office since March of 1997. It is divided into 20 provinces, some of which include Bougainville, Chimbu, East new Britain, Enga and Madang. For ten points, name the nation whose capital is Port Moresby and whose largest province shares the island of New Guinea with Indonesia. PAPUA NEW GUINEA (prompt for more on New Guinea)

17. Claire skipped school to go shopping; Brian was caught with a gun flare, which had gone off in his locker; Andrew taped Larry Lester's buns together; Bender pulled the firm alarm; and Allison didn't have anything better to do. Mr. Vernon forces these Shermer High School students to spend their Saturdays in detention in the library, and to write essays about themselves. FTP, name this 1985 film directed by John Hughes and starring Ally Sheedy and Molly Ringwald, among others. The Breakfast Club

18. A member of the kingdom protista and phylum bacillarrophyte, almost all of these are single-celled algae. They are an important source of food for plankton. For ten points, name these protists, who have hard, silica cell walls and flourish in the cold waters of the Northern Pacific. DIATOMS

19. One of this poet's friends, Edward King, died after spending five years in veritable seclusion, preparing to write and epic poem. As a result, this poet elegized his friend in the poem "Lycidas". FTP, name this poet whose works include the sonnet "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent", and his own epic poem, Paradise Lost? John Milton (Acc: Johannes Miltoni, Summa Poeta)

20. In 1894, as part of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff, the US Congress passed a law which was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court one year later in Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company. Congress responded by offering an amendment to the Constitution. To the chagrin of millions of Americans, the 16th Amendment became law in 1913. For ten points, what did this amendment empower the federal government to collect—sometimes at midnight on April 15.? Progressive INCOME TAX

21. In chemistry it's the splitting of a molecule into simpler molecules; in biology it's a series of synchronous cell divisions, either radial or spiral, which changes the zygote into a multicellular organism; in geometry it's the capacity for a crystallized substance or rock to split along definite planes. Finally, in popular culture it's the depression between a woman's mammary glands. FTP, name the term. cleavage

22. Pelops killed a charioteer named Myrtilus and Oenomaus, the king of Pisa, to gain the hand of Hippodamia, and these treacherous acts affected future generations. His brother Thyestes seduced his wife Aerope and contested his right to rule Mycenae, so he killed Thyestes' sons and fed them to his unknowing brother in a feast. Thyestes and his remaining son Aegistus would later usurp his throne, but he was avenged by his sons Menelaus and Agamemnon, although the murders within the house would continue. FTP, identify this son of Pelops. Atreus

23. John Cleveland, Abraham Cowley, Francis Quarles, Richard Crashaw, Henry Vaughn, George Herbert, and John Donne can all be referred to as this type of poet whose poems are notable for their use of elaborate conceits, a technique which Samuel Johnson would later refer to as "a forcible chaining together of opposites." FTP, name this group of early 17th Century poets. Metaphysical Poets

24. Born to a French father and an Irish mother, he was apprenticed at age thirteen to a cameo cutter. Earning his living in by this craft, he joined a group of American artists including Stanford White, Charles McKim, and John LaFarge. With these artists' assistance he completed a monument to Admiral Farragut in 1880 and two caryatids for a fireplace in Cornelius Vanderbilt's home. FTP, identify this sculptor best known for his monuments to Mrs. Henry Adams and for his design of the $20 gold piece. Augustus Saint-Gaudens BONI CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Combined packets of Roanoke and Vanderbilt Beta Wolf

1) Given a description of its plot, identify the following Ernest Hemingway novels FTP each. a) It is the story of Colonel Cantwell and his love for Renata, a Venetian heiress more than thirty years his junior. Despite a heart condition, he beats up several street thugs and tells Renata, "Let's walk so that even the backs of our legs look dangerous." The book takes its title from Stonewall Jackson's dying words. _Across the River and Into the Trees_ b) Called by Carlos Baker "depression at Key West," this novel tells the story of Harry Morgan, a rum runner whose boat is impounded after he is shot by an FBI man on a fishing trip. William Faulkner adapted this book for the screen; Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall met while making this film. To Have and Have Not c) The story of a submarine boat pilot, set on and around the island of Cuba, it is largely autobiographical, used by Hemingway as a forum to disparage his ex-wives. Originally a four part novel, Hemingway liked the first part so well that he published it independently as The Old Man and The Sea. Islands in the Stream

2. FTSNOP answer these questions about one of 1997’s best movies, As Good as it Gets. For five points, name the obsessive compulsive writer, the protagonist of the story, played by Jack Nicholson. MELVIN UDALL; accept either part For five, name the waitress, played by Helen Hunt. CAROL Connelly; accept either part For five, give full name of the gay neighbor played by Greg Kinnear. SIMON BISHOP; accept either part For five, name Simon’s dog who plays a pivotal role in Melvin’s emergence. VERDELL For a last ten, Melvin answers a question of a fan by saying that he writes women so well by imagining a man and taking a way two things, for five points each, what are they? REASON and ACCOUNTABILITY

3 Answer the following quetions about Japanese history for the stated number of points. (a) For ten points name the Japanese Emperor who acended to the throne in 1928, who pledged to improve the moral and material contition of his “beloved subjects.” HIROHITO; accept Showa [reign name] (b) In 1928, Hirohito took part in the signing of this anti-war pact, which went into effect in 1929, but later nullified it by invading Manchuria. KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT (c) In 1946, Japan transferred its power from the emperor to a national assembly. For ten points, name that assembly. the DIET

4. How good are you at your elementary set theory? We’re about ready to find out, as you’ll need to answer all three elements of the set of questions below. (a) This is the subset of elements in S that are not in A, noted A’ (A-prime). the COMPLEMENT of A (b) This set includes all elements of A and B and those in both. the UNION of A & B (c) Two sets are this if their intersections is the empty set, or they have no elements in common. MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE or DISJOINT

5. FTPE, answer the following random questions about fungi, everyone's favorite kingdom. a) This is the term for the network of fungal filaments or hyphae which make up external thallus and its underground hyphal branches. _mycelium_ b) Some fungi are parasites, and a few others actually prey on small animals. Identify the name for the other type of fungi who live on decaying matter. _saprophytic_ or _saprobic_ (accept their noun forms) c) Identify the division of fungi commonly called "sac fungi" which includes yeast and truffles. _Ascomycota_ 6. It's time for your favorite bonus on American Lit. For the stated number of points, answer these questions about the novel, Stranger in a Strange Land. 5 - Who wrote it? Robert Anson Heinlein 10 - Who is the main character, a being able to levitate ashtrays with his mind who shares his initials with the operating system on a VAX machine? Valentine Michael Smith 15 - Finally, this verb, introduced into the English language by Heinlein, is a synonym for the infinitive "to understand". Tell me you understand by using this word. I Grok

7. World War I was, for the most part, a stalemate, with a series of battles and campaigns which mostly resultedin decimation ofthe armies involved. Name these especially ugly examples, 5 pts. each: (a) At this 1914 battle, the French finally contained the German thrust at Paris and turned the war into a quagmire. Battle of the MARNE (b) The Russians were doing quite well against Austria-Hungary, but chose to answer the French plea for help by attacking Germany The result was this crushing defeat in Prussia, one ofthebloodiest battles in hstory, a blow from which Russia was never to recover. TANNENBERG (c) Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, was the chief supporter of this disaster, an amphibious invasion of Turkey. Launched in February of 1915, it lasted three weeks short of a year and ended with the British surrendering their beachhead and withdrawing in January of 1916. GALLIPOLI (d) In February of 1916, the Germans massed an assault on this southern French town, with the only results to speak of being a combined casualty count of 700,000. VERDUN (e) The British apparently hadn’t learned anything from this, and massed their own attack in the North. 36hrs. of preliminary artillery bombardment and a force of 1 million men was not enough to gain more than 125 square miles, with the British losing 600,000 men, the Germans Battle of the SOMME (f) The final death blow of the allies, it forced the Germans back to the Hindenberg line by September of 1918, and set the stage for the German surrender. AMIENS

8. This year, the Electronic Frontier Foundation won a contest, breaking the US government's approved method of encryption, the DES, quickly and easily if you call 56 hours quickly and using a computer with 27 circuit boards each with 64 chips easily. Answer the following questions for the stated number of points about that contest. For fifteen points, five per word, what does DES stand for? ANSWER DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD For fifteen points, give the three letter name of the company based in San Mateo, Califonia who sponsored the contest, also the three letter name of the most commonly used public-key encryption algorithm. ANSWER RSA

9. Identify the opera based on characters for ten points or given the composer for five points. 1a) Characters: Florestan, Pizarro, Rocco, Leonore 1b) Composer: Beethoven _Fidelio_ 2a) Characters: Marenka, Jenik, Vasek, Kecal 2b) Composer: Smetana The _Bartered Bride_ 3a) Characters: An itinerant hero, Elissa, Belinda, Witches, Sailor 3b) Composer: Purcell _Dido and Aeneas_

10. For the stated number of points, name the character from the Oresteia by Aeschylus. a) 5 pts.: This woman, the daughter of Priam, is the priestess of Apollo who has many disturbing prophetic visions. CASSANDRA b) 10 pts.: Agamemnon’s wife and sister to Helen of Troy. CLYTEMNESTRA c) 15 pts.: Agamemnon’s brother and Clytemnestra’s lover. AEGISTHUS

11. Answer the following questions about Enlightenment Era thinkers for ten points each: a) She believe that while women were absolutely dependent on their husbands, they would be “cunning, mean, and selfish.” A pioneer of feminism, she worked as a governess and teacher in Paris and eventually married William Godwin, a prominent English social thinker. Mary WOLLSTENCRAFT b) This paradoxical precursor of romanticism was born in Switzerland and came to Paris at the age of thirty. Following the works of Hobbes and Locke, he protrayed “savage society” as a functioning, interacting reality reather than an abstraction. Jean-Jacques ROUSSEAU c) He dealt with slavery early on in The Spirit of the Laws. He believed that those who accepted natural rights of human bengs would clearly realize the abhorrence of slavery. He also developed a system of separation of powers in government still apparent in today’s society. Baron de MONTESQUIEU

12. For the given point values, identify the major products of the following chemical reactions. Answer with the compounds' names, not their formulas a) 5 points: Sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution is mixed with aqueous hydrochloric acid _water and salt_ (or sodium chloride, in an aqueous solution) b) 5 points: 2,2-dimethylpropane is completely burned in the presence of oxygen _water and carbon dioxide_ (both in gaseous state) c) 10 points: a piece of calcium carbonate is heated in the presence of oxygen _calcium oxide and carbon dioxide_ (the oxygen above does not react) d) 10 points for three/5 for two: a piece of copper is dropped into a container of aqueous nitric acid _copper (II) nitrate and nitrogen dioxide and water_

13. Identify the following objects from British history for the stated number of points:. a) 5 pts.: The legendary sword of King Arthur Excalibur b) 10 pts.: The symbol of authority for the Scottish king, it was stolen by the English and placed in Westminster Abbey. The Stone of Scoon (or Scone, or The Stone of Destiny) b)Though it never added a drive-thru window, this oldest residence within the Tower of London was originally built by the Normans. The White Castle

14. FTPE, identify these cities in southeastern Asia. a) The Mekong River flows through or borders every nation from Burma west to Vietnam, but it stands on the banks of two national capital. For five points each, identify them. Vientiane and Phnom Pehn b) This capital city on the Strait of Malacca has a prevalence of Islamic architecture, but the Chinese majority has economic power over the Islam and Indian minorities. Identify this home of the Petronas Twin Towers. Kuala Lumpur c) This Vietnamese seaport on the Gulf of Tonkin lies at the edge of the Red River delta. The city, which is a center of industry, was bombed extensively by the U.S. in the 70's and its harbor was mined. Haiphong

15. FTPE, identify these aboriginal indigneous peoples based on descriptions. a) These people live mainly in Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands, but they are physically unlike their Mongoloid neighbours. They are probably descendants of early Caucasoid peoples who were once widely spread over northern Asia. Ainu b) This western group of Pueblo Indians live in typically terraced pueblo structures of stone and adobe and clustered into a number of independent towns. This matrilineal culture is perhaps best known for their snake dance, which men dance with live snakes in their mouths. Hopi_ c) Better known the Bushmen, anthropologists use this term to refer to !Kung and G/wi peoples of Botswana, Namibia, and northwest South Africa. These people once had a hunting and gathering culture, but intervention from "civilized" people has caused them to lose their traditions. San

16. Born in 1919 and graduating from Boston University, this man succeded Leverett Saltonstall as Senator for Massachusetts, defeating Endicott Peabody in 1966. For fifteen points, name the first African-American to be elected to the Senate by a popular vote. Edward W. BROOKE For five points each, name the two previous African-Americans to serve in the Senate. Hiram R. REVELS and Blanche Kelso BRUCE For a final five, name the state represented by both Revels and Bruce. MISSISSIPPI

17. FTPE, identify the Olympic hero based on a description. a) She arrived at the 1972 Munich games at a virtual unknown, but this pigtailed Soviet gymnast departed with four medals-- three golds and one silver--and the admiration of the world. Olga _Korbut_ b) He won six Olympic medals in the 1924 and 1928 games before going on to star in 18 Tarzan movies. He boldly declared many years later, "I was better than Mark Spitz is. I never lost a race. Never." Johnny _Weissmuller_ c) This American discus-thrower won four gold medals at four separate Olympic games from 1956 to 1968. He remained a world-ranked discus-thrower until 1985, just short of his 50th birthday. Al _Oerter_

18. Identify these achievements of imperial Roman architecture for the given amount of points. a) 5 points--Originally constructed by Agrippa, this domed temple to all of the gods was renovated by Hadrian, and it remains in nearly pristine condition. Pantheon b) 5 points--Begun under Vespasian in 72 AD, this structure was originally called the Flavian Amphitheatre, and it used to seat over 50,000 spectators. Colosseum c) 10 points--This arch with three archways was hastily completed in 312 AD after an emperor defeated Maxentius at the battle of Milvian Bridge. The arch takes its name from the victorious emperor. Arch of Constantine d) 10 points--Known as the Antonine Baths in antiquity, these baths, begun under Septimius Severus, were completed in 216 AD and accommodated for 1,600 bathers. Baths of Caracalla

19. Identify the Hindu deity based on a description FTPE. a) A few Rigvedic hymns associate him with the sun and relate the popular legend of his three strides across the universe. He is best known by his avatars Rama and Krishna. _Vishnu_ b) In the Vedic phase of Hindu mythology, this god-sovereign is personification of divine authority. He is the ruler of the sky realm and the upholder of cosmic and moral law. In later mythology he was closely associated with the sea. _Varuna_ c) In later Hindu mythology he was known as the just judge who weighs the deeds of the dead and determines their retribution. He passed over into Buddhist mythology where he occupies as similar role. _Yama_

20. FTPE, identify the law of electromagnetism based on a plagiarized description. a) This law states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it. _Lenz's_ Law b) This law states that the magnitude of the emf induced in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux that cuts across the circuit. _Faraday's_ Law (of induction) c) An alterative expression of the Biot-Savart Law, it is stated in mathematical language: the line integral of the magnetic field around an arbitrarily chosen path is proportional to the net electric current enclosed by the path _Ampere's_ Law 21. For the stated number of points, answer the following questions about explorers. (a) 5 pts.: This Danish navigator proved that Asia and North America are not joined by land by sailing through his namesake’s straight into the Arctic Ocean. Vitus BERING (b) 10 pts.: Searching for the Seven Cities of Cibola in the 1540’s, he explored what is now Arizona and New Mexico, introduced horses into the Southwest, and discovered the Grand Canyon. Francisco CORONADO (c) 15pts.: He explored Western Canada in 1807 and was the first to reach the source of the Columbia River, crossing the Horse Pass. David THOMPSON

22. TV Guide recently assembled a list of the top 100 TV episodes. Given each episode and the decade of the series, identify the episode. You will receive a five point bonus for all correct. a) Crepes of Wrath; the 90's the _Simpsons_ b) Sammy's Visit; the 70's _All in the Family_ c) Love's Labor Lost; the 90's _ER_ d) Chuckles Bites the Dust;the 70's the _Mary Tyler Moore Show_ e) The Boyfriend; the 90's _Seinfeld_

23. FTPE, identify the following influential figures in the development of cell theory a) This Dutchman and amateur of early microscopy noticed the first living cells, which he called "animalcules". He deserves credit for discovering both blood cells and sperm cells. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek b) This German zoologist and botanist duo clearly stated in 1839 that cells are "elementary particles of organisms" in both animals and plants F5PE name them. Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden c) After Schwann and Schlieden boldly declared that plants and animal were made of cells, the origin of cells was still in despite. This other German biologist in 1855 first asserted that "omnis cellula e cellula", all cells come from cells. Rudolph Virchow

24. For five points, I’ll give you a state nickname and you give the state. 1. Peace Garden State ANSWER: North Dakota 2. Land of Enchantment ANSWER: New Mexico 3. The Natural State ANSWER: Arkansas 4. Old Line State ANSWER: Maryland 5. Gopher State ANSWER: Minnesota 6. Beehive State ANSWER: Utah

25. FTP each, given clues about the authors for whom a particular literary age is named, identify the literary age. All ages are ages within the Augustan era. 1)Named for the most dominant figure in the years immediately following the English Civil War, the author for whom this age was named was made poet laureate in 1668. Known for his poems "MacFlecknoe" and "Absalom and Achitophel", he died in 1701. John Dryden 2)FFP each, following the Age of Dryden, two authors were most dominant. The first was a satirist, known for his Dunciad, The Rape of the Lock, and his Essay on Criticism. The second was known for his also satire in such works as "A Modest Proposal" and Gulliver's Travels. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift 3)After the deaths of Pope and Swift in 1744 and 1745, this man, the greatest of English critics and the subject of Boswell's biography gained fame for his Dictionary. Samuel Johnson TOSSUPS -- KENTUCKY CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. According to many scholars, its opening quotation, "What Tarquinius Superbus spoke by means of the poppies was understood by the son, but not by the messenger", implies that this book can only be understood in terms of the abandonment of the author's love affair with Regine Olsen. Published under the pseudonym Johannes de silentio and subtitled "A Dialectical Lyric", this 1843 work contrasts "the tragic hero", who must make an agonizing decision within the bounds of the ethical domain, and the so-called "knight of faith", who, due to a "teleological suspension of the ethical", must commit to an action which cannot be defended as ethical, as seen in the story of Abraham and Isaac. FTP, name this philosophical work by Soren Kierkegaard. Fear and Trembling (or Frygt og baeven)

2. One potential problem with this theory -- that it deals with ten-dimensional space-time -- may be resolved by allowing six of the dimensions to be compactified so they are unnoticable. But other problems remain -- inability to explain the masses of the known particles and the implied existence of "shadow matter" with which normal matter can interact only through gravity. When supersymmetry was added to an early 1970s theory which sought to explain the strong force, it led to this theory which considered massless, one-dimensional entities with a length equal to 10 to the -33 cm. FTP, name this theory, which became popular in the 1980s when Michael Green and John Schwartz showed it to be a candidate for a unified quantum theory. superstring theory

3. Later works, including "The Man Born To Be King" and "Creed or Choas", are imbued with a strong religious bent. After obtaining a degree in medieval literature from Oxford in 1915, this author published popular translations of "Tristan in Britanny", "The Song of Roland", and "The Divine Comedy", although "Paradiso" was left unfinished at her death in 1954. Her short stories often featured the sleuth Montague Egg, but she is best known for works like "Strong Poison", "The Unpleasantness of the Bellona Club", and "The Nine Tailors". FTP, name this author who created the erudite detective Lord Peter Wimsey. Dorothy Sayers

4. He advocated an independent black economy within the framework of white capitalism, backing his words by establishing Negro Factories Corporation and the Black Star Line. Controversial due to support of the KKK, he was indicted for mail fraud in 1922, after which Coolidge had him deported. He’d come to the U. S. from Jamaica in 1916, and 3 years later was known as the “Black Moses” due to a following of 2,000,000. FTP name the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus (Mozaih) Garvey

5. Samuel Taylor Coleridge called this musical instrument an "actor, perfect in all tragic sounds!" Called a "musical autophone" when it was rediscovered in the mid-17th century, it is composed of a soundbox up to a meter long containing 4 to 12 strings of equal length but different thickness tuned to the same note. Because of the strings' varying thickness, harmonic chords are produced whenever wind passes through the soundbox. FTP, identify this musical instrument named for the Greek keeper of the winds. Aeolian harp; prompt on harp

6. Of the family Varanidae, it was almost driven to extinction because of collectors, and is now a protected species. Living in burrows up to 9 meters deep, these lizards reproduce by laying eggs which hatch in April or May, after which the newly hatched young live in trees for several months. Living mostly on carrion, they are typically 10 feet in length, 300 pounds, and can live up to 100 years of age. FTP, name these lizards of the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, the largest extant lizard species. Komodo dragon

7. This leader, whose most famous pseudonym means "Enlightener", was born on May 19, 1890, in Kimlien, Annam, and at the age of 21 became a cook on a French steamship. Using the name Nguyen the Patriot, he helped found the French Communist Party, and in 1930 founded the Indochinese Communist Party. He died in 1969, but not before he declared himself president of a French colony, won the battle of Dien Bien Phu, and led his country into war with the United States. FTP, name this communist leader for whom Saigon is now named. _Ho_ Chi Minh (or _Nguyen Tat Thanh_) 8. The papers of this psychologist were published posthumously as "The Farther Reaches of Human Nature". Author of "Religion, Values, and Peak Experiences", this native New Yorker argued that each person has a hierarchy of needs that must be satisfied, and that a higher need cannot be addressed until lower needs have been fulfilled. FTP, name this social scientist, author of "Motivation and Personality" and "Toward a Psychology of Being". Abraham Harold Maslow

9. This compound is an excellent solvent for rubber, gums, fats, and many resins. Since 1950 it has been prepared from petroleum, but historically it has been obtained chiefly from coke-oven gas. Known to cause leukemia after long exposure, it was named in 1845 by A.W. von Hofmann, 20 years after it was discovered in illuminating gas made form whale oil by Michael Faraday. Although amended to take into account Pauling's resonance hybrid theory, its basic structure is still held to be the hexagonal formula proposed by Kekule. FTP, name this simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, with formula C6H6. benzene

10. The author of this 1979 work called it "a novel in the form of variations". Comprised of seven interrelated stories, its main theme can be found in two sections, entitled "Lost Letters" and "The Angels", which tell of Tamina, a waitress who struggles to hold onto the memory of her dead husband, and who drowns trying to escape from an island inhabited by children. Containing the author's characteristic eroticism, it is set against the backdrop of post-Prague Spring Czechoslovakia. FTP, name this novel by Milan Kundera. The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (or Le _Livre du rire et de l'oubli_ or _Kniha smichu a zapomneni_)

11. This comedian's act has been called "the lamest possible act in the world" by his writer, Robert Smigel. In the vein of his hero, Don Rickles, he has unleashed verbal beratings upon such stars as Tom Arnold, Fabio, Pauly Shore, and David Hasselhoff; pretty good for a Yugoslavian mountain hound who got his start performing at the Westminster Dog Show, and who periodically brings his act to Late Night with Conan O'Brian. FTP, name this comic/hand puppet who would say that this is a good question "for me to poop on!" Triumph (or the _Insult-Comic Dog_)

12. This battle began when Prince P.I. Bogration crossed the Alle River and led repeated attacks against the seemingly isolated forces of Marshal Jean Lannes. Lannes, although outnumbered two to one, held off General Leonty Bennigsen's Russian Army for nine hours, until about 65,000 members of the Grand Army joined the fray, pushing the Russians into a tiny village. The Russians’ tightly packed troops were decimated by volleys of canister and grapeshot, leading to 19,000 casualties and providing Napoleon with a major victory. FTP, name this June 14, 1807, battle which led to the Treaty of Tilsit. Battle of Friedland

13. The image of dusk is a recurring theme in this experimental novel, whose chapters are interspersed with poems such as “Portrait in Georgia”, “Harvest Song”, and “November Cotton Flower”. The first section records the frustrated lives of the black inhabitants of a small Georgia town. The second, set mainly in Washington, D.C., tells of the spiritual quest of those who abandoned their rural roots in hopes of finding a new life, while the artistic struggles of a Southern schoolteacher are detailed in the final section, "Kabnis". FTP, name this 1923 novel which ushered in the Harlem Renaissance, written by Jean Toomer. Cane

14. After a seventy-year absence from the Western Hemisphere, a major outbreak of this disease occurred in Peru in 1991. Although only limited protection is available through immunization with a vaccine of killed vibrio bacteria, rapid recovery is possible with prompt fluid and salt repletion; however, inadequate therapy leads to a high mortality rate. The toxin enters the body via the mouth, and , after an incubation period of 12 to 28 hours, causes an infection in mucous membranes lining the lumen of the small intestine, causing massive diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration, lowered blood pressure, and a faint pulse, with the skin becoming cold and withered. FTP, name this acute bacterial virus. cholera 15. He required less sleep than a bird, could see 100 leagues, and could hear grass growing in the meadows and wool growing on sheep. Called the whitest skinned of the gods, he is noted for his rivalry with Loki, with whom he struggles for the possession of the Brisingamen neckless. This rivalry with result in their killing each other at Ragnarok, the coming of which this god will announce with Gjallarhorn. FTP, name this watchman of the gods who guards Bifrost. Heimdall (or _Heimdallr_ or _Rigr_)

16. He published works like "Castilian Days" and "Pike County Ballads", and collaborated with John Nicolay on "Abraham Lincoln: A History", based on his time as assistant to Lincoln's private secretary. His political career, began in earnest in 1879, when he became assistant secretary of state. After serving as ambassador to Great Britain from 1897-98, he directed peace negotiations after the Spanish-American War, organized the annexation of the Philippines, and negotiated a 1901 treaty which allowed the United States to construct the Panama Canal. FTP, name this secretary of state under McKinley and Roosevelt, champion of the Open Door policy. John Milton Hay

17. This native of Gary, Indiana, was the first recipient of the American Economic Association’s John Bates Clark Medal. In a series of papers starting in 1954 he revived, clarified, and extended analysis of the production and allocation of public goods. His 1948 work Economics is still the elementary college textbook in many countries, while in Foundations of Economic Analysis he unified the treatment of the basic decision units in the economy and showed that supply and demand theories could be derived from the postulate that consumers maximize satisfaction and firms maximize profits. FTP, name this winner of the Nobel Prize for Economic Science in 1970. Paul Samuelson

18. When Isaac Newton said that he could see so much because he stood upon the shoulders of giants, it is believed that he was insulting this scientist's small stature. A pioneer in microscopic research, this native of the Isle of Wight discovered plant cells. After the Great Fire he was appointed surveyor of London, and designed Montague House and Bethleham Hospital. As assistant to Robert Boyle he helped design the air pump, and later formulated a theory of planetary motion which allowed for elliptical orbits, but lacked the mathematical knowledge to prove the theory, opening the door for Newton to take the credit. FTP, name this scientist, whose law states that an elastic body stretches in proportion to the force that acts upon it. Robert Hooke

19. This painter of "Joy of Life" practiced the violin two hours a day, because he wanted to be able to support his family by performing on a street corner should he fail as an artist. Among his eclectic output was the set design for Diaghilev's production of "Le Chant du Rossignol", a book of paper cutouts entitled "Jazz", and the decorations for the Chapelle du Rosaire in Vence. His first successes in painting came with "Woman Reading" and "The Dinner Table", while "The Dessert, a Harmony in Red", "Red Studio", and "Green Stripe" displayed his typical use of violent color. FTP, name this artist, the leader of Fauvism. Henri Matisse

20. One legend holds that he may have been the student of the female poets Myrtis and Corinna, while another says that he died at Argos in the arms of his male lover Theoxenus. This Boeotian's work was a favorite of Hellenistic scholars, who admired his difficult, allusive style. After publication of his works by Aldus Manutius the Elder, his characteristic verse form was adapted for use by poets like de Ronsard and Cowley. Four of his 17 volumes of poetry survive today, revealing his mastery of the epinicia and his association with the Pythian games. FTP, name this Greek, often called the greatest Greek lyric poet. Pindar (or Pindaros or Pindarus)

21. This king just couldn't get along with anybody; he ordered the death of his nephew Prince Arthur, a rival to the throne supported by Philip II of France, who consequently conquered all of England's continental territories except AquitaIne. After this failure, he refused to receive Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury, resulting in England being placed under papal interdict and this king being excommunicated. The oppressive government of this son of Henry II nicknamed Lackland provoked baronial opposition, which led to a historical meeting at Runnymede in 1215. FTP, name this king who signed the Magna Carta. King John Lackland 22. The name of this religious movement is derived from the Arabic term meaning "wool", probably in reference to the woolen garments worn by early Islamic ascetics. An organized movement arising among pious Muslims as a reaction against the worldliness of the early Umayyad period, this movement initially strove to maintain observance of the Shari'ah, or traditional law, but it eventually produced dervish orders, which created a schism with the Shari'ah and which emphasized the attainment of hypnotic and ecstatic states. One of this movement's practices is the dhikr, the recitation of the name of God. FTP, name this mystical Islamic sect in which Muslims seek to find divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience with God. Sufism (or Sufiism)

23. This author's tales "Ingenue of the Sierras" and "A Protegee of Jack Hamlin's" won him acclaim in England after his popularity had waned in the United States. A part-founder and editor of “The Overland Monthly”, this author’s rise to fame had begun with the release of his "Condensed Novels", which parodied the works of Cooper, Dickens, and Hugo, and continued with the publication of the poem "Plain Language From Truthful James". FTP, name this master of local-color fiction who described life during the California gold rush in "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" and "The Luck of Roaring Camp". (Francis) Bret _Harte_

24. Problem 14 of the Moscow Papyrus provides a demonstration of the calculation of the volume of this object. The volume can be calculated by the formula V equals H over 3 times the quantity A squared plus AB plus B squared, where H is the vertical height, A is the length of a side of the base, and B is the length of a side of the top; if B equals zero, then the volume of a regular square pyramid results. FTP, name this object created when the top is removed from a square pyramid. _frustum_ (prompt on truncated pyramid) BONI -- KENTUCKY CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. Sure, you've heard bonuses concerning "The Castle of Otronto" and those other seminal gothic novels over and over again. Let's seen how much you know about these other novels in the gothic vein, FTSNOP. A. This 1798 novel by Charles Brockden Brown, which tells of a religious enthusiast who kills his family on the urging of a ventriliquist, established Brown's reputation as "father of the American Novel". Name it, FTP. Wieland, or The Transformation B. F5P, gothic novels are pariodied in this posthumously published Jane Austen work, which tells of Catherine Morland, who learns not to interpret the world through her reading of gothic thrillers. Northanger Abbey C. F15P, Thomas Love Peacock in turn pariodied Austen's novel in the 1818 work, which describes the conversations between Scythrop, Mr. Floshy, and Mr. Cypress, who represent Percy Shelley, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Lord Byron. Nightmare Abbey

2. FTSNOP, name these centaurs from Greek myth. A. F5P, this centaur, famous for his skill in hunting, gymnastics, medicine, music, and prophecy, served as tutor to Achilles, Peleus, Theseus, and other Greek heroes. Chiron B. While taking Hercules' wife Deianira across a river on his back, this centaur tried to carry her away, but was killed by one of Hercules' arrows. While dying, he told Dieanira to take some of his blood, saying it would act upon Hercules as a love charm. However, it was poisonous, and, after intolerable agonies, Hercules placed himself on a pyre and had himself burned to death. Nessus C. Little is known of this centaur, except that he too was killed by Hercules. In the "Divine Comedy", this centaur joins Chiron and Nessus in welcoming Dante and Virgil to the Seventh Circle of Hell. Name him, F15P. Pholus

3. FTPE, name these related figures from British politics. A. This British politician became prime minister on the resignation of Anthony Eden. Name this prime minister noted for his visit to the Soviet Union and his failure to have Britain admitted to the European Economic Community. (Maurice) Harold Macmillan B. In 1963, Macmillan's government was weakened by a scandal concerning the personal life of this man, Macmillan's Secretary of State for War. John Profumo C. The Profumo affair resulted after Profumo deceived the House of Commons about the nature of his relationship with this woman, who, at the time, was also involved with a Soviet diplomat. Christine Keeler

4. FTPE, identify these often confused French mathematicians. A. He removed the last apparent anomaly from the theoretical description of the solar system by showing that lunar acceleration is dependent upon eccentricities of the Earth's orbit. He is also noted for his transform, defined as f of p equals the integral from 0 to infinity of e to the minus pt times capital F of t dt Pierre Simon Laplace B. His "Mecanique analytique" summarized all the work done in the field of mechanics since the time of Newton. He is known for his multiplier, which provides a means for finding the maximum and minimum values of a function of several variables. Joseph-Louis Lagrange C. Laplace's jealosy kept this mathematician from obtaining major government positions. His "New Methods for the Determination of Comet Orbits" contains the first published account of the method of least squares, while his "Elements of Geometry" rearranged and simplified Euclid's Elements and contained the first proof that pi squared is irrational. His symbol expresses whether a number is a quadratic residue modulo of an odd prime number. Adrian-Marie Legendre 5. Do you believe in magic? Well, some social scientists do. FTPE, name these thinkers who have studied the social function of magic. A. In "The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life", this French sociologist proposed that magical rites comprise the manipulation of sacred objects by a magician on behalf of individual clients, an idea that was also examined by his nephew, Marcel Mauss. Emile Durkheim B. This English social anthropologist added to Durkheim's work on society and magic in his major work, "The Andaman Islanders". Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown B. This man, widely recognized as the founder of social anthropology, is principally associated with field studies of the peoples of Oceania. One of the major works dealing with the social function of magic is his "Argonauts of the Western Pacific". Bronislaw Malinowski

6. This question writer can't seem to keep the titles and authors of all those novels with women's names in the titles straight. Let's see how you do. Name the authors of these works, F5PE. A. Jenny Gerhart Theodore Dreiser B. Alice Adams Booth Tarkington C. Myra Breckenridge Gore Vidal D. Annie Kilburn William Dean Howells E. Marjorie Morningstar Herman Wouk F. Manon Lescaut Abbe Prevost.

7. 5-10-15, name these moons of Saturn. A. This is the largest moon of Saturn, and the only satellite in the solar system known to have clouds and a dense atmosphere. Titan B. This satellite essentially composed of pure water ice has a diameter of 657 miles and orbits at a distance of 182,689 miles. It is known for two unique features, the long crack extending along three-quarters of its circumference, and a large crater measuring 250 miles in diameter and having a large central peak. Tethys C. W. H. Pickering reported the existence of this satellite in the early 20th century, but it has never been recovered and probably does not exist. Themis

8. Name these related laws and Supreme Court decisions, FTPE. A. This 1940 act made it a criminal offense to advocate violent overthrow of the government, or to organize or be a member of any group or society devoted to such advocacy. Smith Act (or Alien Registration Act) B. After World War II, the Smith Act was made the basis of a series of prosecutions against leaders of the Comunist Party and the Social Workers Party. The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of the principal leaders in this 1951 case. Dennis et al. vs. the United States C. In this 1957 case, the Court used a strict reading of the language of the Smith Act to limit its use only to the urging of unlawful action, thus modifying the Dennis decision. Yates vs. the United States

9. Name these important battles of the Mexican War, FTPE. A. Two battles in early May 1846 saw Zachary Taylor's outnumbered forces hold their own against Santa Anna's Mexican troops. FTP name either. Palo Alto or Resaca de la Palma B. When Taylor appeared to be making little progress, Winfield Scott used a supplementary force to affect the seaborne invasion of this city in March 1847. From here, Scott would push northwest into the heart of Mexico. Veracruz C. This April 1847 battle, located about 60 miles northwest of Veracruz, marked the first serious resistance to Scott's march to Mexico City. Santa Anna entrenched his 12,000 men in a mountain pass near Plan del Rio, but Robert E Lee's flanking maneuver helped break the Mexican lines, resulting in a US rout. Cerro Gordo 10. FTPE, give the terms describing these features of glaciers. A. This term describes the transitional material between snow and ice, and is formed from snow which lasts through a summer melt season. firn B. From the French for "ring", this is a deep, steep-walled recess or hollow, semi-circular in shape, situated high on the side of a mountain and at the head of a glaciar valley. cirque C. From the German for "mountain crack" this is a deep and often wide crevasse in the ice and firn found at or near the top of an alpine glacier that separates moving ice and snow from the immobile ice and snow adhering to the headwall of a cirque. bergschrund

11. FTPE, name these pitchers who experienced every hurler's nightmare by breaking their arms while in the act of throwing. A. A 1983 All-Star for the San Diego Padres, this lefty broke his arm due to the effects of cancer, which eventually resulted in the amputation of his arm. Dave Dravecky B. This hurler, who pitched a perfect game for the Cincinnati Reds, had his career effectively ended by his fracture, despite a comeback attempt with the Royals in 1995, when he posted an 8.10 era in two starts. Tom Browning C. After he was traded to Cleveland from Cincinnati for the Indian's stretch run in 1997, this lefty broke his arm while warming up in the Indians' bullpen, and has yet to return to action. He is best-known for his 20 win season with Pittsburgh in 1991. John Smiley

12. You know, John Smith sure does get around, doesn't he? Identify the following authors who have used various incarnations of John Smith in their works. You will receive 5 points for one correct, 15 for two, or 30 for all three. A. John Smith appears as a master mason whose social status advances with the professional success of his architect son Stephen in this author's "A Pair of Blue Eyes". Thomas Hardy B. John Smith turns up as a glove maker at whose lodgings Clarissa Harlowe dies in this author's "Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady". Samuel Richardson C. Finally, John Smith is a San Francisco chandler who supplies the Norah Creina in this author's "The Wrecker". Robert Louis Stevenson

13. This leader first appears in history in 394 as a leader of the Visigoths who were used as mercenary troops by the Roman emperor Theodosius I. F5P, name this king of the Visigoths who would eventually sack Rome. Alaric I After the death of Theodosius, the Visigoths renounced their allegiance to Rome and sacked Corinth, Argos, and Sparta before being defeated at Pollentai and Verona by the armies of this half-Vandal Roman general. F15P, name this leader, who would defeat Alaric again in Italy in 402. Flavius Stilicho This Roman emperor pulled one of the biggest snafus in the history of the empire by first angering Alaric by reneging on his promise to pay the Visigoths 4,000 pounds of gold, and then compounding the problem by executing Flavius Stilicho, the only general who had been able to defeat Alaric. Not surprisingly, Alaric sacked Rome in 410. FTP, name this emperor who cowered in Ravenna while Rome was sacked. Honorius I

14. 5-10-15, name the artists of the following Impressionists works. A. F5P, the series of paintings of the Rouen Cathedral and of the river Seine Claude Monet B. FTP, "Vegetable Garden at the Hermitage, Pontoise" and "Bather in the Woods" Camille Pissarro C. F15P, "La Seine a Bougival", "Flood at Port-Marly", "Street at Moret" Alfred Sisley 15. Many scientific achievements have been used for the benefit of a country at war. Name these chemistry Nobel Prize winners from the work which aided Germany during the World Wars FTPE, or F5PE if you need more information. 1A. This scientist headed Germany's chemical warfare department during World War I, in addition to coordinating the chlorine gas attack at the second battle of Ypres. 1B. He won the Prize in 1918 for his methof of ammonia synthesis. Fritz Haber 2A. This scientist developed a method for preparing nitric acid by oxidizing ammonia, which was used by Germany in World War I for the manufacture of explosives after their supply of nitrates was cutoff. 2B. For this achievement he was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize. Wilhelm Ostwald 3A. This chemist studied the conversion of wood into sugar, which helped feed Germany during World War II. 3B. With Karl Bosch, he shared the 1931 Nobel Prize for the above, and for his method of converting coal dust and hydrogen directly into gasoline. Friedrich Bergius

16. Although T.S. Eliot is remembered mainly for his poetry, he was also an important literary critic and theorist. FTPE, answer these questions about this side of Eliot's literary life. A. Eliot used this phrase to explain the change that occurred in English poetry after the heyday of the Metaphysical poets, a result of the natural development of poetry which led to more elevated language and cruder emotions. Dissociation of Sensibility B. This theory held that the only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding a set of objects, a situation, or a chain of events which serves as the formula by which the emotion is evoked in the reader. Objective Correlative C. Eliot's theories of the "objective correlative" and "dissociation of sensibility" were put forth in this 1920 book of critical essays, which includes the articles "Hamlet and His Problems" and "Tradition and the Individual Talent". The Sacred Wood

17. 30-20-10, name the philosopher from works. A. "Between Man and Man", "The Prophetic Faith", "The Knowledge of Man" B. "The Tales of Rabbi Nachman", "The Legend of the Baal-Shem" C. "I and Thou", "On Judaism" Martin Buber

18. This question writer misses the good ole days in United States history when we had a Secretary of War. FTPE, name these former occupants of the now-defunct post. A. Serving from 1829-31 under Andrew Jackson, this Tennessee native is now remembered for the rumors concerning his relations with his wife when she was still Mrs. John Timberlake. John Henry Eaton B. Serving in 1841 under Harrison and Tyler, he was a candidate for the United States presidency in 1861. John Bell C. Secretary of War from 1899-1904, he is remembered for his work in establishing a civil government in Puerto Rico and for his 1912 Nobel Peace Prize, awarded for his promotion of international arbitration. Elihu Root

19. FTPE, identify these effects from physics. A. In certain radioactive substances in which atoms are held together in a tight crystaline structure, gamma rays are emitted without any recoil taking place. If such a gamma ray strikes an atom of the same element held in a similarly tight crystaline structure, another gamma ray of exactly the same frequency may be emitted. Mossbauer effect B. If two wires of different materials are joined at their ends and one end is maintained at a higher temperature than the other, a voltage difference will arise, and an electric current will exist between the hot and cold unctions. Seebeck effect C. If the spectral lines of a light source are subjected to a strong magnetic field, the lines will be split into several polarized components. Zeeman effect 20. FTPE, name these major waterways of Russia. A. This river rises in southwestern Siberia on the slopes of the Altai mountains and flows about 2,300 miles into the Arctic Ocean. Along with its chief tributary, the Irtysh, it makes up the longest river system in Asia. Ob B. This Siberian river originates west of Lake Baikal and flows north for 2,680 miles before emptying into the Laptev Sea. Yakutsk is the principal city on this river. Lena C. This river, about 2,550 miles in length, forms in the eastern part of Tuva, flows swiftly through a deep gorge in the Sayan Mountains, then less turbulently south of Krasnoyarsk, through the taiga and tundra, and into an arm of the Kara Sea. Usually frozen from November to May, its chief tributaries include the Kan, Angara, and Kureyka. Yenisey

21. FTSNOP, identify these types of leukocytes. A. F5P, these bodies are associated with antibody formation, although it is not positively known whether they actually produce or merely transport antibodies. lymphocytes B. F15P, these granulocytes are especially prominent during allergic reactions, when they engulf antigen- antibody complexes and apparently limit the effects of certain chemicals, like histamine, that appear during a foreign-body reaction. eosinophils C. FTP, these bodies, along with eosinophils and basophils, comprise the granulocytes. They are phagocytic bodies, engulfing and sometimes digesting bacteria at the site of an infection. neutrophils

22. FTPE, name these European Wars from the treaties which ended them. A. Treaty of Vienna, 1738 War of the Polish Succession B. Treaty of Utrecht, 1713 War of the Spanish Succession C. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748 War of the Austrian Succession TOSSUPS --GEORGIA TECH I CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. Declared by the World Telegram and Sun as "The biggest thing of the century in musical theater," it opened March 15, 1956 at the Mark Hellinger Theater and had the longest run of any musical until Fiddler on the Roof arrived in 1968. This Lerner-Loewe creation featured Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews as Professor Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolitle respectively. FTP name this musical based on Pygmalion. \My Fair Lady\

2. Francesco walked Giuliano to the cathedral arm-in-arm for High Mass attended by a cardinal from Rome. During the Mass the plotters plunged their daggers into Giuliano 19 times while 2 priests attempted to stab Lorenzo. FTP name this 1478 conspiracy to assassinate the joint rulers of Florence, Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici named after the assassins, members of a rival banking family. \Pazzi conspiracy\

3. The idea of it was first discussed in 1865 at the Paris home of Edouard Rene Lefebvre de Laboulaye in the company of a man who would later act on it. Its foundation and pedestal was designed by the architect Richard M. Hunt. With the help of Joseph Pulitzer, the money needed for it was raised. FTP name this monument dedicated in 1886 and sculpted by Auguste Bartholdi. \Statue of Liberty or Liberty Enlightening the World\

4. It was said that he remained a virgin throughout his life So near the time of his death, he granted 2 islands of the Azores to his nephew and heir Fernando, and assigned the spiritualities of the Madeira islands to the Order of Christ. FTP name this grandson of John of Gaunt, who devoted his wealth and his energies to maritime exploration. \Prince Henry the Navigator\

5. They include two xis [pronounced zie’s], three sigmas, two hperions, and an omega. The omega was the only one predicted; the others were found in particle-accelerator and cosmic-ray experiments. None of those are stable, unlike the two most famous members of this group. FTP name this class of subatomic particles which also includes the proton and neutron. \baryons\

6. This playwright’s early career was marked by naturalistic tendencies, but works like Hannele and And Pippa Dances! exhibit a shift to more poetic and symbolic writing. His 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature came before such works as The Fool in Christ and Till Eulenspiegel. FTP, who is this German, author of The Weavers and The Sunken Bell? \Gerhart Hauptmann\

7. Initially derived from the Hebrew for Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, this word was written as a triangle and suspended from the neck. Once used to ward off evil spirits, it now refers to any meaningless jargon. FTP, what is this word, frequently associated with magic? \abracadabra\

8. In 1833, President Andrew Jackson sought removal of government deposits from the Bank of the US as a result of his election triumph. Legality of this removal was upheld by this Attorney General, although 2 successive secretaries of the treasury refused to take action. A few months later he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury and the funds were moved to state banks that were called "pet banks.” FTP what man from Maryland did Jackson appoint as Chief Justice after the death of John Marshall in 1835? \Roger Brooke Taney\

9. A celebration in honor of Faunus, this ceremony was suppressed by 494 A.D. Celebrants gathered at the site where Romulus and Remus were suckled, carrying goat’s hides smeared with blood. FTP, what is this February 15 Roman fertility holiday? \Lupercalia\ 10. Even though his discovery saved millions of lives, the medical profession put up opposition to the practice. He was refused admission to the Royal College of Physicians in London in 1813 on the ground that he was not sufficiently up on Hippocrates and Galen. A Gloucestershire doctor, he gave an eight year old boy named James Phipps some fluid from a cowpox blister on a milkmaid’s hand. Two months later, he gave the little boy the smallpox virus. When the boy lived, he became the first person vaccinated. FTP, who was this doctor who invented vaccination? \Edward Jenner\

11. The name of this animal was the Malay term for the “savage” people of the Sunda Islands and means verbally “man of the woods.” An anthropoid ape found in the swampy forests of Borneo and Sumatra, it has the brain most similar to that of humans. It differs from its relatives the gorilla and the chimpanzee in that the nose is broad and flattened, the upper lip long and broad, and the arms extremely long. FTP name this ape whose name is not derived from the color of its coat of long sparse hair. \Orangutan\

12. This author won an O. Henry award for Shut a Final Door. He toured the Soviet Union with a production of Porgy and Bess, and wrote The Muses are Heard based on that experience. His most famous work is a nonfiction novel, the story of a multiple murder by two people. FTP, who is this author of Local Color, several screenplays, and Breakfast at Tiffany’s? \Truman Capote\

13. In 1904, he was appointed governor of New York after he presided over hearings into scandals in the life insurance business. Later, while running for President, this man lost votes by failing to disclaim support of German-American and Irish-American groups that criticized President Wilson's foreign policy. With running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana he led the GOP Presidential ticket in 1916. FTP name his man, who from 1930 to 1941 was Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. \Charles Evans Hughes\

15. The movie has its climax on the beach, where David is the king of a sand castle, and, suffering from heat exposure, thinks he sees his wife out at sea. Esther, portrayed by Kathy Baker, tries to wrestle the title character’s daughter Rachel from David, played by Peter Gallagher, because he has visions of his dead wife. Claire Danes is the title character’s daughter Rachel, and she is seen in a skimpy bikini that floats everyone’s boat. FTP, what is this drama starring Michelle Pfeiffer as the dead title character who won’t be there to celebrate her birthday? \To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday\

16. Though it may be sin to say so in Tennessee, rotgut whiskey is a special kind of good in economist’s eyes. These goods have negatively sloped Engel curves, at least over some income range. This reflects that an increase in income causes a corresponding decrease in consumption of the good. FTP, what are these goods, other examples of which are potatoes and second-hand clothing? \inferior goods\

17. This poem was first published in 1883 in Lutece. It is in part a response to a Baudelaire poem that attempted to distinguish between art and reality, and it was written under the sponsorship of Paul Verlaine. It is the story of a boat adrift after all three passengers have been massacred. FTP, what is this poem, by Arthur Rimbaud? \The Drunken Boat\

18. After mastering Greek and Latin by the age of 10, this man had written histories of Rome and Holland before turning 12. His father James was a good friend of Bentham and Ricardo, and he himself learned all there was to know about economics at 13. His Principles of Political Economics was a major work in the field, but is overshadowed by his other work. FTP, who is this author of Considerations on Representative Government, Logic, and On Liberty? \John Stuart Mill\

19. It was first defined based on the number of hydrogen atoms that would combine with one atom of a given element. The first redefinition was based on the charges of ionized atoms, and the second on the number of bonds an atom forms with other atoms. FTP name the number indicating the ability of a chemical element to combine with other elements. [valence or valency] 20. This work was published in 32 cantos in 1835, and expanded to 50 cantos later. Its three central characters area musician, a smith, and a warrior. One of the stories is of three heroes’ journey to Pohjola. Along this journey, the sampo, a mill which produces salt, meal, and gold, is recovered. FTP, what is this epic, compiled by Elias Lönnrot, which inspired Longfellow and Sibelius? \Kalevala\

21. He was the father of Hespirides and the uncle of the daughters of Hesperus. When Hercules was sent to retrieve the apples of Hespirides, he asked him to get them for Hercules. In return, Hercules would trade places with him during the duration of his quest. FTP, who was this Titan who almost escaped holding up the heavens? \Atlas\

22. This playhouse reopened in 1966, having burned in 1951. The first production, in 1904, was On Baile’s Strand. Plays by Padraic Colum, J.M. Synge, and Sean O’Casey have since been performed here. FTP, what is this Dublin Theatre? \Abbey Theatre\

23. The drawings in his book are reputed to have been drawn by Jan Stevenzoon can Calcar, a pupil of Titian. As revolutionary in his field as Copernicus was in astronomy, he refuted many of the notions of the Greek physician Galen. Also like Copernicus, he got in trouble with the Church for his notions, and was brought before the Inquisition. He later died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. FTP, who was this Flemish author of De Humani Corporis Fabrica, the father of modern anatomy? \Andreas Vesalius\

24. Now the name of a Tanzanian mountain, it originally referred to one eighty thousand leagues high. At the center of the world, it is the abode of Vishnu. FTP, what is this mountain of Hinduism? \Mount Meru\

25. After its death, Heracles dipped the tips of his arrows in its poisonous blood. Those arrows, when fired, would cause incurable wounds. Virgil later placed it in the underworld as a guardian, although in most stories its died at the hand of Hercules and Iolaus. FTP, what was this 7 headed monster of greek mythology? \Hydra\

26. The earliest fossil of this order is a remarkably well preserved animal from the Ecocene rocks in the Green River formation of Wyoming. Given the name Icaronycetris, and it was clearly of the micro subgroup. FTP, what is this old order whose members use highly sophisticated echolocation for orientation? \Chiroptera\ BONI --GEORGIA TECH I CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. Name these works from opening lines, FTPE *Today is a day of great triumph. There is a king of Spain. He has been found at last. That king is me. \Diary of a Madman\ *riverrun, past Eve and Adam’s, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodious vicus of recirculations back to Howth Castle and environs. \Finnegan’s Wake\ *That was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie, and Dim, Dim being really dim, and we sat in the Kordova Milkbar. \A Clockwork Orange\

2. 30-20-10-5 name these objects: Potassium 40 and argon 40, the most common inert-gas nuclide existing on earth, are used to test the age of these objects. The Hoba West, located in Africa, is the heaviest of these objects at 60 tons. One type used to be found almost exclusively in Kansas. There are two types. The stony ones are composed chiefly of silicates, and iron one made up of mostly iron and nickel. There is a third type, carbonaceous chondrites, but those are quite rare. They strike the earth over 500 times a year. \Meteorites\

3. On March 27, 1814 a major general of the Tennessee militia with 2,000 volunteers won a final victory on the Tallapoosa River in present day Alabama. FTP each: *Who was the major general? *\Andrew Jackson\ *What battle was it? *\Horseshoe Bend\ *In what war that was fought from 1812-1814 ending with the Treaty of Fort Jackson, was this battle fought in? *\Creek Indian War\

4. 30-20-10, name the composer from clues. He authored the texts Our New Music and What to Listen for in Music. Born in New York in 1900, he won the Pulitzer in 1945. Lesser known works include the Latin-themed Danson Cubanas and El Salon Mexico. His musical pieces in Rodeo and Billy the Kid. \Aaron Copland\

5. FTPE name these leaders of the now-defunct nation of Czechoslovakia: (a) One of Czechoslovakia’s founders, he returned as President after World War II but was forced to resign by a Communist coup in 1948. Eduard Benes (b) In 1968 this liberal replaced hardliner Antonin Novotny as party first secretary. His reforms led to the brief “Prague Spring” before Soviet troops invaded and ousted him. he lived to be elected to the first free Czech parliament in 1990. Alexander Dubcek (c) This playwright and dissident led the”Velvet Revolution” of late 1989 and became the first and last president of post-Soviet Czechoslovakia. Vaclav Havel

6. Name the actors who play these supporting roles on Dawson’s Creek for 10 points each (the central role belonging to Katie Holmes, of course). *In season 1, this is the new girl in Capeside, from New York. Her name is Jen. \Michelle Williams\ *This is Joey’s long time friend, Dawson. \James van der Beek\ *This is Dawson’s primary male friend, Pacey. \Joshua Jackson\

7. Answer these questions about Faulkner’s The Hamlet for ten points each. *Name the other two works in the trilogy. \The Town, The Mansion\ *Name the family chronicled. \Snopes\ * And for a final, well deserved 10 points, name the hamlet. \Frenchman’s Bend\ 8. Name these figures from Hindu mythology FTPE. * Legend says Vishnu plucked off one white and one black hair, and the second became this deity, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. He is often shown playing his flute to attract the gopis to dance around him. \Krishna\ * She wears only a garland of skulls and girdle of severed hands. She is the fierce aspect of Devi, and is smeared with blood. Who is this chief consort of Shiva? \Kali\ * His elephant was created when Brahma chanted seven songs over two halves of an eggshell, and is called Airavata. He is the god of battle and storms, and the chief god of the lower pantheon. FTP, who is this destroyer of Ahi, who is also known as Mahendra? \Indra\

9. For the stated number of points, identify these three elements with almost nothing in common: (5) This silvery metallic synthetic element was produced in 1944 by bombarding plutonium with alpha particles. All of its 13 isotopes are radioactive, and it is the only element named after two people. \Curium\ (10) Although not found in nature, this element was produced by bombarding Einsteinium with alpha particles. It was named after the man who found that atomic properties are a function of atomic mass. \Mendelevium\ (15) This was the first element named for a person, and the only one of the eighty-one stable elements named after a human being. \Gadolinium\

10. Lots of great things happened on March 2. Identify these FTPE. *1877: This dispute was finally resolved, with one person fading to obscurity and one becoming a forgotten president. \Hayes-Tilden\ *1917: The Jones Act was passed by the U.S. Congress, establishing this island as a US territory. \Puerto Rico\ *1944: This movie received the 1943 Oscars for best picture, best director, and best screenplay at the Academy Awards ceremony in Los Angeles. \Casablanca\

11. Identify these Ibsen plays, 5-10-15. This title character sees in Hilda a representation of the younger generation which is encroaching on him, and a sort of inspiration. She encourages him to try, despite his vertigo, to climb to the top of his newest creation, but he falls to his death. \The Master Builder\ Gregers Werle interferes with his friend Hjalmar’s illusionary world so much that Hjalmar concludes his daughter Hedvig is not her own, and she eventually kills herself. \The Wild Duck\ The title character in this play ends up working with his wife and former fiancé to try to convince young Erhart that his duty to his relatives is more important than striving for his own happiness. This comes after the title character marries and goes to prison for misappropriating bank funds, having been turned in by Hinkel, who also caused the breaking off of his engagement to Ella Rentheim. \John Gabriel Borkman\

12. FTPE, identify these things kinda sorta related to each other. * This pseudoscience is commonly said to habe been begun by Hermes Trismegistos, who supposedly provided the basic document, the Emerald Tablet. \Alchemy\ * His real name was Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastic von Hohenheim, and his patients included Froben and Erasmus. Name this alchemist whose three principles were mercury, sulfur, and salt. \Paracelsus\ * It is not known for certain that this thirteenth century scientist wrote Speculum alchemaie. His major contribution to Science was his insistence on the superiority of observation and experiment over mere argument, and is remembered by the name doctor mirabilis. \Roger Bacon\

13. Name the most populous city in each of the following states FFPE. * Wisconsin \Milwaukee\ * North Dakota \Fargo\ * Kentucky \Louisville\ * Missouri \Kansas City\ * South Dakota \Sioux Falls\ * New Jersey \Newark\ 14. FTPE name these Irish rebels: (a) He led a 1798 rebellion inspired by the French Revolution, which was put down by England with a great loss of life. Wolfe Tone (b) The popular agitation he led in the 1820’s prompted Parliament to pass the Catholic Emancipation Act in 1829. Daniel O’Connell (c) Spared execution after the Easter Rebellion because he was an American citizen, this Irishman of part Portuguese ancestry led the Fianna Fail party and was the first Prime Minister of an independent Ireland Eamon de Valera

15. For the stated number of points, identify these orders of Mammalia. These mammals have a streamlined body, vestigial hind legs, and a blowhole. \Cetacea\ This order includes pigs, horses, giraffes, and antelopes and usually have 2 or 4 digits on each limb. \Artiodactyla\ Ancestors of this order include the glyptodont, the most heavily armored vertebrate that ever existed, and the giant ground sloth, which was bigger than the modern day elephant. \Edentata\

16. Name these NHL awards from past winners FTP or from the wordy official description F5P each: (1a) Ray Bourque, Paul Coffey,Bobby Orr, Chris Chelios (1b) “To the defense player who demonstrates throughout the season the greatest all-around ability in the position.” James Norris Memorial Trophy (2a) Gump Worsley, Ken Dryden, Patrick Roy [pronounced Rwah], Dominic Hasek, Grant Fuhr (2b) “To thegoalkeeper adjudged to be the best at his position.” Vezina Trophy (3a) Bobby Hull, Brett Hull, Wayne Gretzky, Stan Mikita, Marcel Dionne (3b) “To the player adjudged to have exhibited the best type of sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with a high standard of playing ability.” Lady Byng Trophy

17. For the given number of points, identify these Jovian satellites. This moon, the nearest Galilean to the surface of the planet, circles Jupiter in 1.77 days. From its speed, astronomers have been able to calculate Jupiter’s mass. For five points, name it \Io\ For ten more points, all or nothing, name the other 3 Galilean satellites. \Europa, Ganymede, Callisto\ In 1892, Edward Emerson Barnard discovered a fifth satellite of Jupiter. FTP, name this last moon of Jupiter to be discovered by eye observation. \Amalthea\ For a last five points, identify the satellite that recedes the furthest from Jupiter. At its apogee, it is 20.6 million miles from the planet. \Pasiphae\ ( Accept Jupiter VIII. Do not accept Sinope or Jupiter IX. It has a greater average distance, but not greater apogee distance)

18. 30-20-10, name the artist from clues. He made the film L’Etoile de Mer and the work New York 1920. He was a friend of Duchamp and an exponent of Dada and Surrealism. He was involved with the Lost Generation in Paris, and created the Rayogram. \Man Ray\

19. On a 5-10-15 basis, name these Angry Young Men This novelist and poet produced such works as Russian Hide and Seek, A Case of Samples, and the Booker Prize winning The Old Devils as well as Lucky Jim. \Kingsley Amis\ This author, who left school at 14, wrote The Far Side of the Street and The Widower’s Son. His first major publication was Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, and he is most famous for The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner. \Alan Sillitoe\ Perhaps incorrectly identified as part of the group, this man wrote novels and poetry, including the collections Weep Before God and Professing Poetry. His novels include A Winter in the Hills, The Pardoner’s Tale, and Hurry on Down, or Born in Captivity. \John Wain\ 20. For the stated number of points, given the "War Hawks" name the states they represented in congress: Henry Clay *\Kentucky\ John C. Calhoun *\South Carolina\ Felix Grundy *\Tennessee\ Peter B. Porter \New York\

21. For the given number of points, identify these parts of the brain. This tough bridge of white matter connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain \corpus callosum\ This part of the brain contains a pleasure center that is the source of all joy in life, as well as an appestat to control appetite and an area that has to do with the sleep cycle. \hypothalamus\ Named for a French surgeon, patients with aphasia usally possess physical damage to this area of the left cerebrum. \Broca’s convolution\

22. 30-20-10-5. Identify this person from anecdotes. To pursue a career as a doctor or chemist, in 1868 she and her older sister arranged "fictitious marriages" to radical compatriots including a promising young paleontologist. After unable to find work for four years, they returned to her native country where she became an elementary school teacher and showed her weakness in basic arithmetic, especially the multiplication table. She had an eccentric uncle who told her fairy tales, taught her to play chess, and talked about squaring the circle, asymptotes, infinity. At 14, while studying Optics from a borrowed neighbor’s physics book, she substituted "a chord for the mysterious sine," and independently rediscovered the method by which the concept of sine had developed historically. When she was eleven years old, an ill-planned redecorating scheme came up short on wall paper, and her bedroom was temporarily papered with the lithographed pages of some old calculus lecture notes from her father's university days She was the first woman member of Russian Academy of Sciences, the first modern European woman to attain full professorship. She also established the first significant result in general theory of partial differential equations. \Sonya Kovalevsky\

23. 30-20-10, name the author from works. Literature and Science, Time Must Have a Stop The Perennial Philosophy, The Doors of Perception Eyeless in Gaza, After Many a Summer Dies the Swan \Aldous Huxley\

24. 30-20-5, identify this part of the human body Praxagoras of Cos, a Greek physician of the third century BC provided the name of these structures from the Greek words meaning “I carry air” because they were found empty in dead bodies. During his studies of the human body, William Harvey tied up this vessel and saw that the vessel always bulged on the side between the heart and the blockage. It carries blood away from, not towards the heart. \Arteries\ Tossups CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Vanderbilt Omega Wolf (Steve Schroeder)

1. In the 1930s, its discoverer claimed it was the remains of a six-foot-tall, knife-wielding gibbon-relative. A skullcap and femur found by Dutch anatomist Eugene Dubois in 1891 near the Solo River at the village of Trinil, it was originally given the genus Pithecanthropus, but eventually was reclassified as an early example of Homo erectus. FTP, give the name for these fossil remains discovered on an island of the Malay Archipelago. Answer: Java man (prompt on Homo erectus or Pithecanthropus erectus before they are said)

2. The most nearly complete original version is at the Asiatic Society library in Calcutta and has 516 A-A-B-A rhymed epigrammatic quatrains. One famous translation was done in 1968 by Robert Graves in collaboration with Sufi poet Ali-Shah of this work whose name is Arabic for “quatrains.” FTP, name this work by a 12th- century Persian poet which was most famously translated in 1859 anonymously by Edward Fitzgerald. Answer: The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (prompt on Rubaiyat)

3. About 4,800 mostly inexperienced troops took up a defensive position in a narrow mountain gap against 16,000 troops who had marched through the desert to a village eight miles south of Saltillo. Jefferson Davis’ 1st Mississippi Volunteers helped repel an attack by Santa Anna’s men on Zachary Taylor’s left flank, and the Mexicans suffered 1,500 casualties before retreating. FTP, what was this February 22-3, 1847 battle of the Mexican War? Answer: Battle of Buena Vista

4. In 1948, using a system based on fourths, he rewrote his 1922 work The Life of the Virgin Mary. He produced a set of 12 fugues for all keys, Ludus Tonalis, and Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Carl Maria von Weber after leaving Nazi Germany in 1939. He made a goldsmith who murders his clients to regain his work the main character of his opera Cardillac. FTP, name this neoclassical composer of The Harmony of the World and Mathis der Maler. Answer: Paul Hindemith

5. After he was elected to the assembly, his proposal to levy antiproperty tax on rent and interest was defeated, and he was imprisoned from 1849-52 for criticizing Louis Napoleon. In works like System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Misery, he opposed utopian socialists like Fourier by envisioning what he called “order in anarchy.” FTP, name this man who answered the titular question What Is Property? by writing it “is theft.” Answer: Pierre Joseph Proudhon

6. In medicine, one type of tomography injects certain isotopes into the body and tracks photons resulting from emission of these particles. Bremsstrahlung or gamma rays with energies of more than 1 million electron volts striking the nuclei of atoms produce pairs consisting of electrons and these, which would produce a burst of photons if they met. FTP, name these particles, confirmed in 1932 by Carl David Anderson after being theorized in 1928 by Paul Dirac. Answer: positrons (also accept positive electron or antielectron)

7. This phenomenon has been called a Spunkie and the Fair Maid of Ireland. John Milton and Walter Scott called it Friar Rush, while Shakespeare called it by its Latin name, ignis fatuus. Some legends say it is the spirits of dead children leading travelers astray, and it is also called elf-fire and Jack o’ Lantern. FTP, give this name which is metaphorically a misleading hope and which is literally phosphorescent light hanging over swampy ground at night. Answer: Will o’ the Wisp (prompt on the alternate names, as well as “fool’s fire” or “foolish fire”) 8. His first poetry collection, Love Poems and Others, was published in 1913, shortly after the beginning of his intense, troubled relationship with Frieda Weekley. They went to America in 1922 at the invitation of wealthy admirer Mabel Dodge, and such poems as “Snake,” from the collection Birds, Beasts, and Flowers, came from his stay in Taos. Fascinated with the Aztec culture he saw in Mexico, wrote The Plumed Serpent. FTP, name this man, whose other works include TheRainbow and Sons and Lovers. Answer: D(avid) H(erbert) Lawrence

9. Denver Post sports columnist Mark Kiszla recently had his license suspended by the Baseball Writers of America for taking some from the locker of Rockies slugger Dante Bichette, who has since given it up. Sales of it have tripled since August, though General Nutrition Centers won’t sell it. FTP, name this testosterone- producing “dietary supplement” pill which was the center of a small controversy when Mark McGwire admitted he used it. Answer: Androstenedione (prompt on “Andro”)

10. Covering more than 200 acres and consisting of two separate mounds, it was excavated in 1922 by Sir John Marshall south of Larkana, Pakistan. It was founded around 2500 BC, collapsed around 1700 BC due to increased salinity in the local soil and attacks by chariot armies from the north, and was notable for its plumbing and the grid pattern of its streets. FTP, name this largest settlement of the Harappan or Indus Valley civilization. Answer: Mohenjo-Daro

11. Robert Green Ingersoll and Sir Leslie Stephen were two prominent adherents to this doctrine with its roots in the writings of David Hume and Immanuel Kant. The term was introduced into English by Metaphysical Society associate Thomas Henry Huxley. Clarence Darrow said all it meant was “I do not pretend to know where many ignorant men are sure.” FTP, name this view that the existence of God is neither certain nor impossible. Answer: Agnosticism

12. Androgeus was killed when Aegeus sent him to Marathon to capture it, but Theseus later caught it and sacrificed it. It was roaming near Athens because Heracles had released it after he captured it as his seventh labor. It had been sent by Poseidon to confirm a man’s divine right to rule, but it was not sacrificed as he demanded of that man, Minos. FTP, name the animal that Poseidon made Pasiphae fall in love with to produce the Minotaur. Answer: the Cretan bull

13. It was based on Spanish scholar Pedro Mexia’s The Foreste; or, Collection of Histories and written in two parts, each with five acts. What Ben Jonson called its “mighty line” established blank verse drama in English after its 1590 publication. In it, a Scythian shepherd becomes a bandit and then conquers Persia, but his cruelty and lust for power end in ruin. FTP, name this first play by Christopher Marlowe, about a 14th-century Tatar conqueror. Answer: Tamburlaine the Great

14. He discovered that the liquid obtained by crushing yeast with fine quartz sand had the same power as living yeast to ferment sugar, thus proving that fermentation was a result of a chemical reaction. He won the 1907 Nobel Prize in chemistry for finding that substance, the enzyme zymase. FTP, name this man who also has a device used for filtering by suction, a funnel with an internal perforated tray on which filter paper is placed, named for him. Answer: Eduard Buchner 15. Their fortune, founded on the control of Spanish mercury production and the sale of silver and copper mined in Tyrol and Hungary, began to grow in 1495. They were worth 6 million gulden by 1546 and financed the Habsburg emperor, but a 1550 attempt to monopolize Bohemian tin production by Anton resulted in the loss of the wealth amassed by family patriarch Jakob. FTP, name this family from Augsburg best known for their banks. Answer: the Fuggers

16. It is about 172 miles long and has an area of about 4,300 square miles. In ancient times it was called Propontis, and its islands, the largest of which is about 50 square miles, are known for their quarries of white marble. Cities located on it included Kadikoy and Bursa, and it is separated from the Aegean Sea by the Dardanelles and from the Black Sea by the Strait of Bosporus. FTP, name this inland sea which separates Turkey. Answer: Sea of Marmara

17. He pioneered the technique of using false perspective in a painted apse to create a feeling of depth as he worked on the awkward site picked for the Church of Santa Maria presso Santo Satiro in 1488. In Rome, he built the Tempietto of San Pietro in Montorio for Pope Julius II, but he never finished his planned additions to the Vatican palace. FTP, name this High Renaissance architect who also never completed his planned rebuilding of St. Peter’s Church. Answer: Donato Bramante (prompt on Donato di Pascussio d’Antonio)

18. According to legend, it was “discovered” around 600 AD by an Ethiopian goatherder who noticed his animals were very energetic. In a poem about it, Talleyrand wrote, “Black as the devil, / Hot as hell, / Pure as an angel, / Sweet as love.” It comes from trees of the madder family, whose cherry-like seeds are harvested from Liberian, robusta, and Arabian varieties of the tree and processed. FTP, name this caffeinated beverage brewed from beans. Answer: coffee

19. He had been having a long-running affair with Susan Hayes when his wife Marilyn was murdered at their home in Cleveland on July 3, 1954. A biased judge, Edward Blythin, helped get him convicted despite his claims that a “man with bushy hair” was the real killer. In 1966, F. Lee Bailey appealed his case to the Supreme Court and got his conviction reversed. FTP, name this doctor whose story inspired the TV series The Fugitive. Answer: Samuel Sheppard

20. It begins with a visit from Sergeant Major Morris and ends with the line “The streetlamp flickering opposite shone on a quiet and deserted road.” In between, an old couple’s son dies in a work accident, they are given a large compensatory payment, and the son apparently comes back to life and is banished again, all because of three wishes. FTP, name the object responsible for these events and you’ve named the 1902 short story by W. W. Jacobs. Answer: “The Monkey’s Paw”

21. They belong to family Crotalidae and are split into two genera: Sistrurus, containing the massasauga and pygmy varieties; and Crotalus, containing such varieties as the water, horned, prairie, and timber, and characterized by foreheads covered with small scales. Their most distinctive feature is made up of “buttons” produced by molting their skins. FTP, name these poisonous members of the pit viper family, known for their distinctive noise. Answer: rattlesnakes 22. Writers from this country include Alberto Blest Gana, the author of Martin Rivas; and the author of Sub terra, Baldomero Lillo. Another writer from here was actually born in Peru, where her father was a diplomat, and later went into exile in Venezuela, where she wrote De amor y de sombra. FTP, name this country also home to the author of Desolacion, whose real name was Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, and the author of Canto general, Pablo Neruda. Answer: Chile

23. He was appointed treasurer of a royal expedition of about 300 men led by Panfilo de Narvaez in 1527. They sailed into Tampa Bay in 1528 and marched toward Mexico, but were captured on Galveston Island by American Indians. He escaped in 1535 and trekked throughout the area before returning to Spain in 1537. FTP, name this explorer best known for his accounts of the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola and of his captivity among the Indians. Answer: Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

24. The Oriental variety of it is a type of calcite, is often translucent with dark or colored streaks, and was used in ancient Egyptian and Roman tombs. The true variety of it is a type of gypsum with a hardness of about 1.5, a uniform, fine grain, and a snow-white color, and is carved and used in statuary. FTP, name this mineral whose smoothness and whiteness has resulted in it being used in love poems to describe women’s skin. Answer: alabaster

25. Drugs used to treat this disorder include monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which interact with tryamine, and such tricyclic/tetracyclic drugs as imipramine, doxepin, and desipramine. There are two types of it: a simple one which features only episodes of it, and the bipolar type, which features periods of extremely high activity interspersed with it. FTP, name this disorder characterized by feelings of helplessness and sadness. Answer: depressive disorder or depression (also accept bipolar depressive or manic depressive before reading “two types”) BONI CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Vanderbilt Omega Wolf (Steve Schroeder)

1. Give the following book titles which are also the only name given to the main characters in the book FTPE. A. The title character of this 1952 novel is a young black man who leaves the South for New York City but is disgusted there as well and ends up living in a hole in the ground. Answer: Invisible Man B. The title character of this 1933 novel is a male newspaper columnist who tries to give advice to the lovelorn but ends up dying when he becomes too involved. Answer: Miss Lonelyhearts C. The main character in this 1850 novel is a sailor on the Man-of-War Neversink, where frequent floggings are used to maintain discipline. Answer: White-Jacket

2. FTP each, name the following pre-Reformation religious martyrs. A. This first vicar-general of the Dominican order in Tuscany attacked pope Alexander VI and as a result was hanged and had his body burned in 1498. Answer: Girolamo Savonarola B. This prominent supporter of the English Lollards was hanged and burned in 1417 for leading a Lollard revolt against his friend Henry V. Answer: Sir John Oldcastle C. This Bohemian reformer taught many of John Wycliffe’s doctrines in Prague and was burned at the Council of Constance in 1415. Answer: John Huss (or Jan Hus)

3. Name the following things associated with electricity for the stated number of points. A. 5 points: Superconductivity is the disappearance of this property in certain materials at near-absolute-zero temperatures. Answer: electrical resistance B. 10 points: This is the process of converting an alternating current to a direct current with a device that only allows current to flow in one direction. Answer: rectification (accept rectifier) C. 15 points: Made by cooling certain waxes in a strong electric field, they are bodies that permanently have opposite charges at their extremities. Answer: electrets

4. Identify the following from Australian aboriginal legend FTP each. A. Much aboriginal myth is shown in rock paintings on this monolith, which they call Uluru. Answer: Ayers Rock B. This is the name given to the legendary ancient era of creation populated by great spiritual ancestors. Answer: the Dreamtime C. Also called a yidaki, kanbo, or mago, this musical instrument made of logs hollowed out by termites plays many important roles in aboriginal legend. Answer: didgeridoo

5. For the stated number of points, name the following Soviet leaders from clues. A. 5 points: As leader of the Soviet Union, he engaged in the “Kitchen Debate” with Richard Nixon and precipitated the Cuban Missile Crisis. Answer: Nikita S. Khrushchev B. 10 points: Before becoming general secretary of the Soviet communist party, he was head of the KGB from 1967 to 1982. Answer: Yuri V. Andropov C. 15 points: He served for sixteen continuous years as premier, longer than anyone else, but he was subservient to Brezhnev. Answer: Aleksey Kosygin 6. FTP each, Identify the following terms from law, all beginning with the same letter and ending with the same four. A. The bringing of a person who has been formally accused before the court that has jurisdiction to try the person to answer the accusations of the indictment. Answer: arraignment B. A form of defense or plea that ends an action on the grounds that a technical error of fact prevents continuation of the action. Answer: abatement C. The act of seizing property or apprehending persons by writ of a court of record and bringing such property or persons within the custody of the law. Answer: attachment

7. Name the following parts of the human kidney FTP each. A. The kidney is made up of approximately 1 million of these excretory units which contain the Loop of Henle. Answer: nephrons B. This is the cup-shaped end of a nephron which encloses the glomerulus and send its filtrates into the nephron. Answer: Bowman’s capsule (also accept renal capsule) C. This is the indentation on the concave inner border of the kidney through which blood vessels enter and leave. Answer: hilum

8. Name the following paintings which appeared in 1893 FTP each. A. This 1893 expressionist painting features two figures in the background and a figure with open mouth and hands to face in the foreground. Answer: The Scream (or The Cry) B. This 1893 Mary Cassatt painting featuring a man, woman, and young girl apparently out on holiday has a title reminiscent of an 1881 work by Renoir. Answer: The Boating Party (NOT The Luncheon of the Boating Party) C. Some of the paintings in Claude Monet’s series of twenty of this building were finished in 1893. Answer: Rouen Cathedral

9. Identify the 18th century poets from lines FTP each. If you need the poem the line is from you will get 5 points. A. 10 points: “where ignorance is bliss, / ‘Tis folly to be wise.” 5 points: “Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College” Answer: Thomas Gray B. 10 points: “What charm can soothe her melancholy, / What art can wash her guilt away?” 5 points: “When Lovely Woman Stoops to Folly” Answer: Oliver Goldsmith C. 10 points: “I was angry with my foe; / I told it not, my wrath did grow.” 5 points: “A Poison Tree” Answer: William Blake

10. Answer the following about unrest in Boston leading up to the American Revolution. A. 5 points: This man was the first killed during the Boston Massacre. Answer: Crispus Attucks B. 10 points: The British seizure of this appropriately named sloop owned by John Hancock set off a major riot in 1768. Answer: Liberty C. 15 points: The Sons of Liberty were formed around the time of the 1765 pillaging of the house of this man, a judge who had been selected stamp distributor by the British. Answer: Andrew Oliver 11. Identify the present-day African countries from things that occurred there FTP each. A. 5 points: The uprising of the Kikuyu people in the Mau Mau Rebellion. Answer: Kenya B. 10 points: The 1962 splitting of the Action Group, the major Yoruba political party, and a 1967-70 civil war. Answer: Nigeria C. 15 points: A 1964 drive for independence by a guerrilla group known as FRELIMO. Answer: Mozambique

12. Given the highest point in a state and its elevation, name the state FTP each. A. Mount Washington, 6,288 feet Answer: New Hampshire B. Granite Peak, 12,799 feet Answer: Montana C. Mount Mitchell, 6,684 feet Answer: North Carolina

13. Name the philosophers somehow related to empiricism FTP each. A. He first systematized empiricism in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Answer: John Locke B. He set forth his idea that the world could not be explained in terms of an absolute scheme determining the interrelation of things in his Essays in Radical Empiricism. Answer: William James C. He coined the term “immediate empiricism” to refer to his own philosophy, but others have called it instrumentalism or experimentalism. Answer: John Dewey

14. Name the following Hugo Award-winning science fiction stories from brief summaries FTP each. A. A psychic detective tries to catch a killer in this 1953 winner of the first Hugo award. Answer: The Demolished Man B. This 1961 winner by Walter M. Miller deals with religion trying to preserve knowledge in the wake of a nuclear war. Answer: A Canticle for Leibowitz C. A young boy unwittingly leads a war in space in this 1986 novel by Orson Scott Card. Answer: Ender’s Game

15. Identify the following “onlies” of Ludwig van Beethoven for the stated number of points. A. 5 points: Beethoven’s only opera. Answer: Fidelio B. 10 points: Beethoven’s only ballet. Answer: The Creatures of Prometheus C. 5 points: Beethoven’s only oratorio, it is named for the place where Gethsemane was located. Answer: Christ on the Mount of Olives (or Cristus am Oelberg) D. 10 points: This 1813 composition is the only Beethoven work called a symphony but not numbered with his symphonies. Answer: Battle Symphony (also accept Wellington’s Victory)

16. FTP apiece, name the following scientific measuring devices. A. This instrument, a famous one of which was devised in 1887, is used for the ultraprecise measurement of wavelengths of light, small distances, and optical phenomena. Answer: interferometer B. In its simplest form, this device invented by Samuel Pierpont Langley is a Wheatstone bridge with two platinum strips and is used to measure tiny amounts of radiant energy. Answer: bolometer C. An example of one of these instruments is the psychrometer, which uses wet and dry bulb thermometers. Answer: hygrometer

17. Name these historical horses FTP each. A. Alexander the Great’s horse, his name meant “bull-head.” Answer: Bucephalus B. This was the horse that Caligula made a consul and priest. Answer: Incitatus C. This was the horse Robert E. Lee rode throughout the Civil War. Answer: Traveler

18. Identify the books of the Old Testament from which the following quotations come, FTP each. A. “There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yes, four which I do not understand:” Answer: Proverbs B. “And after the earthquake a fire; but the Lord was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice.” Answer: 1 Kings C. “The sun also rises, and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it arose.” Answer: Ecclesiastes (also accept The Preacher)

19. Identify the author from works on a 30-20-10 basis. 30 points: Cock-a-Doodle Dandy, Within the Gates 20 points: Behind the Green Curtains, The Shadow of a Gunman 10 points: Juno and the Paycock, The Plough and the Stars Answer: Sean O’Casey

20. Name the following concepts from chemistry which are each named after two people FTP apiece. [Note to moderator: the names may be reversed and still be correct] A. 5 points: The theory that states that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Answer: Bronsted-Lowry Theory B. 10 points: A process of obtaining aluminum from bauxite by dissolving it in fused cryolite and electrolyzing it with graphite anodes. Answer: Hall-Heroult process C. 15 points: The substitution of an alkyl group or an acyl group on a benzene ring with an aluminum chloride catalyst. Answer: Friedel-Crafts Reaction 21. Identify the following pieces of Russian Romantic music and their composers given clues F5P each. A. Witches dance and worship the god Chernobog before a church bell tolls in this 1867 work by this composer. Answer: A Night on the Bare Mountain by Modest Mussorgsky (also accept A Night on Bald Mountain) B. The second part of this 1888 piece by this composer is “The Tale of the Kalender Prince.” Answer: Scheherezade by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov C. This composer’s first opera, this 1836 work was originally called Ivan Sussanin. Answer: A Life for the Tsar by Mikhail Glinka

22. Identify the following verse forms of East Asia FTP each. A. It has five lines and a 5-7-5-7-7 syllabic pattern and before the haiku was the basic form of Japanese poetry. Answer: tanka (prompt on “waka”) B. A Chinese form which translates as “regulated verse,” it was most closely associated with Du Fu. Answer: lu-shih C. The haiku sprang from this genre of linked-verse poetry which grew out of a tradition of two people writing one tanka. Answer: renga

23. On a 30-20-10 basis, name the scientist from clues. 30 points: He directed the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry from 1928 to 1945. 20 points: With a coworker, he discovered protactinium. 10 points: His work with Fritz Strassman and Lise Meitner resulted in him winning the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on nuclear fission. Answer: Otto Hahn TOSSUPS -- VANDERBILT 1 CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. He had sex with a maid of honor in a forest, and from her orgasmic cry received the nickname “Swisser Swatter!” He was also an accomplished chemist, from whom Robert Boyle borrowed a medical recipe. An accomplished poet, he penned a famous response to Marlowe’s poem, entitled “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd.” FTP, name this Englishman who imported tobacco to England and founded a colony in Virginia. Answer: Sir Walter _Raleigh_

2. It is resolved by the big bang theory, which puts forth that the Universe is non-uniform, dynamic, and (probably) finite. First postulated in 1826, it reasons that the further you looked out into space, the more stars there would be, and thus in any direction in which you looked your line-of-sight would eventually impinge upon a star. FTP, name the paradox that says if the Universe is infinite, uniform, and unchanging then the entire sky at night would be bright -- about as bright as the Sun. Answer: _Olbers’_ Paradox

3. This nickname is the only one that is shared by two AAA minor league baseball teams. This oddity occurred because of a change in affiliation of a major league club. The new affiliate was granted permission to use the name because the parent club owns the right to it. However, the former affiliate, now in the Milwaukee organization, was allowed to use the nickname for one more season. FTP, give this nickname shared by Memphis of the Pacific Coast League, the new affiliate of St. Louis, and by Louisville of the International League. Answer: Redbirds

4. One example would be a company that develops a new type of machinery that allows production to increase greatly. As they continued to install more and more of these machines, the amount by which production increases begins to decrease. FTP what is this principle of economics defined more exactly as the fact that as one input is increased, while holding all other inputs constant, eventually smaller and smaller additions to output will result. Answer: diminishing marginal returns

5. The son of two musicians, this man entered music school in Bologna when he was 14. He wrote his first opera, "The Bill of Marriage," when he was only 18. It was performed in Venice, followed by two more operas, "Tancred" and "The Italian Girl in Algiers." After his retirement, he maintained a home in Paris and a villa in Passy, where he entertained such notables as Richard Wagner. FTP, name this composer, known for such works as "Cinderella," "William Tell," and "The Barber of Seville." Answer: Gioacchino Rossini

6. In the pure solid state and in aqueous solution near pH 7, amino acids exist almost completely as these. Their name comes from the German word for "double," and they are created when, in an amino acid, the proton of the carboxyl group is donated to the amino group. FTP, name these internal salts. Answer: zwitterion

7. His secondary accomplishments include the first translation of Felix Salten’s Bambi into English, and a successful career as editor of Time magazine. Often parodied for his corpulence and horrible dental hygiene, his youthful association with leftist groups led to his fame. FTP, name the man whose testimony about the Pumpkin Papers resulted in the conviction of Alger Hiss. Answer: (Jay David) Whittaker _Chambers_

8. His slaying of Odin was the first of the casualties at Ragnarok, but the god’s death was avenged by Vidar, Odin’s son, who survived his onslaught because of shoes made of magical leather. Earlier, he had eaten Tyr’s hand when the gods trapped him in a magic chain. FTP, name this great wolf of Norse myth. Answer: Fenris-Wolf or Fenrir

9. Born in Madrid, he was taken to live with his mother in Boston in 1872 when he was nine. Attending Harvard College, this man earned his doctorate in philosophy under William James. While at Oxford during WWI, he wrote "Egotism in German Philosophy," which demonstrated his allegiance to the Allied cause. His autobiography, "Persons and Places," was published in 3 volumes from 1944 to 1953. FTP, name this philosopher, whose best known works are "The Sense of Beauty" and "The Life of Reason." Answer: George Santayana

10. Between 1916, when his first one-act plays were presented by the Provincetown Players, and 1943 this man wrote more than 35 plays. After a stint in a tuberculosis sanatorium, he began writing influenced by the works of Ibsen and August Strindberg. "In the Zone" and "The Long Voyage Home" were early successes. FTP, name this playwright responsible for such works as "Strange Interlude," "Beyond the Horizon," and "The Iceman Cometh." Answer: Eugene O'Neill

11. A brigadier general in the British Army during the War of 1812, he was killed in the Battle of the Thames. Born on Mad River, near present-day Springfield, Ohio, this man witnessed the suffering inflicted on his people by the whites from an early age. He and his brother, Tenskwatawa, persuaded Native Americans to avoid liquor, to cultivate their land, and to return to traditional Indian ways of life. FTP, name this man, now famous for his supposed curse on the American presidency. Answer: Tecumseh 12. A cook with a propensity to pepper, several live flamingos, a pig-baby, a fishlike footman, a Gryphon, a rude Duchess, a Mock Turtle, a sleepy Dormouse, a March Hare, a Cheshire Cat, and a White Rabbit are, FTP, characters in what 1865 fantasy novel by Lewis Carroll? Answer: _Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland_ (accept: _Alice in Wonderland_)

13. Its composer called it an opera for children, but it was in fact the first opera ever commissioned for television performance. It deals with a crippled, impoverished boy who receives the three wise men on the way to meet the Christ Child and whose generosity is rewarded by his illness being cured. FTP, name this opera, inspired by a Hieronymus Bosch painting Adoration of the Magi, by Gian Carlo Menotti. Answer: _Amahl and the Night Visitors_

14. Her parents were vaudeville entertainers, and she followed in their footsteps touring in her youth with a family singing act. Her voice and stage presence were noticed by Louis Mayer, who signed her to a film contract with MGM in 1935. The next year she made her film debut in "Every Sunday." Other films include "Love Finds Andy Hardy," "Babes in Arms," and “Meet Me in St. Louis.” FTP, name this actress and singer, whose real name is Frances Gumm, and who is best known to the world as Dorothy Gale from Kansas. Answer: Judy Garland

15. This scientist won the gold medal of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 1907 for his experiments with the vibrations of water to determine its surface tensions. In 1911, he went to England to study with J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford. His interpretation of the meaning of quantum physics has become a basic tenet of science. FTP, name this scientist, the first to apply the quantum theory to atomic structure. Answer: Niels Bohr [don’t need 1st name, but don’t accept Aagh Bohr]

16. Facts on his life are hard to come by; he was born in Verona, and Ovid says he died young. Some of his poems allude to a homosexual affair with a youth named Juventius, while others recall his unhappy affair with a notorious married woman named Clodia, whom he calls Lesbia. Most of his poems are in occasional-verse meters or in elegiac diptych, but he was the first to use either form for lyric expressions of passion. FTP name this Roman poet, whose works include the ode that ends, “Frater, ave atque vale.” Answer: Gauis Valerius Catullus

17. This woman was of peasant birth and became the wife of a Swedish dragoon before being captured by the Russians when they took Marienburg. Eventually, she became the mistress of the Russian Emperor and, later, became his wife. The emperor then shocked all of Russia by making her his empress. FTP, name this woman, the wife of Peter the Great, who succeeded him when he died. Answer: Catherine I [do not accept Catherine the Great]

18. Born in 419, she was the daughter of Severus and Gerontia, wealthy townspeople. After listening to a sermon by St. Germain on the Pelagian heresy, she devoted herself to Christ. She ate only twice a week, and it is said that her prayers turned Attila away from the Ile-de-France and towards Orleans. FTP, name the woman commonly considered to be the patroness of Paris. Answer: St. _Genevieve_

19.Also called the Sewall Wright effect, it’s expected to be of significance only in small populations, where alleles may easily go to fixation or extinction by chance alone. It might occur if, in a population of beetles, a disproportionately large number of those killed by a wandering elephant happened to be heterozygous for a recessive eye color. FTP name the statistically significant change in gene frequencies resulting from causes operating randomly to the alleles’ fitness rather than from natural selection. Answer: _genetic _drift_

20. Its name means "rich lake" as it is abundant in plant and animal life, with over 2600 species observed. Fed by 336 rivers including the Selenga and the Turka, this lake can be navigated from May to October by wooden rafts. The oldest freshwater lake in the world; it is also the only freshwater lake containing hydrothermal vents. FTP, name this Siberian lake, which contains about one fifth of the world's supply of fresh water. Answer: Baikal Lake (or Lake Baikal)

21. The director of the Sorbonne from 1895 to 1911, he collaborated with Théodore Simon in developing scales for the measurement of intelligence and educational achievement of children. FTP name this psychologist, s one of two namesakes of a famous intelligence test. Answer: Alfred Binet

22. It stains with the dye crystal-violet in Gram positive bacteria and bonds to lipoproteins. Without this polymer, bacteria swell and burst, a coincidence that has led to many antibiotics that destroy it. FTP, name this carbohydrate polymer which cross-links into a giant macromolecule that forms the cell walls of bacteria. Answer: peptidoglycan

23. It is served by a nineteen-mile long road that rises most of its 14,110 feet. From its summit, one can see the Continental Divide, Sangre De Cristo Mountains, New Mexico, Denver, and Colorado Springs. FTP, name this Western mountain named for the American explorer who unsuccessfully attempted to climb it. Answer: _Pike’s Peak_ BONI -- VANDERBILT 1 CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. Identify the following figures in the government of Louis XIII for the stated number of points. 5 – This cleric was Louis’ chief advisor. Answer: Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal _Richelieu_ [accept du Plessis] 5 – Though his name is not related to its current definition as an ingot or bar of precious metal, this bureaucrat was Louis’ finance minister. Answer: Minister Claude _Bullion_ 10 – The major opposition leader, this older man was executed after “Day of Dupes” in which it seemed that Richelieu would be fired, only for the cardinal to bounce back to power. Answer: Michel de _Marillac_ 10 – This man, the royal falconer, replaced Concini (whom Louis assassinated) as chief advisor in the very early years of the king’s reign. Answer: Charles d’Albert, Duke of _Luynes_

2. Given characters from a play, give the play on a 30-20-10 basis. (30) Anne, Mrs. Linde (20) Dr. Rank, Nils Krogstad (10) Torvald and Nora Helmer Answer: A Doll's House

3. 30,20,10 name the painting from a description. 30 – Most of the pictorial elements of the painting, including a moon and a vase, are on the right side of the picture. 20 – The only picture element to protrude on the left side of the canvas is the tail of the central lion. 10 – The lion appears to be nudging the long-haired central figure in this 1897 Henri Rousseau work. Answer: The _Sleeping Gypsy_

4. For the stated number of points name these figures involved in the discovery of nuclear fission: 5 - He shared the 1944 Nobel for chemistry with Fritz Strassmann for discovering the phenomenon after borbarding uranium with neutrons and finding barium in the products of the reaction. Answer: Otto _Hahn_ 10 - Hahn and Strassmann being chemists, they were reluctant to speculate that the neutrons were able to split the uranium nuclei in two. They left the interpretation to this Viennese physicist, who’d often collaborated with Hahn from 1907 until forced into exile in Sweden in 1938. Answer: Lise _Meitner_ 15 - Meitner recognized the importance of Hahn and Strassmann’s findings with the help of this man, her nephew, who happened to be visiting her when she got Hahn’s correspondence. He and Meitner coauthored the letter to Nature that coined the term “nuclear fission.” Answer: Otto _Frisch_

5. Given some of its battles, name the war, on a 15-5 basis. (15) Battle of Lundy's Lane (5) Battle of the Thames, Battle of New Orleans Answer: War of _1812_ (15) Chalcidice, Amphipolis (5) Mantinea, Aegospotami Answer: _Peloponnesian_ War

6. Given the function and source of an enzyme, name it. Ten points apiece. This enzyme curdles milk and has its source in the stomach. Answer: rennin This enzyme transfers electrons in cell respiration and has its source in cell mitochondria. Answer: cytochrome This enzyme splits compounds in food for inclusion in ribonucleic acid chains and has its source in the pancreas. Answer: ribonuclease

7. Name the following characters from Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe FTP each. This is the fair princess whom Ivanhoe seeks to marry. Answer: Rowena The guardian of Rowena and father of Wilfred of Ivanhoe, he is the central figure of the Saxon contingent. Answer: _Cedric_ the Saxon (or Cedric of Rotherwood) The central French character, this Knight Templar works with henchman Front-de-Boeuf in an attempt to win the love of the beautiful Jewess Rebecca. Answer: Sir _Brian_ de Bois-Guilbert; accept Bois-Guilbert

8. Name these Mexican leaders for the stated number of points: (5) The major force behind the liberal movement called La Reforma, he was provisional President during the War of Reform. He won three terms as President before his ouster by Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada. Answer: Benito _Juarez_ (10) He succeeded Lerdo de Tejada in 1876 and ruled from 1876 till 1911. His jailing of electoral opponent Francisco Madero in 1910 triggered the Mexican Revolution. Answer: Porfirio _Diaz_ (15) Commissioned by the Spanish government to quell the 1820 rebellion led by Vicente Guerrero, he joined forces with the rebel and assumed the head of the new government. Answer: Augustín de _Iturbide_ 9. The movie The Wedding Singer took us back to the 80's and its music. Given a song from the soundtrack, give the artist. [Editor’s note: “Adam Sandler” is right out.] For 5 points, "White Wedding" Answer: Billy Idol For 10 points, "Everyday I Write the Book" Answer: Elvis Costello For 15 points, "You Spin Me (Like a Record)" Answer: Dead or Alive

10. Answer the following related questions from Greek mythology, 5-10-15. (5) Derived from the Greek word for “breastless,” they were warrior-women from Scythia. Answer: Amazons (10) Married to the son of Theseus, she was the Amazon queen whom Hercules killed while attempting to take her girdle. Answer: Hippolyta (15) This queen led the Amazons into battle on the Trojan side during the Trojan War. Answer: Penthesilea

11. Answer the following questions about the anatomy of nerves FTP each. This neuron fiber carries impulses away from the cell body. Answer: axon The endings of an axon, they form synapses and release neurotransmitters. Answer: terminals The junction between an axon and the cell body, this is the site where the action potential is generated. Answer: hillock

12. Given the highest mountain in a mountain range, name the range for the stated number of points. (5) Aconcagua Answer: _Andes_ Mountains (5) Mont Blanc Answer: Alps (10) Mount Narodnaya Answer: _Ural_ Mountains (10) Mount Logan. Caution! In this case, a specific chain is wanted. Answer: _St. Elias_ Mountains

13. 30-20-10. Given works, name the author. (30) House of Flowers; A Tree of Night (20) Other Voices, Other Rooms; Then It All Came Down (10) In Cold Blood Answer: Truman Capote

14. For the stated number of points each, name these historical figures from the Spanish-American War. (5) He was the leader of the United States' Asian squadron whose four new battleships obliterated the antiquated Spanish navy at Manila Bay. Answer: Commodore George Dewey (10) This Cuban poet and patriot was among the first killed. His name was later used for the U.S. government’s radio station whose propaganda broadcasts were routinely jammed by Castro. Answer: Jose Marti (15) Nicknamed "the Butcher," this Spanish general rounded up Cubans who were thought to be disloyal to Spain and put them in concentration areas near the cities. Answer: Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau

15. Given a quote from a Percy Shelley poem, name the work. Ten points per correct answer. “O, Wind/If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” Answer: Ode to the West Wind “Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!” Answer: Ozymandias “He gave man speech, and speech created thought/Which is the measure of the universe.” Answer: Prometheus Unbound

16. The Chicago Bulls have won 6 NBA titles in the 90's, but who finished second all of those years? For 5 points apiece and a bonus 5 points for all correct, name the 5 NBA teams, in no particular order, who have lost in the NBA Finals to the Bulls. Answers: Los Angeles Lakers (1991) Portland Trailblazers (1992) Phoenix Suns (1993) Seattle Supersonics (1996) Utah Jazz (1997-1998)

17. Given a brief description of an early psychologist, name him. Fifteen points per correct answer. Generally recognized as the founder of scientific psychology, this German created the first psychology journal. Answer: Wilhelm Max _Wundt_ The founder of experimental psychology, this German slightly preceded Wundt and wrote Elements of Psychophysics. Answer: Gustav Theodor _Fechner_ 18. Yeah, yeah. Name the church meetings from clues FTP each. The tenth ecumenical council, this 1139 meeting saw Innocent II end a brief schism and declare as heretics Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia. Answer: _Second Lateran_ Council The fourth ecumenical council, this 451 meeting under Pope Leo the Great and the Emperor Marcian defined the two natures (divine and human) in Christ against Eutyches, who was excommunicated. Answer: Chalcedon This 16th century council lasted for eighteen years, during which it issued the changes that were the heart of the Counter-Reformation. Answer: Council of _Trent_

19. Given the title of a painting featuring one or more of our founding fathers, name the artist, 10 points each. “The Declaration of Independence" Answer: John Trumbull "Paul Revere" Answer: John Singleton Copley "Washington Crossing the Delaware" Answer: Emanuel Leutze

20. For ten points apiece, given a definition of a geologic term, give the term. The form and structure of the Earth's surface features, viewed as a product of erosion, weathering, and glaciation. Answer: morphology The study of the folding and faulting of the Earth's strata. Answer: tectonics Change in form or shape, usually of a geologic stratum, usually as a result of stress. Answer: deformation

21.FTPE name the composers of these works on Indian themes: Satyagraha Answer: Philip _Glass_ Savitri Answer: Gustav _Holst_ Nanga Parvat Answer: Alan _Hovaness_

22. For five points per answer, name the six capitals of the states of Australia. Answers: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, and Hobart TOSSUPS -- South Carolina CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. He is fired by his boss, Samuel Pecksniff, and then disinherited by his wealthy grandfather. He and his servant travel to America where they are swindled by land spectators and return to England, where the title character reconciles himself with his grandfather. This is the plot of, FTP, what Charles Dickens novel. Answer: Martin Chuzzlewit

2. In the background is the lecture hall. A clerk watches and takes notes, while a woman shields her face. In the center of the painting, the main figure can be seen standing while four men complete the carry out the operation. FTP, identify this Thomas Eakins' work which is on display at the Jefferson Medical College. Answer: The Gross Clinic

3. His critics attacked him because he did little formal research. In Discipline and Punish, he argues whether imprisonment is a more humane punishment than torture. He is best known for a work in three parts-- Volume 1: An Introduction, The Use of Pleasure, and The Care of the Self. FTP, identify this French philosopher who died of AIDS in 1984 and is most famous for his History of Sexuality. Answer: Michel Foucault

4. He signed with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro Leagues in 1950. At the end of 1953, he signed a contract to go to the major leagues, joining the team with which his name is synonymous and for whom he won MVP honors in 1958 and 1959 . Late in his career he moved to first base, but he spent the bulk of his career at shortstop. FTP identify this baseball legend affectionately known as Mr. Cub. Answer: Ernie Banks

5. He had separate areas in his house designed so that his maids would never see him. Educated at Cambridge, he determined the density of Earth very close to what has been established by modern science. FTP, name this physicist who discovered the composition of water. Answer: Henry Cavendish

6. One Spanish conquistador reported that he had visited this legendary ruler in a city called Omagua. Other legends tell that he was a king near Bogota who would coat his body with gold dust. FTP, identify this legendary king, whose name was often used for his legendary gold-rich capital. Answer: Eldorado

7. They were originally organized to opposed the New York government over their territory, for a time declaring an independent republic. During the American Revolution, they helped win the Battle of Bennington and seized Crown Point. FTP, identify this group of Vermont soldiers who also seized Fort Ticonderoga. Answer: Green Mountain Boys

8. The term was introduced by Armand Trousseau. It comes in two main varieties: motor and sensory. The motor version involves a loss of memory of the coordinated movements necessary to form symbols. The sensory type the loss of the meaning of the symbols occurs. FTP, identify this neurological disorder where sufferers cannot express thought by means of speech. Answer: aphasia

9. Juan Manuel de Ayala explored the island and gave it the Spanish name for the Isle of the Pelicans. In 1969 a group of Native Americans occupied the in an effort to gain recognition of their claim. Unlike previous inhabitants they were forced off. FTP, name this island formerly a home to federal prison. Answer: Alcatraz

10. Born in 1892, he started as a violinist for the Los Angeles Symphony. He joined Paul Whiteman as a pianist and for him he orchestrated Rhapsody in Blue. Some of his other compositions include Symphony in Steel, Metropolis, and Wheels. FTP, name this composer most famous for Mississippi Suite and Grand Canyon Suite. Answer: Ferde Grofe

11. This group of poets sought to model their poetry on Classical and Renaissance forms. They also worked at establishing French as the major literary language of the day. Joachim du Bellay was their leading spokesperson and Pierre Ronsard was the leader of this group. FTP, name this group of 16th century French poets who took their name from the 7 nymphs who were Atlas' daughters. Answer: La Pleide

12. They were also named Brissotins after one of their leaders, Jacques Pierre Brissot. Originally identified with the Jacobins, the split over the possibility of war with Austria. On October 31, 1793, Brissot and 30 of his followers were guillotined, effectively dissolving the faction. FTP, identify these moderate Republicans in the French Revolution. Answer: Gironde or Girondists

13. The period was chosen because of the intense solar activity. During it, the Van Allen belts were discovered, and one of the results was the Antarctic Treaty which, in 1959, dedicated the continent to scientific investigation. FTP, identify this international project which lasted from July 1957 to December 1958. Answer: International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.)

14. He made his directorial debut in 1974 with "Two Whores, or, A Love Story Which Ends in Marriage". He has also created "Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown" and "Pepi, Luci, Bom". FTP, name this Spanish director who helped launch the career of Antonio Banderas in his "Tie Me Up!, Tie Me Down!". Answer: Pedro Almodovar

15. Eastern legend holds he was a converted pagan warrior named Reprobus who died of torture rather than deny his faith. The most famous version of this saint holds that he was a giant who carried the infant Jesus across a river. With each step, the child became heavier, representing the weight of the world. But about 30 years ago the Vatican dropped him from the canon, expressing doubts about his existence. FTP, identify this now-decommissioned but still popular patron saint of travelers. Answer: Saint Christopher

16. The place where the assassination was to take place was located on the road between London and Newmarket. However, King Charles II and his brother, the future James II did not pass through that day and thus the plot was foiled. FTP, identify this Whig conspiracy which resulted in the deaths of Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney. Answer: Rye House plot

17. He developed a lamp which was more efficient than the carbon-arc lamps, and now bears his name. His most famous work has come in the field of thermodynamics where he used the first two laws of thermodynamics to deduce the third law. FTP, name this winner of the 1920 physics Nobel Prize. Answer: Walther Nernst

18. Her first book of poetry was To Bedlam and Part Way Back which detailed her mental breakdown after the birth of her second child. She won the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for her collection Live or Die. Her final works include The Death Notebooks and the posthumously published The Awful Rowing Toward God. FTP, identify this confessional poet who committed suicide in 1974. Answer: Anne Sexton

19. Many economists dispute whether this curve can exist saying that, in order to keep unemployment controlled, it will be necessary to have continuously increasing inflation. FTP, name this curve, a central concept in inflationary theory, which relates the level of unemployment to the rate of inflation. Answer: Phillips curve

20. A few are good, but most of the 256 different kinds are bad. You can tell a good one from a bad one by performing a test with a Venn diagram. Invented by Aristotle, they consist of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion, each of which must be a categorical proposition. FTP, name this type of argument. Answer: syllogism

21. The first authorized use of this service occurred in 1911 between Garden City and Mineola, New York. Agreements at the International Postal Convention in 1920 and at another conference held in 1927, decided on a uniform cost was established so countries could carry mail from other countries. FTP, identify this method of transporting mail which uses vehicles made by, in part, Boeing. Answer: airmail

22. Born in Nebraska in 1887, he played with teams from Chicago, St. Louis and most famously, Philadelphia. He had 373 wins in his career and an impressive 2.56 ERA. FTP, identify this pitcher, who was named after a president and later portrayed on film by a future one -- Ronald Reagan. Answer: Grover Cleveland Alexander

23. The North Carolina group protested the inequalities in the government and was defeated at the Battle of Alamance where their leader was killed. The South Carolina group took exception to the local governments' ignoring of Indian attacks, so they stopped paying taxes and took up vigilante justice. FTP, name these two movements. Answer: Regulator Movement BONI -- South Carolina CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998

1. Identify these cunning linguists, FTSNOP. 5: He joined the faculty of M.I.T. in 1955, and two years later published Syntactic Structures. He is also known for his political writing. Answer: Noam Chomsky 10: He and Ippolito Rosellini led a scientific expedition to Egypt in 1824 and upon his return, he was made chair of Egyptian antiquities at the College de France. He is most famous for deciphering the Rosetta Stone. Answer: Jean Francois Champollion 15: This Danish philologist modified the work of Jacob Grimm, His law states that the medial and final fricatives were voiced if they came after an unaccented syllable in the Indo-European parent language. Answer: Karl Adolph Verner

2. Identify these European leagues, FTSNOPE. 15: This league was created to combat Frederick Barbarossa and defeated him at Legnano in 1176. Made up of Cremona. Mantua, Bergamo and Brescia, it took its name from the region of northern Italy where the cities were located. Answer: Lombard League 10: Organized by Philip the Magnanimous and John Frederick, the future elector of Saxony, their purpose was to defend Protestantism against Charles V. However, in 1547, the league was wiped out at the Battle of Muhlberg. Answer: Schmalkaldic League 5: This name is redundant since the name of this league is derived from the Old High German word for league. Organized between northern German cities, their purpose was to further commerce and act for mutual aid. Answer: Hanseatic League

3. Identify these Anglo-Saxon authors, FTPE. A. An illiterate herdsman who heard voices commanding him to song of "the beginning of created things", the only work that can be truly attributed him is "Hymn of Creation". Answer: Caedmon B. The only information about Caedmon comes from this monk of Jarrow who authored Historia Ecclesiatica Gentis Anglorum-- Ecclesiastical History of the English People in 731 A.D. Answer: The Venerable Bede (St. Bede) C. Possibly a Northumbrian minstrel, only four of his works are officially his: Ascension, The Fates of the Apostles, Juliana, and Elene. He may have also written The Dream of the Rood. Answer: Cynewulf

4. Identify these parts of the lung, 15-10-5 15: Both lungs are covered by this external membrane, this outer layer of which forms the lining of the chest cavity. Answer: pleura 10: Each lung contains 300 to 400 million of these air sacs. Answer: alveoli 5: Dividing and narrowing into the alveolar ducts, these branches of the bronchi are sometimes less than 1 mm in diameter. Answer: bronchioles

5. Name these modern American composers, FTPE. A. He studied under Nadia Boulanger in Paris where he came under the influence of Erik Satie and Les Six. Although he won a Pulitzer Prize for his score to the film, Louisiana Story, he is most famous for the opera Four Saints in Three Acts. Answer: Virgil Thomson B. Named after an English poet, he studied under Arnold Schoenberg. Influenced by Zen Buddhism, he used silence often in his works such as 4'33''. Answer: John Milton Cage C. Born in 1947, he has drawn influences from minimalists Steve Reich and Terry Riley. His most famous work is the opera Nixon in China. Answer: John Adams

6. Answer the following questions about a 1943 novel supposedly based on the life of Frank Lloyd Wright. 1. FTP, what is the title of this novel about an architect who refuses to lucrative commissions which would compromise his integrity? Answer: The Fountainhead 2. F5P, who wrote The Fountainhead? Answer: Ayn Rand 3. F15P, what is the name of the architect? Answer: Howard Roark (either is acceptable)

7. Answer these questions about a series of wars in the U.S. A. Three separate wars were fought by the U.S. against this tribe of Native Americans. The first lasted from 1817-1819, the second from 1835-42 and the third from 1855-58. FTP, name the tribe and you'll name the war. Answer: Seminole Wars B. In May of 1818, this general captured Pensacola, deposed the Spanish government and made way for Florida to be acquired through the Adams-Onis treaty. Answer: Andrew Jackson C. In 1835 a second war broke out when this chief, angered by terms in the treaty of Paynes Landing, rose in opposition. Answer: Osceola

8. Answer the following questions about the exploits of Theseus. 5: This man, his father, threw himself into the sea when Theseus did not raise a white flag on his return from slaying the minotaur. Answer: Aegeus 10: Theseus abducted this woman who bore him a son named Hippolytus. Answer: Hippolyta 15: This king of Skyros murdered Theseus by throwing him off a cliff into the sea. Answer: Lycomedes

9. Identify these passes which cross the Alps. A. This was the most used Alpine pass from the 14th century until 1882 when a tunnel with the same name was completed beneath the pass. Answer: Saint Gotthard Pass B. Running from Innsbruck to Bolzano, it was the chief invasion route for the Germanic tribes who entered Italy in the 5th century. Answer: Brenner Pass C. Leading from the Rhine Valley in northern Switzerland to Lake Como in Italy, it is part of the Lepontine Alps. Answer: Splugen Pass

10. I'll take famous names in superconductivity for 30, Alex. Name these famous physicists with a five point bonus if all correct. A. The BCS theory states that conduction electrons condense into a state where the pairs correlate between one another. F5PE, what three scientists gave their name to the BCS theory? Answers: John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer B. In 1933, a German physicist discovered that magnetic fields of less strength than the critical magnetic field are expelled from superconductors. Name him, and you name the effect. Answer: Walter Meissner C. This Dutchman is credited with discovering, in 1911, superconductivity. Answer: Heike Kamerlingh -Onnes

11. Identify these wars which rocked Latin America, FTPE. A. This conflict between Bolivia and Paraguay centered on ownership of a 100,000 square mile area of land. By terms of the treaty signed in 1938, Paraguay got most of the land but Bolivia got access to the Paraguay River. Answer: War of the Gran Chaco (acc: Chaco War) B. Paraguay was earlier involved in this conflict where they took on Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Needless to say, they lost. In fact they lost around 1/3 of their entire population. Answer: War of the Triple Alliance (acc: Paraguayan War) C. This was an abortive attempt to end Spanish rule of Cuba. In 1868, Carlos Manuel Cespedes declared Cuban independence. Spain didn't like that, so a long, bloody war ensued. Spain promised reform when the war ended at the Pact of El Zanjon in 1878. Answer: Ten Years War 12. The year 1955 was a big one for the obits. F5PE, identify these persons who died in that year. 5 points: This physicist was seeking a grand unified theory when he died. Answer: Albert Einstein 10: This German author's Confessions of Felix Krull: Confidence Man was his last major work. Answer: Thomas Mann 15: This Jesuit theologian and paleontologist died eight days before Einstein. He was involved in the discovery of Peking Man and wrote The Phenomenon of Man Answer: Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

13. Answer the following questions about the Suez Crisis, F10PE. A. This event occurred in what year? Answer: 1956 B. Name the Egyptian president who nationalized the canal despite the fact that Britain held nearly half the number of shares in the Suez Canal Company. Answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser C. Which British Prime Minister lost his position as a result of the crisis? Answer: Sir Anthony Eden

14. Each year, the Locarno International Film Festival awards The Golden Leopard to visionary work by first- time filmmakers. Identify these Golden Leopard winners for 10 points given the winning film and year or five if you need a more famous work. 1. 10: 1957, The Outcry 5: Blow-up Answer: Michelangelo Antonioni 10: 1972, Bleak Moments 5: Secrets & Lies Answer: Mike Leigh 10: 1964, Black Peter 5: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Answer: Milos Forman

15. Name the constellation from the second-brightest star for 10 points or from the brightest for 5: 1a. Shaula 1b. Antares Answer: Scorpio 2a. Elnath 2b. Aldebaran Answer: Taurus 3a. Adhara 3b. Sirius Answer: Canis Major

16. Given a baseball record, tell who owns it, F10PE. 1. .424, batting average in the modern era. Answer: Rogers Hornsby 2. 190, RBI in a season. Answer: Hack Wilson 3. 311, losses in a career. Answer: Cy Young

17. Given a year and author, identify the work which won the Pulitzer Prize in Letters. A. 1942, Ellen Glasgow Answer: In This Our Life B. 1930, Oliver LaFarge Answer: Laughing Boy C. 1960, Allen Drury Answer: Advise and Consent

18. . Identify these chemical reactions, F15PE. 1. This reaction, named for a Frenchman and an American, uses aluminum chloride as a catalyst to facilitate the combination of a chain of carbon atoms with a ring of carbon atoms. Answer: Friedel-Crafts reaction 2. This reaction won its discoverers the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It involves joining a diene to form a compound with a ring of atoms. Answer: Diels-Adler reaction 19. Answer these questions about Plato's Republic. A. This is an analogy between reality and illusion based upon shadows seen on a wall. Answer: Plato's Cave B. This person is trained in mathematics and philosophy among other things. There leadership would be shown in their ability to distinguish the Forms. Answer: Philosopher Kings C. This parable at the end of Republic concerns the fate of souls after death. According to Plato, the soul must choose wisdom in the afterlife to guarantee a good life in the next cycle. Answer: Myth of Er

20. Post WWII Italy has produced some of the finest poets of this century. Identify these two, for 15 points each. 1. Most of his best poetry is contained in three volumes, The Storm and Other Poems, The Occasions, and Cuttlefish Bones. Although a hermetic and deep pessimist, he still won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature. Answer: Eugene Montale 2. His poetry is collected in such volumes as And Suddenly It Is Evening, Day After Day, Life Is Not a Dream, Scent of Eucalyptus. Another Hermetic poet, he won the 1959 Literature Nobel. Answer: Salvatore Quasimodo

21. Identify these ships from American history, 5-10-15. 5: Captured by the San Jacinto, this ship had two confederate commissioners forcibly removed. Answer: Trent 10: This steamer had been used by American sympathizers to carry supplies to Canadian rebels. Great Britain and the U.S. nearly fought a war because the ship was destroyed and one American was killed. Answer: Caroline 15: Seized by the Spanish vessel Tornado, the entire crew of this ship was massacred, bringing the U.S. and Spain to the brink of war. Answer: Virginius

22. Identify these Norse gods, given items they are associated with. 1. Mjolnir, a hammer. Answer: Thor 2. Draupnir, a ring. Answer: Odin 3. Gjallerhorn, which he will sound too late at Ragnarok. Answer: Heimdall

23. Answer the following about the Baron's War in England from 1263 and 1267. A. Who was king of England during the Barons' War? Answer: Henry III B. This leader of the opposition, alternatively known as the earl of Leicester, was finally killed at the battle of Evesham. Answer: Simon de Montfort C. Henry's refusal to sign these amendments to the Magna Carta precipitated the Barons' War. Answer: Provisions of Oxford

24. Name these islands from the home of Labatt Beer -- Canada. A. Over 200 shipwrecks have occurred here since 1583, lending the island the unpleasant epithet of "the graveyard of the Atlantic". It is in eastern Nova Scotia. Answer: Sable Island B. Bordered by the Foxe Basin and the Gulf of Boothia on the west, it is the fifth largest island in the world. Answer: Baffin Island C. Located off the northwestern coast of Greenland, it is roughly 460 miles long. It was sighted by William Baffin in 1616. Answer: Ellesmere Island TOSSUPS -- VIRGINIA TECH CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN. 1998

1. This author’s real name was Lulu Smith. Her short stories include The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, and her longer works include Clock Without Hands. However, she is perhaps best known for her novel about the deaf man Mr. Singer and his failed quest for companionship, ending in his suicide. FTP, name this author of The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. Ans: Carson McCullers

2. He argues that one had reason to doubt the senses because one didn’t know when one was dreaming and one was awake. After that, he made the case that perhaps God or an evil spirit was tricking him, but later concludes that since he was certain he had thoughts, he therefore exists as a thinking being. These arguments can be found in his Meditations on First Philosophy. FTP, name this philosopher perhaps best known for the axiom “ego cogito, ergo sum”, or, “I think, therefore I am.” Ans: Rene Descartes

3. Those living near it quickly labeled it Schandmauer. Roughly 26 miles in length, its concrete slabs were about 4 meters high and are sometimes topped by barbed wire and large metal pipes. Guard dogs and mines could usually be found on one side of it, in case the electronic alarm systems failed to detect someone trying to escape over it. FTP, name this former landmark whose construction was begun in 1961, where over 70 people died while trying to cross to a noncommunist city before it was finally torn down. Ans: Berlin Wall

4. The result of this biological process is that one gamete receives two of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy. This is caused by a failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to move apart properly in meiosis I, or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II. FTP, name this process, which in humans often results in Down’s Syndrome. Ans: Nondisjunction

5. Born with seven fingers on each hand and seven pupils in each eye, he was known as Setanta as a child. The ward of Conchubar, he defended Ulster against Medb during the Cattle Raid of Cuailgne and wielded a spear called the Gae Bolg. FTP, name this hero of the Ulster cycle, who gained his name after killing the hound of the smith Cullain. Ans: Cu Chulainn

6. He lived in Neulengbach with his lover Wally Neuzil until he was imprisoned for 24 days after being falsely accused of seducing a minor. This charge was dropped, but he was found guilty of distributing pornographic art to children. His paintings of emanciated nudes were exhibited at shows in Prague and Dresden in 1918, but he died later that year from influenza. FTP, name this Austrian artist, known for such works as Dead Girl and Embrace. Ans: Egon Schiele

7. Scanlon has destructive fantasies, Seefelt and Frederickson are epileptics, George has a pathological fear of dirt, and Harding voluntarily committed himself to the asylum. The narrator is a huge, paranoid-schizophrenic Indian who eventually escapes by throwing a control panel through a window. FTP, name this novel narrated by Chief Bromden in which Randle McMurphy and Nurse Ratched struggle for control of a mental ward, the best-known work of Ken Kesey. Ans: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

8. This battle lasted only about 40 minutes. About 5,000 Highlanders engaged 9,000 Redcoats; however, the Highlanders lost about a thousand men while the Redcoats only lost about 50. This was probably due to the Highlanders’ dubious tactic of charging straight at the English cannon. Also known as the Battle of Drummossie, it ended the “Forty-five Rebellion” and attempts by the Jacobites to restore a Stuart to the English throne. FTP, name this 1746 battle in which William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, defeated Bonnie Prince Charlie. Ans: Battle of Culloden Moor

9. This band formed with Bernard Sumner as the lead singer after Joy Division self-destructed upon the death of Ian Curtis. Recently, its members have gone on to work on side projects, with Gillian Gilbert and Stephen Morris forming The Other Two and Peter Hook performing with Monaco. FTP, name this band, whose albums include Brotherhood and Power, Corruption and Lies, perhaps best known for the hits True Faith and Bizarre Love Triangle off the album Substance. Ans: New Order

10. A metal surface is illuminated with a beam of light. Electrons are emitted from the surface, and the rate that they are admitted depends on the intensity of the light. The rate of emission is independent of the wavelength below a certain wavelength lambda-c. The value of lambda-c depends on the kind of metal, but NOT the intensity of the light source. FTP, name the phenomenon which I have just described, which was described by Albert Einstein in 1905 and which would later win him the Nobel Prize. Ans: The Photoelectric Effect

11. It is run by a board of three members, which are appointed to nine-year terms by the President. Shortly after its inception, its activities included manufacturing nitrates for fertilizer and reforestation activities. However, it is probably better known for attempts to stop flooding and soil erosion in its 40,910 square mile area. FTP, name this embattled federal corporation created in 1933, which built most of the 39 dams it operates. Ans: Tennessee Valley Authority or TVA

12. He was imprisoned for spying, but was really an escaped P.O.W. during World War II. During the course of the book, he buys tobacco from the Lett in the next barrack, swipes an extra bowl of kasha at lunch, listens to his squad leader Tiurin reminisce, and works with Senka and Kilgas to build a wall before finally going to bed thinking about how he almost had a good day. FTP, name this fictional character, whose experiences are partially based on Alexander Solszhenitsyn’s own gulag experiences. Ans: Ivan Denisovich Shukov(acc. Ivan Denisovich)

13. One variety of this hydrocarbon is used to ripen fruit and start the preparation of other organic substances such as ethyl alcohol. They consist of unsaturated hydrocarbons in which there is one carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule. FTP, name this class of hydrocarbon, of which the most commonly produced is ethene. Ans: Alkenes

14. He often performed with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra as a solo pianist. Though he wrote the soundtrack for the movie On the Waterfront and the ballet Fancy Free, he is better known for musicals such as On the Town. He first gained fame in 1943 when he conducted a New York Philharmonic concert, and would go on to direct the Philharmonic for 11 years. FTP, name this composer of West Side Story whose name appears in a famous REM song. Ans: Leonard Bernstein

15. One of its molecules is a single strand about 80 nucleotides long, which folds back around on itself to form a cloverleaf shape. Its function is to move amino acids from the cytoplasm’s amino acid pool to a ribosome. FTP, name this type of nucleic acid, which binds its anticodon to a complementary codon of mRNA. Ans: Transfer RNA

16. He predicted that the Versailles peace settlement would fail because of the reparations demanded of the Central Powers. This was detailed in his book The Economic Consequences of the Peace. He believed that increased government spending and lower interest rates would boost the economy by increasing employment and consumer spending. FTP, name this economist, who argued against laissez faire in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Ans: John Maynard Keynes

17. Robert Clive’s preparations to attack Bengal caused the nawab of Bengal to seize a key city. The nawab then locked away British prisoners in anticipation of Clive’s arrival. FTP, name this infamous incident in which only 20 prisoners survived, when 60 British prisoners were locked overnight in an airless dungeon. Ans: The Black Hole of Calcutta 18. His five years of service with the Indian Imperial Police led to his novel Burmese Days. Later, Israel Gollancz commissioned him to write a documentary about unemployed life, which was published as The Road to Wigan Pier. FTP, name this author best known for political satires on totalitarianism and socialism, the creator of the character Winston Smith in the novel 1984. Ans: George Orwell (acc. Eric Arthur Blair)

19. “Every day is alone in itself, whatever enjoyment I’ve had, and whatever sorrow I’ve had.” So claims H.M., a mental patient studied by William Scoville and Brenda Milner. H.M. had the anterograde version of this affliction, which can also be found with retrograde and infantile varieties. FTP, name this psychological problem which involves a severe loss of memory. Ans: Amnesia

20. It was founded as a trading post in 1871 by Van Smith, and named by Smith for his father. Lying along the Hondo river, it became the county seat of Chaves County in 1889 and houses the New Mexico Military Institute. FTP, name this town, now a tourist attraction to those interested in UFO sightings. Ans: Roswell

21. He wrote “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis shrink from the service of their country.” in The Crisis, a series of pamphlets printed in 1776. He would later travel to France and became a member of the National Convention. FTP, name this author of The Age of Reason, perhaps most famous for the pamphlet Common Sense. Ans: Thomas Paine

22. When Hector challenged the Greek armies to send a champion to fight him, this warrior was the one chosen, and managed to fight Hector to a draw. The ruler of Salamis and the son of Telamon, he was a huge man who eventually went mad when the armor of Achilles went to Odysseus instead of himself. FTP, name this warrior who was second in battle only to Achilles, who is not to be confused with the son of Oileaus. Ans: Ajax the Greater (accept the Telamonian Ajax or Ajax son of Telemon, etc., early; also accept Aias instead of Ajax)

23. He nearly died at Point Lookout in 1865 in a Union P.O.W. camp, but survived and was later one of the world’s finest flutists despite having tuberculosis. He didn’t reach poetic fame until Corn was published, and memorialized his native Georgia with The Marshes of Glynn. FTP, name this poet, best known for The Symphony. Ans: Sidney Lanier

24. It began as a peaceful protest in front of the tsar’s winter palace, in which the marchers led by Father Gaspon demanded better working conditions and a constituent assembly. As marchers singing the hymn “God Save the Tsar” approached the palace, government troops opened fire. FTP, name this January ninth, 1905 incident in St. Petersburg, in which hundreds of civilians were killed or wounded. Ans: Bloody Sunday

25. The title object is given to Rachel Verrinder for her birthday, but it disappears the same night. The suspects include Rachel, her cousin Franklin Blake, a housmaid, and a group of Indian jugglers. The story is narrated by the house steward Gabriel Betteredge, who aids Sergeant Cuff in solving the mystery. FTP, name this novel about a diamond, written by Wilkie Collins. Ans: The Moonstone BONI -- VIRGINIA TECH CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN. 1998

1. Answer the following questions about The Taming of the Shrew for the stated number of points each. First, for 5 points each, give the names of the Shrew and the man who tames her. Ans: Katherine and Petruchio Next, for 10 points, give the name of Katherine’s father. Ans: Baptista Minola(accept either) Finally, for 10 points, name the drunken tinker for whom the play is performed. Ans: Christopher Sly

2. Given the brightest star in the constellation, identify the constellation for 10 points each. Altair Ans: Aquila Procyon Ans: Canis Minor Spica Ans: Virgo

3. With the possible impeachment of a president looming, it seems appropriate to ask about the only previous case of impeachment in U.S. presidential history. Identify the following concerning Andrew Johnson’s near-removal from office, for the stated number of points. (a) Johnson’s violation of this act of Congress provided the radicals with a pretext for beginning impeachment proceedings. Name it FTP. Tenure of Office Act (b & c) Johnson had intended to create a test case for the Tenure of Office Act by firing one of his cabinet secretaries. For five points each, name the secretary and his department. Edwin Stanton; War (d) Article I, section 3 of the Constitution specifies that at the Senate trial of an impeached President, “. . .the Chief Justice shall preside.” FTP name the Chief Justice at the time of Johnson’s trial. Salmon P. Chase

4. For the stated number of points name the country which possesses the stated port cities. (5) - Aden, Mocha, and Nishtun Answer: Yemen (10) - Dunedin and Tauranga Answer: New Zealand (15)- Kaunas and Klaipeda Answer: Lithuania

5. Name the element from clues for the stated number of points: (5) First isolated by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825, this element is used in electrical transmission lines because of its lightness and price even though its electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper per area of cross section. Aluminum; accept aluminium (10) Named after the Greek word for a green twig because the green spectral line identified it this element was discovered in 1861 by Sir William Crookes. Odorless and tasteless, its sulphate was widely used as a rodenticide and ant killer. Thallium (15) Discovered by Anders Ekeberg in Sweden , 1802, this element is a greey blue solid at standard temperature and pressure. It is used in electrolytic capacitors, vacuum furnace parts, surgical appliances, and its carbide graphite composites may be some of the hardest materials ever made. Tantalum

6. 30-20-10 Name the writer from clues. (30) Born in Newport News, Virginia, this was also the setting for his first novel which won him the Prix de Rome from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. (20) In the summer of 1985, he was struck by clinical depression. His road to recovery resulted in "Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness." (10) He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1968 for The Confessions of Nat Turner. Answer: William Styron 7. In Carl Gustav Jung’s psychology, archetypes are ‘universal ideas or images’ that reside in the collective unconscious. Identify the the following archetypes from Jung’s description. Each part is 10 points. (1) This term refers generally to one’s external role, “the face put forward for society’s sake”, and most often it is a particular job or profession. Psychological well-being requires that one identify with such a role, but not to the extent that developments outside the role are hindered. persona (2) One form of this term, derived from the Latin for “spirit”, refers to the feminine image or “part of personality”. The other form of the term refers to the counterpart male image or “part of personality”. You may give either form of the term. anima or animus (3) People frequently attempt to repress or ignore this archetype, and not without reason, because it is the part of the personality that urges them to commit hostile or vengeful acts, without regarding societal norms or education. As the source of creativity in general, this archetype also offers great benefits to those who are able to come to terms with it and “accept it as normal”. shadow

8. FTSNOP, identify from clues these figures important in the development of the Athenian democracy. 1. (5) This poet and archon (annual ruler) of 594 B.C. instituted a reform of land distribution, made the Ecclesia (or, assembly) the sovereign body, and completely reformed the law code of Draco. In gratitude for this last service, especially, later historians included him in the list of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. Solon 2. (10) Over the opposition of the nobles and the Spartans, this scion of the prominent but ‘cursed’ Alcmaeonid clan in 508B.C. pushed through the bill of reforms which is generally considered to have established the Athenian democracy. Among other changes, he created demes, or localities, to replace bloodlines as the basis of political and social organization. Cleisthenes 3. (15) Leader of the democratic party, almost a half-century after Cleisthenes, this ‘general’ and enemy of Cimon in 462–1B.C. ‘stripped the aristocratic court, the Areopagus’ of all powers but those of judicial review. This move lead to his assassination, but not the repeal of his laws, which remained in place throughout the ‘radical’ phase of Athenian democracy. Ephialtes

9. Every good Scrabble player knows that the Q tile is the worst to have and getting rid of it quickly is a must. So, it is a blessing that there are three words three letters in length containing the letter Q. FTP each, given the part of speech and a brief definition, spell each word. (1) A preposition meaning "in the capacity or character of". Q - U - A (2) - A noun, it is a shrub cultivated in the Middle East and Africa for its leaves and buds that are the source of an habituating stimulant when chewed or used as a tea. Q - A - T (3) - This noun's definition is a marketplace in northern Africa or the Middle East or a stall in such a marketplace. S - U - Q

10. In the 1949 book The God That Failed six famous writers tell the story of their involvement with Communism and of their eventual disillusionment with the doctrine and the Party. For the stated number of points, from their respective descriptions in “Notes on Contributors”, identify the three so-called “Initiates”, those who had actually served the Party for extended periods. (5) “Born on September 4th, 1908, on a plantation twenty-five miles from Natchez, Mississippi... At fifteen he left home and worked for two years in Memphis where he read H.L. Mencken’s Book of Prefaces and decided to become a writer... He joined the Communist Part through the John Reed Club. His books are: Uncle Tom’s Children (short stories), How Bigger was Born, Native Son, and Black Boy.” Richard Wright (10) “Born on September 5, 1905, in Budapest... He joined the Communist Party on December 31, 1931, and left it in the spring of 1938, after his imprisonment by the Franco authorities during the Civil War in Spain, which he described in Spanish Testament... His works include Darkness at Noon,. . .The Yogi and the Commissar, [and] Insight and Outlook. . .” Arthur Koestler (15) “In 1921 he took part in the foundation of the Italian Communist Party;. . . . [He] left the Communist party in 1930... BIBLIOGRAPHY: Fonamara, novel, 1930; Bread and Wine, novel, 1937; The School for Dictators, dialogues, 1938.” Ignazio Silone or Secondo Tranquilli. 11. Name the American painter [from the Ashcan School] for 10 points. Five points if you need more info. (1a) A distant cousin of Mary Cassatt, he taught at the New York School of Art from 1902 to 1912 and at the Ferrer Center School from 1911 to 1918 where his students included Man Ray and (briefly) Leon Trotsky. (1b) One of his most famous works depicts Madame Voclezca as the title character in the first New York performance of one of Strauss' operas. Robert Earle HENRI (pronounced Hen-Rye but acc. Hen-Ree) (2a) He claimed to be a professional boxer named "Chicago Whitey" and worked for papers drawing some of the now classic early American comic strips of the 1890s, The Yellow Kid, Hogan's Alley, and McFadden's Flats. (2b) His Hester Street (1905), a "slice of overbrimming Jewish life from the Lower East Side", is composed of a "frieze of jostling figures parallel with the backdrop plane of tenements and shops". George LUKS (3a) His painting the Cliff Dwellers' original drawing was published by the socialist paper The Masses under the caption "Why don't they go to the country for a vacation?" (3b) His 1907 compostition,42 Kids , depicts adolescents on "Splinter Beach" in the Hudson whose "squirming, hopping bodies reminded one hostile critic of maggots". George BELLOWS

12. Identify the novel from characters for 10 points. If you need more, 5 points. 1. For 10 points, Settembrini, Dr. Behrens, Leo Naphta, and Dr. Krokowski For 5 pts., Hans Castorp and Joachim Ziemssen The Magic Mountain or Der Zauberberg by Thomas Mann 2. FTP, Diggory Venn and Damon Wildeve. For 5 pts., Clym & Thomasin Yeobright, and Eustacia Vye The Return Of The Native by Thomas Hardy 3. FTP, Teddy Bloat, Clive Mossmoon, Horst Achtfaden and Doctor Muffage. For 5 pts., Roger Mexico and Tyrone Slothrop Answer: Gravity’s Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon

13. For the stated number of points, Identify the following term from the world of biochemistry. (5) This six letter word, a synonym for phosphorylase , refers to a protein which attaches phosphate groups to target molecules. kinase (10)-When a protein is phosphorylated by a kinase, one of these two amino acids are most often the recipients of the phosphate group. Name them for five points each. serine and threonine (15)-For Fifteen points, this amino acid is the only one besides serine and threonine to be able to be phosphorylated by means of a phosphoester bond. tyrosine

14. Name the six individuals have preceeded Kofi Annan as Secretary-General of the United Nations. You will receive 5 points for each correct answer. Answers: Trygve Halvdan Lie, Dag Hammarskjold, U Thant, Kurt Waldheim, Javier Pérez de Cuellar, Boutros Boutros-Ghali (prompt on partial answers),

15. For ten points apiece, identify the following instrumental compositions written for or about children. (1) Composed originally in 1871 as a piano duet and later orchestrated by the composer, this Bizet suite includes movements called “The Swing”, “The Top”, “The Doll”, “The Hobby Horse”, “The Shuttle-cock”, “Little Husband and Little Wife”, and “The Ball”. Jeux des Enfants or Children’s Games Suite (2) Claude Debussy wrote this suite for his daughter, a young piano student. Its movements are “Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum” (a ‘light-hearted’ satire on Wagner), “Jimbo’s Lullaby”, “Serenade for the Dell”, “The Show is Dancing”, “The Little Shepherd”, and “Golliwogg’s Cake-walk” (burlesque of a finger-exercise). Children’s Corner (3) Subtitled “Variations and Fugure on a Theme of Purcell”, it was composed specifically for a 1946 educational film, but has since become ‘one of Benjamin Britten’s most popular concert pieces’ and is now generally performed without the spoken text. The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra. 16. Identify the following for the stated number of points. (1) 5 pts.: Name the German philosopher, who, as a professor at Jena from 1801 to 1807, at Heidelberg from 1816 to 1818, and at Berlin from 1818 to his death in 1831, developed an idealist system based on the tension between thesis and antithesis, culminating in a “richer synthesis”. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (2) 10 pts.: This first of Hegel’s great works was published in 1807. It describes the progress of the human mind through various stages of spiritual ignorance, the lowest of which he identifies as “mere consciousness”, through Geist, or “unconscious morality”, and various imperfect religions, and ultimately to Christianity and “absolute knowledge”. Phänomenologie des Geistes or The Phenomenology of Spirit (3) 15 pts.: In this 1821 work, Hegel attempted to “reconcile morality and self-interest” by recommending the formation of an “organic society” in which individual action would be devoted to the good of the community, and visa versa, and in which all people would follow the laws upon recognizing them as rationally justified and universally beneficial. Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse, or Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, or The Philosophy of Right.

17. Identify the following twentieth-century American poets, from quotations for 10 points, and from further clues, for five. (1a) “Drum on your drums, batter on your banjos, sob on the long cool winding saxophones. Go to it, O jazzmen” (1b) Often considered the poet laureate of the proletarian Midwest, he often used elements of folklore and an extended, paragraph-length line in Chicago Poems, Smoke and Steel, and The People, Yes. He later wrote a two-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln. Carl Sandburg (2a) “. . .It is morning, Senlin says, I ascend from darkness/And depart on the winds of space for I know not where;/My watch is woulnd, a key is in my pocket,/And the sky is darkened as I descend the stair.” (2b) Heavily influenced by T.S. Eliot and by psychoanalysis, this versatile Georgian, creator of “Morning Song of Senlin” and “Preludes to Definition”, was almost as successful as a short-story writer as he was as a poet. Characteristic stories include “Strange Moonlight” and “Silent Snow, Secret Snow”. Conrad Aiken (3a) “One three centuries removed/From the scenes his fathers loved,/Spicy grove, cinnamon tree/What is Africa to me?” (3b) In “Heritage”, “Simon the Cyrenian Speaks”, and the poems of Color, Copper Sun, and The Ballad of the Brown Girl, the Harlem Renaissance writer and adopted son of a minister ‘relied on classical verse forms’ to express racial themes. He published one novel, One Way to Heaven (1932). Countee Cullen

18. 30-20-10 get this guy. 30 - In The Division of Labor in Society, he proposed that in complex contemporary society, order was based on organic solidarity, while in simpler societies, it was based on mechanical solidarity. 20 - In his work, Suicide, he divided different forms of suicide into four different classes, altruistic, anomic, egoistic, and fatalistic. 10 - In 1898, he founded the Année sociologique, the first social science journal in France. His works include: The Rule of Sociological Method, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, and Incest; the Nature and Origin of the Taboo. Answer: Emile DURKHEIM 19. From clues, identify these treaties or agreements important in the political development of the Balkans. You’ll receive ten points for each correct answer. (1) After sufferring a crushing defeat at Zenta at the hands of the Holy League, the Ottomans agreed for the first time to negotiate and accept terms from the European powers. The resulting document, signed on January 26, 1699, in a village near Belgrade, transferred most of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia from the Muslim empire to Austria and the Peloponnese and Dalmatian coast to Venice and allowed Russia to establish a diplomatic mission in Constantinople. Treaty of Carlowitz (2) To end the Russo-Turkish War in 1878, the Ottoman empire agreed to recognize the independence of Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania, and autonomy of Bosnia-Hercegovina. Britain and Austria-Hungary, while not directly involved in the peace negotiatiations, subsequently objected that the treaty shifted the regional balance of power too much in favor of Russia. Treaty of San Stephano (3) A few months after the the signing of the Treaty of San Stephano, at this so-called “Congress”, the other powers compelled Russia to cancel some of the more objectionable provisions of the earlier treaty. Congress of Berlin

20. Answer the following questions about aquatic biomes for 10 points each. This zone of rapid temperature change separates the uniformly warm upper layer of water from the uniformly cold lower layer. Ans: Thermocline This type of lake has a high nutrient content, which leads to a high phytoplankton activity level. Ans: Eutrophic This biome is found at the ocean bottom beneath the neritic and pelagic zones. It contains seafloor communities near magma vents populated by tube worms and arthropods. Ans: Benthos

21. The famous landscape painting Kindred Spirits (1849) shows two figures standing on a rocky ledge above a wooded gorge, known as Kaaterskill Clove, in New York State. Identify the following concerning Kindred Spirits, for the stated number of points. (1) One of the two figures is actually a portrait American editor and poet, known primarily for his “Thanatopsis” and “To a Waterfowl”. For five points, name him. William Cullen Bryant (2) The second figure, who is gesturing and talking to his friend William Cullen Bryant, is a portrait of an American painter who had just died in 1848. For ten points, name this English immigrant, the founder of the Hudson River school, whose works include “The Oxbow”, “The Course of Empire”, as well as many scenes of Kaaterskill Clove, near his home. Thomas Cole (3) Name the American artist who memorialized Cole by painting Kindred Spirits. Asher Durand

22. 30-20-10, name the author. 30: He wrote a series of works chronicling the drunkenness and mental instabilities of two families in Les Rougon-Macquart. 20: In 1898, he spent 11 months in exile in England for sending a letter to the newspaper L’Aurore. 10: That letter to L’Aurore referred to the Dreyfus case and was titled J’Accuse. Ans: Emile Zola

23. Name the chemical law from a brief description for 15 points each. (a) This law states that at low pressures, gas solubility is directly proportional to pressure. The concentration of gas in the solution equals a constant times the partial pressure of the gas. Ans: Henry’s Law (b) This law expresses a relationship between the vapor pressure of a solvent and its concentration. The vapor pressure of the solvent is equal to the vapor pressure of pure solvent multiplied by the mole fraction of the solvent. Ans: Raoult’s Law

24. Identify the following novels, each of which was written by a Frenchman who would later receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. You will receive 10 points if you can name the novel from a list of characters, 5 points if you need further clues. (10) Dr. Bernard Rieux, Tarrou, Brother Paneloux, Grand, Cottard, Rambert, the Prefect. (5) Published in 1947 and set in contemporary Oran, Algeria, this allegorical novel attempts to show how people can overcome Nihilism and give meaning to their lives by ‘banding together to help one another’. It preceded Albert Camus’ prize by 10 years. La Peste, or The Plague (10) Olivier, George, and Vincent Molinier, Edouard, Bernhard Profitendieu, Laura Douviers, Compte de Passavant, Armand Vedel. (5) The only full-length novel of 1947 Laureate André Gide, it traces the interrelated and interwoven adventures and relationships of several youths, each of whom has to overcome hostile or amoral impulses to achieve personal equilibrium and integrity. This 1925 work takes its name from the illegal activity in which George Molinier and his gang are involved. Les Faux-Monnayeurs, or The Counterfeiters , or The Coiners (10) Melchior, Jean Michel, and Louisa Krafft, Antoinette, Olivier, Grazia, and the title character. (5) This epic chronicle of ‘the artistic development’ of a great composer, from early youth to death, can be read as a universal comment on the nature of genius, as an appeal for cultural and political harmony between France and Germany, or as a fictionalized biography of Ludwig van Beethoven. Published in 10 volumes between 1904 and 1912, it earned Romain Rolland the 1915 prize. Jean-Christophe.

25. For ten points each, name the figure from French history. (10) This man was made minister of war in the Freycinet cabinet. He gained popularity by demanding the return of the spy Schnaebele who had been seized by the Germans. Later on in his life he fled to Belgium when the republican cabinet let it be known that he was going to be tried for treason. Two years after fleeing, he took his own life. (10) It was through his intercessions that General Georges Boulanger was made minister of war. In 1906, "he attempted to pass his 17 point reform program, but the legislation was blocked". (10) The Rivet Law of August 31, 1871 gave him the title President of the Republic. Five months earlier he had made the "Bordeaux Pact" with the National Assembly in which he "promised not to give any one political faction an undue advantage over the others". Answers: General Georges BOULANGER, Georges CLEMENCEAU, Adolphe THIERS

26. Identify the cell organelle for 10 points each. In these organelles, cells assemble proteins according to their genetic instructions. The free variety is suspended in cytosol, while the bound variety are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ans: Ribosomes It consists of flattened membranous sacs, and each stack has a cis face and a trans face. Ans: Golgi Apparatus These organelles are bags of hydrolytic enzumes used to digest fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. They are theorized to form by budding from the Golgi apparatus. Ans: Lysosomes TOSSUPS BY TIRESIAS (BLIND ROUND) Center of the Known Universe Open 1998 Questions by special guest star Ben Lea

1) The entry for this mammal in the Encyclopedia Britannica almost fits. In many ways, Rick Steiner does resemble "a small, squat, broad bear". We assume that Robert Traylor has "strong teeth", and Elvis Grbac appears to have "short ears". But Ali Haji-Sheikh's legs are not "short and somewhat bowed", and Gerald Ford’s coat isn't "blackish brown with a light brown stripe extending from each side of the neck along the body to the base of the tail." And we won't even consider whether Chris Webber "has anal glands that secrete an unpleasant-smelling fluid." For 10 points, what college mascot, species Gulo gulo, have we been describing? ANSWER: Wolverine

2) She was an art tutor to Louis XVI's sister, Elisabeth, which, of course, made her a royalist. Thus, during the Reign of Terror, she was tossed into prison, where her job was to make death masks from the recently severed heads she found at the business end of a guillotine. Out of prison by 1795, she moved to England in 1802,taking her sons with her, finally settling down on Baker Street. For 10 points, name this woman, born Marie Grosholtz, whose lasting fame rests on her ability to mold figures. ANSWER: Madame Tussaud

3) David wrote A Journal of a Cruise Made to the Pacific Ocean 1812-1814, later used as source material for Herman Melville. William Trotter edited the Spirit of the Times. Gene Stratton wrote A Girl of the Limberlost. Edwin wrote and directed The Great Train Robbery, and Eleanor wrote Pollyanna. For 10 points, identify the last names of these American authors, a last name shared by the authors of Flowering Judas, “I Get a Kick Out of You,” and The Gift of the Magi. ANSWER: Porter

4) His adopted names come from Kikuyu words for "burning spear" and "fancy belt". A student of Bronislaw Malinowski at the London School of Economics, his thesis examined the traditional life of the Kikuyu. His politics ranged all over the map: Communist in the 1930s, nationalist in the 50s, capitalist in the 70s, urging the people of the country he helped to win independence to "pull together" with the slogan of "Harambee." For 10 points, identify this African leader, alleged instigator of the Mau Mau uprising and first President of Kenya. ANSWER: Jomo Kenyatta

5) He and his brother John made the earliest systematic use of nuclear reactors for cancer therapy. His greatest work was inspired by Eddington’s suggestion that stars might derive their energy from nuclear reactions. In 1929 he devised the principle of accelerating charged particles in a strong magnetic field using radio frequency power. FTP name this man, whose cyclotron won him the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics. ANSWER: Ernest O. Lawrence

6) Hearing that Reinhard Scheer had left port and was sailing into the Skaggerak, David Beatty led his force of battle cruisers in pursuit of a similar fleet, commanded by Fritz von Hipper. After heavy losses, Beatty fled to the main British fleet, followed by the full thrust of the German fleet. When the main fleets met, the British seemed to have the advantage, so Scheer headed back to port; however, the British admiral John Jellicoe had outflanked him, and Scheer had to run through the British fleet to get to port. FTP identify this naval battle, the only major encounter between the British and Germans in WWI. ANSWER: Battle of Jutland

7) Antaea, wife of King Proteus, fell in love with this man, but since she was married he rejected her. She then spitefully accused him of rape, and demanded her husband avenge her honor. Proteus sent him to Lycia for punishment by the king (Antaea's father), who sent him out to kill a great beast (this is Greek mythology, after all). When he surprisingly wasn't killed, he proceeded to conquer Solymi and the Amazons. For 10 points, name this hero, who slew the Chimera astride Pegasus. ANSWER: Bellerophon 8) When he gets a summons from Death, he tries to persuade severalfriends to journey with him. Fellowship, Kindred, Worldly Goods, Beauty, and others ditch him, but Good Deeds remains faithful, although so weak that he has to be strengthened by Knowledge and Confession. FTP name the title character and you’ve named the most famous of the morality plays. ANSWER: Everyman; accept Elckerlijk or Jedermann

9) More specifically, it is a self-governing group of islands in the Pacific, with a total of 271 square miles on four islands: Kosrae, Truk, Yap, and Ponape, on which the capital city of Kolonia sits. Less specifically, it is an ethnogeographic grouping of Pacific islands, comprising the above mentioned four, as well as Kiribati, Nauru, the Northern Marianas, the Marshall Islands, Palau, and Guam. For 10 points, give the 10-letter name that confusingly describes both of these island groups. ANSWER: Micronesia

10) Name's the same, first and last: Bret Harte's longest novel, in which he depicts a group of forty-niners during the gold rush, notably the recurring gambler Jack Hamlin; and the Irishman who realizes the life he has led in the absence of love, in James Joyce's The Dead. For 10 points, give the common first and last name. ANSWER: Gabriel Conroy

11) This man was the basis for the Wizard himself, according to the theory which holds that The Wizard of Oz is a parable about American politics at the turn of the century, The owner of a vast coal and iron enterprise, he firmly believed that the health of American business could only be preserved through the Republican party. After working to get support for numerous candidates, he found the man he was looking for in Ohio congressman William McKinley. For 10 points, name this man, an Ohio senator until his death in 1904, sometimes referred to as the first king-maker in American politics. ANSWER: Mark Hanna

12) In his unpublished 1796 pamphlet "The Crisis", he argued that England’s new Poor Laws, setting up workhouses and such, were a good idea. By 1820, he’d focused his attention on economic distress, arguing that public works projects and private luxury investment would increase demand and thus prosperity and (anticipating Keynes) that saving "pushed to excess, would destroy the motive to production. FTP name this gloomy economist, whose most long-lasting work repudiated those workhouses, stating that the growth of population will always tend to outrun the growth of production. ANSWER: Thomas Malthus

13) Prairie View A&M broke its 80 game losing streak by beating Langston College, which brings to mind this man, the most noted Langston alumnus ever to play in the NFL. In September 1997, he went on a hunger strike to raise funds for a running track in Austin, TX. Not bad for a man who once said that Terry Bradshaw couldn't spell cat if you spotted him the c and the a. For 10 points, identify this man, whose book, Out of Control: Confessions of an NFL Casualty, details this ‘70’s Cowboy linebacker’s addiction to, and eventual triumph over, narcotics addiction. ANSWER: Thomas “Hollywood” Henderson

14) Pliny the Elder thought this man’s "Aphrodite of Cnidus" to be the finest statue in existence, although that might be attributed to it depicting Aphrodite nude. "Apollo Sauroctonus," which depicts the young god about to kill a lizard with a bow and arrow, survives only through ancient Roman copies. Indeed, only one work he executed remains from antiquity: "Hermes Carrying the Infant Dionysus." FTP, identify this man, whose depiction of graceful figures leaning against some kind of support became the standard for Greek sculpture. ANSWER: Praxiteles

15) It stimulates the smooth muscles of the bronchi to contract, so it can bring on symptoms of asthma. Or it can increase peristalsis in the stomach, or decrease the capacity of the bladder. But it was the effect of slowing down heart rate that first attracted the attention of Otto Loewi in 1921, research for which he won the 1936 Nobel in Physiology/Medicine. For 10 points, identify this ester, chemical formula C7H16NO2+, which also plays an important role in memory and cognition and is in abnormally short supply in Alzheimer's patients. ANSWER: Acetylcholine 16) Alexander held several posts in the Ottoman Empire, rising as high as governor or Walachia and Moldavia, until his execution in 1807 for conspiracy. His son Constantine was, like his father, governor of Walachia and Moldavia, but he was ousted for being too pro-Russian. His elder son, another Alexander, led unsuccessful revolts in -- yep -- Walachia and Moldavia, after fighting for Greek independence. FTP name this Greek family, whose most famous member, Demetrios, rose to commander of the Greek forces after his capture of Tripolis, for which feat the seat of Washtenaw County, Michigan and home of Eastern Michigan University was renamed after him. ANSWER: Ypsilanti

17) Lillian Hellmann’s The Little Foxes takes its name from this book, which also included the quotes “His banner over me was love” and “I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valley.” Many scholars question its place in the canon, noting that such phrases as “A garden inclosed is my sister, my spouse” and “Thy breasts are like two young roes that are twins, which feed among the lilies” make it sound suspiciously like love poetry. FTP name this Old Testament book. ANSWER: Song of Solomon, or Song of Songs

18) The word seems to have derived from a variant of a verb (dating from Biblical times) meaning to hit or strike, with an Irish diminutive ending appended at the end. According to the OED, it was first used in 1829 by Griffin, and its meaning has not varied since then. For a quick 10 points, identify this 11-letter word, meaning small fragments, from which Jim Babjak, Dennis Diken, Mike Mesaros, and lead singer Pat Dinizio took the name of their band, which had two top 40 hits Blood and Roses and A Girl Like You. ANSWER: Smithereens

19) The kids in PBS' Ghostwriter attend a school named for this woman. A puipil of Franz Boas, she began professional life as an ethnologist, traveling to Haiti to study voodoo. However, she eventually rejected the detached, scientific viewpoint in favor of a more personal involvement with her heritage; works include her autobiography Dust Tracks on a Road. For 10 points, identify this Harlem Renaissance author of the 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. ANSWER: Zora Neale Hurston

20) Timing, they say, is everything. In 1676, a French physicist and plant physiologist named Edme Mariotte published a work called "Discourse on the Nature of Air", in which he released the results of years of research, that if there is no change in the temperature of a gas, then the volume of that gas varies inversely with its pressure. This is why the French often refer to this as Mariotte's Law, while the rest of the world thinks of it, for 10 points, in conjunction with what English scientist, who discovered the same relationship 14 years earlier? ANSWER: Robert Boyle (accept Boyle's law before "scientist")

21) There are really three different stories going on in the beginning the fall of Babylon, the Pharisees' condemnation of Jesus, and the massacre of Huguenots on the eve of St. Bartholomew's joined together by a brief sequence of film suggested by Whitman’s "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking." The culmination is a melodramatic vignette about a couple torn apart by social reformers during a strike. For 10 points, identify this 1916 film, featuring Lillian Gish, Douglas Fairbanks, and Erich von Stroheim, and co-written by Tod Browning, Anita Loos and its director, D. W. Griffith. ANSWER: Intolerance

22) In the 1600s, English mathematician Leonard Digges, father of the first man to assert that the universe was infinite, experimented with putting a spyglass on top of a set of legs. Today, a modification of this device is used to measure the altitude and azimuth of weather balloons to determine wind velocity. For 10 points, identify this device, much more commonly seen off to the side of a road, used to measure horizontal and vertical angles in surveying. ANSWER: theodolite TOSSUPS BY TIRESIAS (BLIND ROUND) Center of the Known Universe Open 1998 Questions by special guest star Ben Lea

1) So, John Glenn is going back up into space. For 10 points each, identify these people in Glenn's orbit. A) CNN.com had signed on this reporter to cover Glenn's preparation. Unfortunately, those columns have stopped now, since the reporter died in September. ANSWER: John Holliman B) The last time a sitting member of the Senate went into space, it was this Utah Senator whose inability to keep his lunch down earned him the sobriquet "Barfin' Jake". ANSWER: Jake Garn C) This actor portrayed Glenn in The Right Stuff, which probably helped him prepare for his role as Gene Kranz in Apollo 13. ANSWER: Ed Harris

2) So, this question writer heard a radio ad for "Lifeline" which purports to be a Christian-oriented long distance service, offering an "alternative to the Big 3 and their liberal agendas." For 5 points each, prove yourself to be a part of the liberal agenda by identifying which of the Big 3 these people are spokespersons for. A) Michael Jordan ANSWER: MCI B) Paul Reiser ANSWER: AT&T C) Candice Bergen ANSWER: Sprint D) Sam Neill ANSWER: MCI E) Elmer Fudd ANSWER: MCI F) George Jetson ANSWER: Sprint

3) Aristotle formulated three laws as basic to any consistent logical thought in his Organon. For 10 points each, identify those laws, given a more contemporary statement of each. A) "To be or not to be, that is the question." -- Hamlet ANSWER: Law of the Excluded Middle (A must be either A or not A) B) "If one orbital state is occupied by an electron of spin one-half, the other may be occupied only by an electron of opposite spin, or spin negative one-half." -- Wolfgang Pauli ANSWER: Law of Contradiction (A cannot be both A and not A) C) "I am what I am" Popeye ANSWER: Law of Identity (A is A)

4) 30-20-10, name this American author. 30) He is sometimes referred to as a professional Harvardian, as over one-quarter of his 408 poems relate or refer to Harvard in one way or another. 20) A physician, he published a paper in 1843 called "The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever", in which he contended that childbed fever was being spread by improperly sterilized doctors. Several poems reflect his medical experiences, including "The Stethoscope Song", as do his three so-called "medicated novels" -- Elsie Venner, The Guardian Angel, and A Mortal Antipathy. 10) He first gained national fame when his appeal to preserve the warship Constitution from destruction at the hands of the US government was published in 1830 in the Boston Daily Advertiser. Public sentiment agreed with him after they read his poem, called "Old Ironsides". ANSWER: Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.

5) There have only been 16 popes named Gregory, so you have a pretty good shot, ultimately. For 5 points each, which Pope Gregory: A) Excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II? ANSWER: 9 B) Excommunicated, then forgave, HRE Henry IV? ANSWER: 7 C) Introduced the Gregorian calendar? ANSWER: 13 D) Ended the Babylonian Captivity? ANSWER: 11 E) Was St. Gregory the Great? ANSWER: 1 F) Introduced the Gregorian chant? ANSWER: 1 6) For 10 points each, I'll give you the origin of a star's name, you name the star. If you need to know what constellation it is the brightest star in, you'll earn only five points. A) 10 points) Copernicus named it not after a consul of the first Punic War, but as a diminutive form of "ruler", due to the belief that it ruled the affairs of the heavens. 5 points) Leo ANSWER: Regulus B) 10 points) There was an attempt at one point to rename it "Newton", but its old name stuck, coming from the ear of wheat in Ceres' left hand. 5 points) Virgo ANSWER: Spica C) 10 points) Ptolemy named this star in the Syntaxis, and called it "similar to" or "rival of" Mars, presumably in reference to its coloration. 5 points) Scorpio ANSWER: Antares

7) 30-20-10, name this physicist from stuff that was named after him. 30) He suggested a system of electromagnetic units analogous to the MKS system, which is now in use in particle physics and is named after him and Lorenz. 20) In 1894, he suggested replacing differential equations with multiplicative equations, then solving by division and reconverting. This necessitated the introduction of nondifferentiable functions, such as Y(x) = 1 for x>0, Y(x)=0 for x<=0, which is named for him alone. 10) He predicted the existence of a reflecting ionized layer of atmosphere surrounding the earth. Upon the discovery of it, it was briefly named after him and A. E. Kennelly, before adopting the more commonly-used name of ionosphere. ANSWER: Oliver Heaviside

8) For 10 points each, given a definition from Ambrose Bierce's Devil's Dictionary, identify the word. HINT: They all begin with the same letter. A) A trite popular saying, or proverb. So called because it makes its way into a wooden head. ANSWER: Saw B) A body of elderly gentlemen charged with high duties and misdemeanors. ANSWER: Senate C) A dead sinner revised and edited. ANSWER: Saint

9) It is arguable whether or not the colonies would have won independence had it not been for the ill-fated Saratoga Campaign. Answer these questions about that 1777 British stratagem to capture Albany for the stated number of points. 15 points) One attack was to come from the south and New York City; it never got there. A second was to attack from the west and the Mohawk River. This man led that force they besieged Fort Stanwix on August 3, but were frightened by a rumor and ran back to Canada. ANSWER: Barry St. Leger 5 points) The third force was swooping south from Canada, led by John Burgoyne. On July 6, they captured this fort on the northern bank of Lake George. ANSWER: Ticonderoga 10 points) Burgoyne's men were then defeated in a raid on Bennington, and halted near Saratoga Springs. There, outflanked and outnumbered at Freeman's Farm and Bemis Heights, Burgoyne surrendered to this American general. ANSWER: Horatio Gates 10) For the stated number of points, answer these questions about the geography of everyone's favorite African country, Burkina Faso. (Did you know it means "Land of the Upright Men" in Swahili?) 5 points) The country's main rivers are the Black, White, and Red tributaries of this river. ANSWER: Volta 10 points) 6 countries border Burkina Faso. For 10 points, name any three. ANSWER: Benin, Togo, Niger, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali 15 points) Southwestern Burkina Faso is dominated by this escarpment, rising sharply to roughly 500 feet above sea level. ANSWER: Banfora Escarpment

11) 30-20-10, name this author. 30) His first novel was The Shifting of Fire, and he collaborated with Jack London on Romance. 20) His Parade's End tetralogy, consisting of Some Do Not, No More Parades, A Man Could Stand Up, and Last Post, came in at #57 on Modern Library's top 100 novels 20th century English language novels. 10) The Good Soldier came in at #30. ANSWER: Ford Madox Ford (or Ford Hermann Hueffer, if somebody's being pretentious)

12) One of the first things a good College Bowl player learns is not to buzz in on a list of paintings when "Adoration of the Magi" is mentioned, since everybody worth his camel hair has a work called "Adoration of the Magi" in the ouevre. For the stated number of points, name the painter who's done an "Adoration of the Magi" given other works. 10 points) "Judith and Holofernes" and "The Madonna of the Pomegranate" ANSWER: Sandro Botticelli 5 points) "Hay Wain" and "Garden of Earthly Delights" ANSWER: Hieronymus Bosch 10 points) "Madonna and Child" and "Adam and Eve Expelled from Paradise" ANSWER: Masaccio 5 points) "St. Anne with the Virgin and Child" and "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" ANSWER: Albrecht Durer

13) So, how many Paraguayan rulers can you name? Hope it's at least three... For the stated number of points: 10 points) This Spanish explorer was shipwrecked in 1528 and enslaved. Escaping to Mexico, his reports of the Pueblo Indians gave rise to the myth of the Seven Cities of Cibola. For his work, he was awarded governorship of a region of Paraguay, but we remember him today as having the funniest name of all the conquistadors. ANSWER: Alvar Cabeza de Vaca (yep, that's Spanish for "cow head") 5 points) Military ruler and virtual dictator of Paraguay from 1954 until he was deposed in 1989, he cooperated with Brazil in the construction of the Itaipu Dam, which brought huge sums of money into Paraguay (i.e., to him). His presidency was the longest period of unbroken rule in Latin America in the 20th century. ANSWER: Alfredo Stroessner 15 points) Stroessner's overthrow came at the hands of this man, his top military advisor, who faked a broken leg in order to miss the staff meeting at which he was to be fired from the military staff. He announced that democracy had returned to Paraguay, and declared elections, which he then summarily won with 74 % of the vote. ANSWER: Andres Rodriguez

14) For the stated number of points, name the composers of these examples of Romanticism in German opera. 5 points) Die Fledermaus ANSWER: Johann Strauss the Younger 10 points) Der Freischutz ANSWER: Carl Maria von Weber 15 points) Hans Heiling ANSWER: Heinrich August Marschner 15) Given a Greek play, name its playwright, 5 points each. A) Wasps ANSWER: Aristophanes B) Hippolytus ANSWER: Euripides C) Dyscolus ANSWER: Menander D) Prometheus Bound ANSWER: Aeschylus E) Philoctetes ANSWER: Sophocles F) Iphigenia in Tauris ANSWER: Euripides

16) For 5 points each, given a city, tell whether or not it was controlled by the Ottoman Empire at the end of Suleiman the Great's reign. 1) Vienna no 2) Rhodes yes 3) Belgrade yes 4) Malta no 5) Tunis no 6) Constantinople yes

17) 30-20-10, name this man. And please note, this was not written by Charlie Steinhice. 30) Arguably, this man had as much influence on the young Charlie Steinhice as anybody who'd been dead 20 years before Charlie was born can. He not only made the publication of the Dictionary of American Biography possible, thereby insuring that Charlie would be able to make a career as a reference librarian, but he also founded Lookout Mountain Park in Chattanooga. 20) At the age of 11, he was a printer's apprentice in Knoxville, TN, rising through the ranks to become compositor in 1872. Six years later, he borrowed $250, and purchased the Chattanooga Times, which he ran successfully until the panic of 1893, which wiped away most of his fortune. 10) Freedom being just another word for nothing left to lose, he moved to New York and bought the struggling New York Times. In order to beat Pulitzer and Hearst, he shied away from yellow journalism, choosing instead to publish "all the news that's fit to print." ANSWER: Adolph Ochs

18) For 10 points each, identify these important works in southern history. 1) Origins of the New South 1877-1913 (1951) ANSWER: C. Vann Woodward 2) The Mind of the South (1941) ANSWER: W. J. Cash 3) The Emergence of the New South 1913-1945 (1967) ANSWER: George Brown Tindall

19) For the stated number of points, identify these members of the luckiest family in mythological history, the house of Atreus. 5 points) One of Atreus' sons, he managed to avoid the worst parts of the family curse -- after all, he got to return to Sparta with his wife Helen. ANSWER: Menelaus 5 points) Atreus' granddaughter, she convinced her brother to murder their mother and her lover Aegisthus (who was Atreus' grandson), in retribution for the murder of their father. ANSWER: Electra 5 points) Atreus' brother, he fought for control of Mycenae, killed Atreus' son Plisthenes, and eventually ate his own son in a stew after Atreus arranged for the killing of his own nephew. ANSWER: Thyestes 15 points) OK, impress me. Name the step-brother Atreus and Thyestes killed that started the whole thing. ANSWER: Chrysippus

20) Generally speaking, taxonomists divide the true butterflies (Papilionoidea) into about six families. 10 points each, name any three of those families. ANSWER: Pieridae, Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Libytheidae, and Nymphalidae TOSSUPS BY PEW (BLIND ROUND) CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Questions by Robert Trent

1. It is a blue-white star (spectral type B7 V) of 1.35 magnitude. This star also gives its name to a local group dwarf elliptical galaxy. Also called Kabeleced, HR 3982, & Alpha Leonis, it is the brightest star in Leo. FTP, name it. Answer: Regulus

2. This estate is described as ancient & beautiful, between the rose garden & the sea in Cornwall. On the night of a huge party, Captain Searle's steamer sinks in its bay, leading to the unfolding of the mystery of the first Mrs. de Winter, Rebecca. FTP, name this manse created by Daphne du Maurier. Answer: Manderley

3. In 1832 as a 2nd lieutenant, he was one of Black Hawk's personal escorts from Wisconsin to Missouri. In 1835, he established the plantation of Brierfield near Vicksburg. He served Pierce as Secretary of War, but is best remembered for his presidency of the Confederacy. FTP, name him. Answer: Jefferson Davis

4. Currently people in Russia are hoarding dollars & spending rubles to get rid of them. However, Elizabeth I's master of the mint would tell them that bad money drives out good. FTP, name this law of economics. Answer: Gresham's law

5. One of his first great misdeeds was coveting & then taking the vineyard of Naboth. His treachery earned the disdain of Elijah, who foretold bad things for him & his wife Jezebel. FTP, name this Biblical king. Answer: Ahab

6. These are any particle that has integer spin measured in the units of h-bar (spin=0, 1, 2...). They are associated with the force fields, carrier particles, & include mesons. FTP, name this class of particles that do not follow the Pauli Exclusion principle & are often paired with fermions. Answer: bosons

7. One of those who tries to examine its curse is a daguerrotypist who fancies Phoebe. Nevertheless, Clifford gets linked to murder near Maule's Well, but the end of Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon leads to a happy ending for Hepzibah & Holgrave. FTP, name this titular domicile of a Hawthorne novel. Answer: The House of the Seven Gables

8. He was the daimyo of Mikawa & supported the ascension of Nobunaga. When Hideyoshi took control of Edo, he again lent his support. However, at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he was able to seize power as the undisputed shogun of Japan. FTP, name him. Answer: Tokugawa Ieyasu; accept Ieyasu

9. The one on the left stands looking to her right, with one hand against the wall, her face in shadow. The next looks directly outward, with her right arm behind her head & her lower body draped in white. The next has both arms above her head & the same drapery. The two on the right have much more distorted faces, & their nude bodies are much more depicted as cubes. FTP, name this 1907 painting by Picasso. Answer: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

10. This range lies near the Rif Range. The rivers Moulouya & the Sebou flow near it. The tallest mountain in the range is Jebel Toubkal, which is the highest mountain in North Africa. FTP, name this Moroccan mountain range. Answer: Atlas 11. In 1611, he joined the order of the Minims & devoted himself to scholarship. He defended Galileo & Descartes, & had Descartes, Fermat, & others meet at his monastic cell. He stated that if n = 2 to the p - 1 is prime, then p is prime. The series of prime numbers in this formula is named for him. FTP, name this French mathematician. Answer: Marin Mersenne

12. Because Mr. Whitaker & Stella-Ronda done separated. Because Mama & Papa-Daddy done drove me crazy. Because Uncle Rondo can kiss my foot, & because China Grove, Mississippi just don't suit me. Because I hope I get a postcard. These are the reasons that the narrator has in a short story by Eudora Welty. FTP, name it. Answer: Why I Live at the P.O.

13. His Canada Act led to representative institutions for English- and French-speaking Canada. He also established the colonization of Australia, & proposed toleration of Catholics. He is remembered for his tenure as Prime Minister after the loss of the American colonies. FTP, name him. Answer: William Pitt the Younger

14. It all started in the house of Cephalus in Piraeus. The next day, Timaeus Hermocrates & Critias hear what Glaucon, Polemarchus, & others could learn from Socrates about an ideal state. FTP, name this work of Plato. Answer: The Republic

15. Of all the Major Leaguers in the playoffs this year, Jay Powell of the Astros, Felix Heredia of the Cubs, Moises Alou of the Astros, & Kevin Brown of the Padres all won the World Series last year before being jettisoned by - FTP - what team? Answer: Florida Marlins (accept either part)

16. In 1951 this scientist started work at King's College & began to investigate the crystal structure of DNA. Her colleague at King's College was Maurice Wilkins, who believed she was there only to assist and augment his research. As a result, her x-ray crystallographs proving DNA's double helix structure were ignored. FTP, name this scientist. Answer: Rosalind Franklin

17. To a willowy brook with fantastic garlands did she come of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples. This after her final utterances about plants - pansies for thoughts & rosemary for remembrance. FTP, name this drowned daughter of Polonius in Hamlet. Answer: Ophelia

18. This battle is often linked with Platea. Greek fire & hand-to-hand combat among sailors led to Xerxes' fleet being defeated in 480 BC by Themistocles. FTP, name this naval battle. Answer: Salamis

19. It begins with an allegro con brio with twin oboes as counterpoints. It then becomes a marcia funebre. Its finale is presto. This composition in E flat major was originally dedicated to Napoleon. FTP, name this symphony of Beethoven. Answer: Eroica or Third Symphony

20. These sisters live near the Well of Urd (oord) at the foot of Yggdrasil. They see what is, what was, & what will be. Their names are Erd, Skuld, & Verdandi. FTP, name this group of Norse fates. Answer: The Norns (acc: their names if answered before any are mentioned) BONI CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 BLIND ROUND Questions by Robert Trent

B1. Identify these battles fought by Tecumseh FTP each. A. This Oct. 1813 battle saw Tecumseh killed in battle as a brigadier-general ally of the British in the War of 1812. Answer: Battle of the Thames B. Tecumseh fought valiantly in this August 1794 battle under Blue Jacket, but the defeat by Wayne & the Treaty of Greenville stirred him to fight white encroachment even more. Answer: Battle of Fallen Timbers C. This Nov. 1811 battle was led more by Tenskwataweh, but William Henry Harrison's repulsion of the Indians was regarded as a personal defeat for Tecumseh. Answer: Battle of Tippecanoe

B2. The title female characters in operas often find amazing ways to die. Given the manner of death, name the opera FTP each. If you need a composer, you'll get 5 pts. each. A1. She jumps from the prison tower of Castel Sant'Angelo after killing the corrupt Scarpia. A2. Giacomo Puccini Answer: Tosca B1. Trying to see Escamillo, she is stabbed by the lover she dumps by throwing the ring he gave her in his face. B2. Georges Bizet Answer: Carmen C1. She is buried alive in a tomb under the Temple of Vulcan with her lover Rhadames. C2. Guiseppe Verdi Answer: Aida

B3. Answer these questions about the Biblical Noah FTP each. A. All or nothing, name his three sons. Answer: Ham, Shem, & Japheth B. This son of Methuselah was Noah's father. Answer: Lamech C. Noah curses this son of Ham. Answer: Canaan

B4. Identify these enzyme-secreting parts of the body FTP each. A. Along with the so-called salivary glands, these glands in the cheek area produce amylase. Answer: parotids B. The glands of Lieberkuhn lie in this tract of the alimentary canal & produce several enzymes. Answer: small intestine (acc: duodenum) C. Amylase is also produced in this gland that is both exocrine in having ducts for this enzyme & endocrine for its hormone products like glucagon. Answer: pancreas

B5. Name the authors of these works of magical realism , 5-10-15: A. 5 pts.: This Colombian may be the most highly regarded novelist of the form for such works as One Hundred Years of Solitude & Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Answer: Gabriel Garcia Marquez B. 10 pts. This author's recent Aphrodite may be even more magically realist than her In the House of Spirits. Answer: Isabelle Allende C. 15 pts.: The Old Gringo has this Mexican talk about Ambrose Bierce. Aura and Chac Mool may be his most noted magical realist works. Answer: Carlos Fuentes

B6. Name these people from the French Revolution FTP each. A. Dismissal of this finance minister who had called the Estates-General helped cause the storming of the Bastille. Answer: Jacques Necker B. This Montagnard leader became nominal French leader in 1792, but was executed by the Committee of Public Safety in 1794. Answer: George Jacques Danton C. This Jacobin leader was the head of the Committee during the Reign of Terror. He was executed in 1794 as well. Answer: Maximilian Robespierre B7. Name these items from Jewish tradition for the stated number of points. A. For 5, Wednesday began this Day of Atonement with sacrifices with chickens at the Wailing Wall. Answer: Yom Kippur B. For 10, a blood sacrifice is often made by this man of skill, piety and expertise who kills food-animals according to tradition. Answer: shochet C. For 5, an animal killed by a shochet & prepared according to Jewish dietary law is thus termed what? Answer: kosher D. For 10, hogs, pigs, shellfish, & the like are not kosher, & are called what? Answer: trayf

B8. This past Tuesday was quite a release date for some long awaited CDs. Given a title released on Tuesday, name the artist FTP each. A. Is This Desire? Answer: PJ Harvey B. The Love Movement Answer: A Tribe Called Quest C. Taming the Tiger Answer: Joni Mitchell (acc: Joni or God)

B9. Now, who left this phenyl-magnesium bromide here? Answer these questions about this substance FTPE: A. Phenylmagnesium bromide is an example of a class of organic reagents named for their French formulator. What is the class of reagent? Answer: Grignard reagents B. In solution, it can act like either an acid or a base at times, meaning that it is also an example of what term? Answer: amphoteric C. It is also used in achieving the speciation of this element once known for making one 'mad as a hatter.' Answer: mercury

B10. Given a description, name the fantastic tale by Poe FTP each. A. A man meets his exact double, who has the same name. Answer: William Wilson B. The first of these title creatures is killed by the narrator, but another one with a mark like a white noose around its neck returns to reveal his crimes. Answer: The Black Cat C. This object contains the dead body of a Mrs. Wyatt, whose phantasm seems to haunt the ship from Charleston. Answer: The Oblong Box

B11. Given the year & a synopsis of what was decided, name the Supreme Court case or face Charlie's wrath! A. This 1963 case from Florida guaranteed counsel to all defendants. Answer: Gideon v. Wainwright B. This 1961 case revolved around an illegal search & seizure at a single mother's home in Cleveland. The evidence obtained was inadmissible. Answer: Mapp v. Ohio C. Though Robert Fulton's name doesn't appear in its name, this 1824 case about his monopoly of interstate commerce made interstate concerns federal ones. Answer: Gibbons v. Ogden

B12. Given a building, name the English architect who designed it FTP each. A. Strawberry Hill Answer: Horace Walpole B. St. Paul's Cathedral, London Answer: Sir Christopher Wren C. The Queen's House, Greenwich, 1635 Answer: Inigo Jones

B13. Some physical laws didn't make as much sense until quantum theory came along. Given a law named for its formulator(s) name it FTP each. A. The specific heat of all elements is the same on a per atom basis Answer: Dulong & Petit B. The volume of an enclosed gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Answer: Charles’; accept Gay-Lussac’s C. Pressure is uniform over a static fluid. Answer: Pascal B14. Hopefully we can all tell our Brontes apart; however, given a Bronte-free British Victorian work of literature, name its female author FTP each. A. Daniel Deronda Answer: George Eliot or Mary Evans B. Goblin Market Answer: Christina Rossetti C. Aurora Leigh Answer: Elizabeth Barrett Browning; accept Barrett Browning

B15. Given a description of a phoneme, give me the English letter that best approximates it FTP each. A. voiced affricate Answer: J B. lateral liquid Answer: L C. voiceless bilabial stop Answer: P

B16. Given some information, name the pharaoh FTP each. A. This pharaoh was noted for the trading expedition to the land of Punt & became pharaoh while acting as regent for Thutmose III. Answer: Hatshepsut B. This pharaoh of the New Kingdom established a new capital at Tel Al-Amarna to establish a monotheistic religion. He was married to Nefertiti. Answer: Akhenaton (prompt on Amenhotep IV) C. He succeeded Seti I is thought to be the Pharaoh who opposed Moses. Answer: Ramses II

B17. Name these works of Freud FTP each. A. This 1900 work details how humans unconsciously perform condensation, displacement, distortion, and wish fulfillment while asleep. Answer: The Interpretation of Dreams or Die Traumdeutung B. This 1939 work analyzes the spread of Judeo-Christianity & Islam as a subordination to Father figures. Answer: Moses & Monotheism or Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische religion C. First published in 1912, this collection of essays shows the links between mythic prohibitions & rituals & everyday neurotic behavior. Answer: Totem & Taboo or Der Totem und Tabu

B18. Name the authors of the following novels that treat the existential situation - or at least the French variety - on a 10-5 basis. 1A. The Fall 1B. The Plague Answer: Albert Camus 2A. The Blood of Others 2B. The Mandarins Answer: Simone de Beauvoir 3A. Troubled Sleep 3B. Nausea Answer: Jean-Paul Sartre

B19. Name these geologic features FTP each. A. An elongate or oval hill of glacial drift, commonly glacial till, deposited by glacier ice and having its long axis parallel to the direction of ice. Answer: drumlin B. The fraction of the fertile soil organic matter that remains after most of the added plant and animal residues have decomposed. It is usually dark, & contains mor, mull, & moder. Answer: humus C. This is the type of soil in which a mixture of clay, sand, & silt abound in varying percentages. Answer: loam

B20. Identify these things in CA's famous Yosemite Valley FTP each. A. This river flows through the valley, even flooding it in 1997. It even has a moraine-formed lake named for it as well. Answer: Merced B. The largest of these plants in Wawona is named Giant Grizzly. Answer: Giant Sequoia C. This 4800-foot tall bit of granite rises above the valley floor, but is actually the youngest plutonic rock in the area. Answer: Half Dome TOSSUPS - EMERGENCY BLIND ROUND CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Questions by Charlie Steinhice

1. His first act was to make the Euphrates the empire’s eastern border and thus abandon his predecessor’s untenable Parthian conquests. His domestic reforms improved civil service, law, and taxation. He suppressed the rebellion of Simon Barchocheba in Palestine. And his most famous erection was 73 miles long -- what a guy! FTP name the Roman emperor who built a wall to keep the troublesome Picts out of England. [Hadrian]

2. A graduate of the University of Iowa, while at Johns Hopkins in the late 1940’s he used captured German V-2 rockets to carry instruments into the upper atmosphere. He returnedto Iowa as a professor, where he was involved in the design and instrumentation of Explorer I. The major finding of his high altitude research was the existence of two zones of radiation around the Earth. FTP name him. [James Van Allen]

3. According to one reference source he was professor of physics at Turin from 1834 to 1859, but the same source says he died in 1856. Guess his coursework was a bit light those last three years. Anyway, his stint at Turin was late in his life, well after he formulated his most famous hypothesis in 1811. But it took till 1860 for Stanislao Cannizzaro to verify it and realize its significance. FTP name the man who postulated that equal volumes of gases at equal pressures contain equal numbers of molecules. [Amedeo Avogadro]

4. Ernest Borgnine, Hume Cronyn, Patricia Neal, and Kevin Spacey all got their starts here; the most famous alumnus is Gregory Peck. Since George Bernard Shaw was a vegetarian, it sent him spinach as royalty payment, while Noel Coward, Thornton Wilder, and Tennessee Williams accepted Virginia ham. It had the hams because for the audience a whole pig was worth a season pass. FTP name this red-brick theatre in Abingdon, VA, which keeps thename from its Depression-era means of survival. [the Barter Theatre]

5. Its biggest advantage is that it results in straight-line bearings that are correct, an obvious aid in navigation. However, some have charged that its continued use is Eurocentric because it distorts the areas closer to the pole so that they appear larger. It shows the meridians and parallels as crossing at right angles because the spherical Earth is projected as a cylinder onto a flat surface. FTP name this map projection, named for its 16th century inventor. [Mercator projection]

6. These horrible monsters make an appearance in the Aeneid, where they predict dire troubles for the Trojans, including that they will have to eat their own tables. They are better known from the Voyage of the Argo, where they putrified the table of King Phineus until Zetes and Calais drove them off. FTP, what are these half-woman, half-bird monsters, whose collective name today is still used as an insult? [Harpies]

7. It comes from a slang term for a buzzing insect. Federico Fellini chose it as the name for a character in La Dolce Vita, and the term soon came to apply to real-life equivalents such as Ron Galella. FTP give this term for a reporter or photographer, usually freelance, who doggedly and intrusively searches for sensational stories and/or candid pictures of celebrities. [paparazzo; accept the plural paparazzi]

8. His stories and sketches of Ukranian life were collected in Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, which included some of the stories later published in Cossack Tales. He destroyed some of his manuscripts out of religious fanaticism after an 1848 pilgrimage to Palestine. Among those he didn’t destroy were The Nose, The Overcoat, and The Inspector General. FTP name this author. [Nikolai Gogol] 9. He distinguished himself as a cavalry officer in the Boer War. As commander of the 1st Army Corps he fought at Mons and Ypres and on the Meuse. He distrusted innovations in warfare, and his strategy of attrition led to friction with Lloyd George. FTP name this Scottish-born general, Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in World War I, who shares his last name with an equally psychotic American general and Secretary of State. [Douglas Haig, 1st Earl of Haig]

10. The concept came from Jed Buell, a former Denver theater manager turned producer. The director was the prolific Sam Newfield. The romantic leads were Yvonne Moray and Billy Curtis; Curtis parlayed this into the role in The Wizard of Oz as the Lord High Mayor of the Munchkin City. FTP name this, the first and (mercifully) last all-midget Western. [The Terror of Tiny Town]

11. Here’s a Newly Dead Game tossup! Clara Rockmore died in May at age 87. She was the first and foremost virtuoso of an instrument invented by her lover, perhaps the only instrument played without actually touching it. It first gained notoriety in the soundtrack for Spellbound and was used in the hits “Good Vibrations,” “Veloria,” and “With or Without You.”. FTP give the last name of Rockmore’s Russian lover and you’ve named the original electronic musical instrument. [theremin]

12. The real one depicted Scottish country life in such admired novels as The Ayrshire Legatees and The Annals of the Parish. The fictional one had a monologue that probably lasted as long any of those novels. In that monologue this research engineer expounds on ethical egoism, or objectivism. FTP name this character and you’ve answered the question that opens Ayn Rand’s novel Atlas Shrugged. [John Galt]

13. It galvanized union support for Truman in the election of 1948. It required union leaders to swear under oath that they weren’t Communists, required unions to register and file financial reports with the Department of Labor, and allowed states to pass right-to-work laws and reguylatre the number of union shops. Its most important provision gave the president the power to impose a “cooling-off” period to stop strieks that threatened national health or safety. FTP name this act, passed over Truman’s veto in 1947. [Taft-Hartley Act; accept Labor-Management Relations Act]

14. A subset of this movement was the Vienna Circle, which included such thinkers as Schlick, Neurath, and Carnap. It was hostile to metaphysics and theology and advocated the principle of verifiability, saying that any statement that could not be proven true of false was meaningless. FTP name this 20th century philosophical school. [logical positivism]

15. His economy and directness heavily influenced Michelangelo and Masaccio, as did his rejection of the flat stylized Byzantine style. His own figures of solidity and weight can be seen in Madonna in Glory, Devils Cast out of Arezzo, and Ognissanti Madonna, as well as Legend of St. Francis in the Upper Church at Assisi and the Life and Passion of Christ in Padua. FTP name this Florentine master of the fresco. [Giotto]

16. Hugh Edwards’ Crack of Doom. G. Wilson Knight’s The Imperial Theme. Aldous Huxley’s Brief Candles. William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury. Philip Barry’s Tomorrow and Tomorrow. And M.C. Munday’s The Ravelled Sleave. FTP these works all take their titles from what Shakespeare tragedy? [MacBeth]

17. A pupil of Laplace and Lagrange, he became professor at the Ecole Polytechnique in 1806. He made contributions in celestial mechanics and electromagnetism, but his real legacy is in probability theory. FTP name the man who established the law governing the distribution of rare and randomly occurring events. [Simeon Poisson] 18. Synthesized by many microorganisms, it contributes structural components to the coenzymes NAD and NADP. Yeast, fortified white bread, and liver are good sources, but the body can also synthesize it from tryptophan. FTP name this vitamin of the B complex, a deficiency of which causes pellagra. [Niacin or nicotinic acid]

19. While they opposed the nomination of George McClellan in 1864, they had enough clout to get one of their ranks, George Pendleton, on the Democratic ticket as his running mate. Pendleton got the nod because their most prominent exponent, Clement Vallandigham, was already exiled by then. Their nickname stemmed from what some wore to emphasize their hard-money preferences; however, their economic issues were generally overshadowed by their criticism of the war effort. FTP name this mostly Midwestern faction which opposed the Civil War. [Copperheads]

20. The younger son Edmund is consumptive, but his father refuses to recognizes that rather obvious detail. The older son is a bitter alcoholic, and his mother Mary stays in a morphine-induced haze. And the father is a vain and miserly semiretired actor named James Tyrone. FTP name this study in dysfunctionality which won a posthumous Pulitzer in drama for Eugene O’Neill. [Long Day’s Journey Into Night]

21. The name’s the same: the term meaning an artificial mechanical manipulator first coined in a Robert Heinlein story of the same name; the surname of the French heretic who founded the Waldenses; the most famous creation of Martin Handford; and the middle name of the author of Self-Reliance. FTP what’s the name? [Waldo] TOSSUPS BY MELON (Blind round) CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Questions by Charlie Steinhice

1. It was included in the 1889 collection The Phantom Rickshaw. Told in flashback by surviving sidekick Peachy Carnahan, it tells how Daniel Dravot sets himself up as god and king in the Central Asian land of Kafristan. FTP name this long short story by Rudyard Kipling, basis of a John Huston film starring Sean Connery and Michael Caine. [The Man Who Would Be King]

2. This religion is divided into 2 major branches: Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada is significant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Sri Lanka, while Mahayana dominates in China, Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. FTP, name this religion founded in northeastern India by the wisdom of Siddhartha Guatama. [Buddhism]

3. Black. Baird’s. Indra. Pipevine. Anise. Spicebush. Palamedes. Zebra. These are all members of the genus Papilio, of which the most familiar variety is probably the Tiger. FTP give the common name for this family of large and often colorful butterflies. [swallowtails]

4. In 1855 the state of New York opened Castle Garden, a depot at the tip of Manhattan Island. Critics complained that it ruined property values and that those who passed through there caused “pestilential odors.” So the U.S. government provided a new site, and in 1892 a new depot was opened which at its peak processed over 5,000 arrivals a day. FTP name this processing facility for immigrants. [Ellis Island]

5. This man died in September 1997 at age 92. The only member of his family to survive Hitler’s concentration camps, he asserted that even under such extreme conditions individuals should take action against life’s challenges rather than despair over its meaning. FTP name the author of the 1946 book Man’s Search for Meaning and the founder of logotherapy. [Viktor Frankl]

6. Blend with cracked ice 3 oz. rum,1/2 oz. apricot brandy, 1 oz. pineapple juice, the juice of 1 lime and 1 orange, and 1 teaspoon powdered sugar. Strain into a tall frosted glass. Finally, top it with 1/2 oz 151 proof rum. FTP name the drink I’ve just described which might have been the beverage of choice in Weekend at Bernie’s 2 or of the musicians who recorded “Time of the Season.” [zombie]

7. While in high school he published a chemistry magazine to support his invalid parents, yet he went to Caltech as a physics student. He started with the patent department of the electronics firm P.R. Mallory Co., where he tired of repetitive hand copying of patent drawings and specifications. Working out of his apartment, he used electrostatics and patented his first device in 1940, but it took presentations to over 20 companies before he found a buyer. FTP name this inventor, who eventually assigned the commercial rights to the Haloid Company, now known as Xerox. [Chester Carlson]

8. He served in the R.A.F. in World War II and returned to the stage in 1946. His breakthrough role was as the malevolent tramp in Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker (1960.) His film roles were mostly villainous, as in Telefon and The Madwoman of Chaillot, but included sympathetic characters in The Hallelujah Trail and The Great Escape. FTP name this bald actor, who became typecast in horror films after his success as the shrink in Halloween. [Donald Pleasence] 9. Imprisoned six times and exiled twice, he cofounded Pravda with Stalin. After Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin’s crimes, he was demoted to ambassador to Mongolia. As Prime Minister from 1940-41 he was responsible for the two Five-Year Plans for expanding commerce and industry. He concurrently held the post of Foreign Minister, where he implemented the non-aggression pact with Hitler. FTP name this Russian politician, whose name lives on every time someone lights a fuse on a bottle filled with gasoline. [Vyacheslav Molotov]

10. One of the coolest facts that Charlie has stumbled across in a long time is that this is the last name of the plaintiff in the 1940 Supreme Court case that ruled that blacks could not be prevented from buying homes in white neighborhoods. It’s also the last name of the author of Les Blancs, The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window. and To Be Young, Gifted, and Black, whose most famous work has a lot in common with that court case. FTP give the last name of the author of A Raisin in the Sun. [Hansberry]

11. He died in a skirmish at Argos after waging war aginst the Carthaginians in Sicily and losing to the Romans at Beneventum. He beat the Romans at Heraclea and Asculum, but at such cost that he reputedly said, “Another such victory and I shall be ruined.” FTP name this King of Epirus, whose name lives on in the term for such costly victories. [Pyrrhus]

12. “There is a catcher that any big league club would like to buy for $200,000,” said Walter Johnson. “He can do everything. He hits the ball a mile. And he catches so easy he might as well be in a rocking chair. Throws like a rifle.” The man Johnson described never made the majors despite a 70-homer season in 1931, but he is believed to have hit the longest home run ever in Yankee Stadium. FTP name this Hall of Famer who may have topped 1,000 career homers with the Crawford Colored Giants and Homestead Grays. [Josh Gibson]

13. His Vespers were probably assembled as a collection to show a potential employer his range and not intended to be performed as a unit. He did land a job as maestro di capelle at St. Mark’s, Venice, and held it for 30 years. Perhaps the best of his extant operas is The Coronation of Poppaea (1642), but his true claim to fame begins with his 1607 opera Orfeo. FTP name this composer, credited with inventing the modern opera. [Claudio Monteverdi]

14. He was no pirate, but he’s the only person listed on biography.com as being born in Penzance. By now his discovery that some chemical compounds can be decomposed into their elements by electricity is less familiar on the quizbowl circuit than the usual lead-ins -- the discovery of the anesthetic effect of nitrous oxide and the invention of the miners’ safety lamp. FTP name the discoverer of barium, strontium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. [Sir Humphrey Davy]

15. The comic poet Antiphanes complained that tragedians had it easier, saying that whenever tragedians run into difficulty they just raise up the crane used to portray characters in flight “like a finger to the audience” (and yes, the Greeks used their middle finger much as we do today.) Borrowing from the Greek for such a crane comes this phrase for the plot device of bringing in a god and salvaging an unbelievable happy ending. FTP give this three-word Latin phrase now used for any artificial device used to resolve a plot. [deus ex machina]

16. One of the founding members of the Royal Society, he achieved early fame as a mathematician and astronomer and was professor of astronomy at Gresham College and at Oxford. He is responsible for Chelsea Hospital and the library of Trinity College at Cambridge, as well as St. Bride, St. Stephen Walbrook, St. Mary- le-Bow, and 50 other London churches. FTP name the man whose rebuilding plans after the Great Fire of 1666 included the new St. Paul’s Cathedral. [Christopher Wren]

17. It was intended to show “the operation of divine grace,” and by its end each major character has shown some sign of acceptance of the faith in spite of themselves. Told from the point of view of family friend Charles Ryder, it centers around the Marchmain family. FTP name this 1945 novel by Evelyn Waugh. [Brideshead Revisited]

18. Benjamin Civiletti. J. Howard Mcgrath. Nicholas Katzenbach. Griffin Bell. Herbert Brownell, Jr. William P. Barr. Francis Biddle. A. Mitchell Palmer. Not to mention those rascals John Mitchell, Harry Daugherty, and Ed Meese. FTP name the Cabinet post held by all these men and one woman -- Janet Reno. [Attorney General]

19. The French version calls the protagonist Helyas and has him in an arranged marriage with Beatrix of Bouillon. In von Eschenbach’s version he is the son of Parsifal and marries Elsa of Brabant. In the most familiar version, though, he marries the lady in distress but leaves her forever when she forgets her pledge never to ask him where he came from. FTP name this story of the legendary knight of the swans. [Lohengrin]

20. Its mass is 0.511 million electron volts. It was proposed in 1931 by Paul Dirac and discovered by accident in 1932 by Carl Anderson. FTP name this particle, the first antiparticle to be discovered. [positron]

21. It’s so deadly in pure form that it can be used for sterilizing. Unlike the more common isotope of the same element, it has a distinct odor which can be smelled near powerful electric sparks or ultraviolet lights. Ironically, human activity has created too much of it in the ground-level atmosphere while reducing it in the upper atmosphere, where it helps absorb ultraviolet radiation. FTP name this isotope of oxygen. [ozone]

22. Although written continuously, it is typically discussed as consisting of a preamble with 63 clauses. Ross Perot owns a copy of it and allows it to be displayed at the National Archives. Among other things, it stated that no freeman in England could be deprived of liberty or property except through a trial or other legal process. FTP identify this document signed at Runnymede in 1215. Magna Charta

23. Known to wear $100 bills in his handkerchief pocket, he used a rubber stamp to sign autographs. Known as the “dean of the green” and “bank-shot bandit,” his real name was Rudolf Walderone, but he is best known by the nickname of the character—based on him—portrayed by Jackie Gleason in The Hustler. FTP, name this man who frequently played Willie Mosconi, once called “New York Fats.” Minnesota Fats BONI BY MELON (Blind round) CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Questions by Charlie Steinhice

1. Given the lakes, name the state, 5 pts. each: (a) Caddo, Pontchartrain, Catahoula [Louisiana] (b) Leech, Mille Lacs, Winnibigoshish, Itasca [Minnesota] (c) Mattamuskeet, High Rock, Waccamaw [North Carolina] (d) Cayuga, Oneida, Seneca [New York] (e) Ossipee, Sunapee, Winnepesaukee [New Hampshire] (f) Devils, Oahe, Sakakawea [North Dakota]

2. An item in Swing magazine’s May 1998 issue claimed to give the “where-are-they-now” details on some former Saturday morning cartoon characters. Given excerpts from their alleged fates, name the show FTPE: (a) Valerie, riddled by feelings of inadequacy that all she did in the band was play tambourine, turned to a life of hard drugs and cheap sex. [Josie and the Pussycats] (b) Form of -- Ice Alcoholic! Form of -- Giant Sloth! [The All-New Super Friends Hour; accept Super Friends] (c) Rainbow-colored glue [My Little Pony]

3. For once it is rocket science. Name these rocketry pioneers for the stated numer of points: (a) 5 pts.: In 1915 he proved that rocket engines could produce thrust in a vacuum and thus make space flight possible. While he was more interested in liquid-fuel rockets, one of his solid-fuel versions was the prototype of the bazooka. [Robert H. Goddard] (b) 10 pts.: Unaware of Maxwell’s work, this Russian independently developed the kinetic theory of gases. Self-educated, he published his first article on the use of rockets for space exploration in 1903, and from 1911 to 1929 he developed the basic theory of rocketryand multi-stage rocket technology. [Konstantin Tsiolkovsky] (c) 15 pts.: Ths Hungarian-born astrophysicist stayed in Germany after his education there and became president of the German Society for Space Travel in 1928. Called ‘the father of German rocketry,” he worked on Hilter’s rocket program at Peenemunde and then joined his protege Von Braun in the U.S. from 1955 to 1961. [Hermann Oberth]

4. Name this woman, 30-20-10-5: (a) Her name is also the name of a thin, awkward nursing student at Bellevue in the Tom Robbins novel Skinny Legs and All, who works weekends as a bell dancer at Isaac & Ishmael’s. (b) This stepdaughter of a Roman puppet ruler was the focal character in a short story by Flaubert, a play by Wilde, and an opera by Richard Strauss. (c) Her mother was Herodias and her stepfather, who was also her uncle, was Herod Antipas. Matthew 14 relates her dancing expertise. (d) She was rewarded for the aforementioned dancing with John the Baptist’s head on a platter. Salome

5. So I was working on this 19th century French artists bonus when I realized that I could the same title as the ten-point clue for three different artists. So here’s your chance: each of the three artists you can guess now is worth 10 pts.; if you need other titles, it’ll be 5 pts. each. The 10 pts. clue is “Bathers” or “The Bathers.” [pause and accept up to three guesses here; use the below only as needed] Your 5 point clues: Card Players, House of the Hanged Man [Paul Cezanne] Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Bathing at Asnieres [Georges Seurat] Le Moulin de la Galette, Luncheon of the Boating Party [Auguste Renoir]

6. Given the protagonist, name the Dostoevsky work for the stated number of points: (a) 5 pts.: Raskolnikov [Crime and Punishment, or Prestupleniye I Nakazaniye] (b) 10 pts.: Stavrogin [The Possessed, or Besy] (c) 15 pts.: Golyadkin [The Double, or Dvonyik]

7. THE NEWLY DEAD GAME: Perhaps it’s because they usually attain fame at an early age, but the sports world tends to produce a higher percentage of “My God, they were still alive?”’s than most Newly Dead Game categories. This year we have two of ‘em plus someone else I threw in just because I liked his work. FTPE name: (a) Died in Oct.97 at age 82; the only pitcher ever to throw back-to-back no-hitters, which he did with the Reds in the second year of a successful but anticlimactic 13-season career. [Johnny Vander Meer] (b) Died on New Year’s Day 1998 at age 92; nicknamed “Little Miss Poker Face,” she won 31 grand slam titles and from 1927 to1933 won an amazing 180 consecutive singles matches. [Helen Wills Moody; accept Wills or Rourke] (c) Died in Feb. 1998 at age 77; he fled Cuba in 1960 when Castro took exception to his satirical editorial cartoons. Not understanding American politics well enough for a newspaper job, instead he found his niche with the Mad feature “Spy vs. Spy”. [Antonio Prohias]

8. TRAVELS WITH CHARLIE: Eight years after writing the first “Travels with Charlie” bonus, this summer I finally got around the reading the source of the idea, John Steinbeck’s Travels with Charley. As delightful as it is, it’s useless for this bonus, since the only other recurring character besides Steinbeck himself is the titular dog. Given other Steinbeck characters, name the work FTPE: (a) Adam, Cal, and Aron Trask East of Eden (b) Danny, Pablo, Big Joe Portagee, and Jesus Maria Corcoran Tortilla Flat (c) Jody Tiflin, Billy Buck, Gabilan The Red Pony

9. While the lanthanides are both rare and obscure, a few of them have curious uses. NAme the rare earth from a description FTPE: (a) This element, atomic number 58, is used in flints for gas lighters. cerium (b) The oxide of this element, atomic number 60, is the only chemical that makes a bright purple glass. neodymium (c) This element, atomic number 69, emits gamma rays that can be used in portable X-ray machines for doctors or archaeologists in the field.. thulium

10. Given an event in world history, name the dynasty in power in China at the time F5PE: (a) The Great Fire of London Ch’ing (AD 1666) (b) The Black Death sweeps across Europe Yuan (Ad 1347-48) (c) Mecca surrenders to Muhammad T’ang (AD 630) (d) The Norman Conquest Sung (AD 1066) (e) The Greeks defeat the Persians at Salamis Chou (480 BC) (f) Jesus is crucified Han (ca. AD 30)

11. While (as mentioned in an earlier round) only Virgil Thomson has won a Pulitzer in Music for a film score, other renowned composers have also written scores. FTPE name the composer of the following scores: (a) The Heiress and The Red Pony [Aaron Copland] (b) On the Waterfront [Leonard Bernstein] (c) Alexander Nevsky [Sergei Prokofiev] 12. Fob James has reminded us lately how Alabama politics is, well, different. For 10 pts. each, answer the following about the Newly Dead Game’s own George C. Wallace: (a) His most famous promise in his 1963 inaugural address was written by advisor Asa “Ace” Carter, who later reinvented himself as Forrest Carter, the author of the bogus “autobiography” The Education of Little Tree. FTP give the last two words of Wallace’s rabble-rousing catchphrase. [“Segregation forever!”] (b) In the 1968 Presidential race he carried several Southern states and drew 5 million votes outside the South as the nominee of this 3rd party, which nominated John Schmitz in 1972. [American Independent Party] (c) While running for the 1972 Democratic nomination, Wallace was shot and paralyzed by this classic loner in Laurel, Maryland. [Arthur Bremer]

13. In the first book of Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings there are nine title characters. Name the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring, 5 pts. for 2 correct, 10 pts. for 4, 15 pts. for 6, and 5 additional points for each of the remaining three. [Gandalf (the Grey), Frodo (Baggins), Sam (Samwise Gamgee), Pippin (Peregrine Took), Merry (Meriadoc Brandybuck), Aragorn (Strider), Boromir, Legolas, and Gimli (son of Gloin).]

14. How well do you remember the standard notation for your basic physics formulas? FTPE given a physical quantity, give the formula as most commonly abbreviated. For example, if I said “work,” you’d say “w = Fd”. (a) Kinetic energy [KE = 1/2 mv squared] (b) Momentum [p = mv] (c) Acceleration [a = v sub f minus v sub 0 over t]

15. Name the originator of these famous philosophical quotes: (a) 5 pts.: “Liberty consists in doing what one desires.” [John Stuart Mill] (b) 10 pts.: “The life which is unexamined is not worth living.” [Plato] (c) 15 pts.: “No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience.” [John Locke]

16. Bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungus, or rickettsia -- F5PE which causes: (a) Blastomycosis and histoplasmosis [fungus] (b) Toxoplasmosis and malaria [protozoa] (c) Botulism and syphilis [bacteria] (d) Yellow fever and poliomyelitis [virus] (e) Encephalitis and hepatitis [virus] (f) Spotted fever and typhus [rickettsia]

17. For 5 pts. each name the royal house of England from monarchs: (a) Henry IV through VI Lancaster (b) Henry II and III Plantagenet (c) George I through IV Hanover (d) George V and VI Windsor; do not accept Saxe-Coburg (e) Edward IV and V York (f) Edward VII Saxe-Coburg or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

18. FTPE name the newspaper magnates who did the following: (a) Founded the New York Tribune in 1841 [Horace Greeley] (b) Bought the New York World in 1883 with money he’d made from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch [Joseph Pulitzer] (c) Bought the New York Times in 1896 with money he’d made from the Chattanooga Times [Adolph Ochs] 19. Identify the following government terms for 10 points each. a. The Constitution and the Fourteenth Amendment provide that representatives shall be chosen among the states according to their respective numbers, through what process of allocation? ANSWER: apportionment b. This term refers to killing a bill in committee by putting it aside and not reporting it out for consideration by the chamber, effectively filing it away and forgetting about it. ANSWER: pigeonhole c. This is a parliamentary device used in the United States Congress by which a minority of senators seeks to frustrate the will of the majority by literally “talking a bill to death.” ANSWER: filibustering

20. Name the authors of these picaresque novels FTPE: (a) Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillaine Rene Lesage (b) The Unfortunate Traveler, or the Life of Jacke Wilton Thomas Nashe (c) Guzman de Alfarache Mateo Alman

21. Name the guy, 30-20-10: (a) If you go to Amoco stores in southeastern Michigan, you can purchase the product of his latest endeavor, a line of beef jerky called Gonzo Meat Biltong, which is naturally aimed at hunters. (b) Trying to downplay the wildness of his youth in his newfound role as a conservative activist and talk show host, he now claims he had no idea that his first band’s biggest hit, “Journey to the Center of Your Mind” by the Amboy Dukes, was about drugs. (c) After some solo successes such as “Cat Scratch Fever,” he resurfaced with Damn Yankees shortly before being elected to the executive board of the National Rifle Association. [Ted Nugent] BONI - EMERGENCY BLIND ROUND CENTER OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE OPEN 1998 Questions by Charlie Steinhice

1. Let the dissing of Andy Lipscomb begin! Charlie and his tag-team partner Harold Klagstad won READ Chattanooga’s 1998 Great Grown-Up Spelling Bee, while the team from Decosimo & Co. anchored by former Vandy quizbowler Lipscomb finished 3rd. The following are definitions of two words Andy got right and one he missed. Given the definition, give the word for 5 pts. each and spell it correctly for another 5 pts. (a) The technical term for a nosebleed [rhinorrhagia] (b) The 3rd stage of development of an insect, especially a moth or butterfly, encased in a cocoon. [chrysalis] (c) A rhetorical figure in which a word is used to modify or govern two or more words although its use is grammatically or logically consistent with only one, e.g. “She left in high spirits and a Cadillac.” [zeugma]

2. I once had a bonus, or should I say it once had me. FTPE answer the following about Norwegian history: (a) Under this 1397 arrangement the three Scandinavian kingdoms were merged under Danish control, and Norway ceased to be a nation-state for several centuries. [the Kalmar Union] (b) After the Napoleonic Wars Norway was acknowledged as an independent nation in perpetual union with the Swedish crown. In 1905 this body, the Norwegian parliament, voided the union and installed Prince Charles of Denmark as King Haakon VII. [the Storting] (c) During the Nazi occupation in World War II, while Haakon VII headed a government in exile, power was held briefly by this Nazi collaborator so weaselly that even Nazis didn’t trust him. [Vidkun Quisling]

3. Y’know, whoever defined SI units had to be truly anal. Name the following SI units from excerpts from their definition for 10 pts. each; if you need what it is they’re measuring in common English, you’ll get 5 pts. @ (1a) ...if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross section, and placed 1 meter apart in a vacuum, wouldproduce between these conductors a force equal to 2 times 10 to the negative 7th newton per meter of length. (1b) constant current [ampere] (2a) ...linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an electromotive force of 1 volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second. (2b) magnetic flux [weber] (3a) ...of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 times 10 to the 12th hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. (3b) luminous intensity [candela]

4. 30-20-10-5, name this man: (a) After the death of Alexander the Great, he was recalled from exile to lead a fruitless effort to free Athens from Macedonian rule. (b) He learned law while prosecuting the guardians who had absconded with the fortune bequeathed to him by his father, a cutler. (c) The fact that his family made swords helps explain the staunch advocacy of war in his greatest orations, the Olynthiacs and the Philippics. (d) According to legend he overcame a speech defect by practicing speaking with pebbles in his mouth -- the rocks, not the breakfast cereal.

5. FTPE identify these Jack London works NOT about dogs: (a) This was his 1911 account of his adventures sailing a ketch to the South Pacific. [The Cruise of the Snark] (b) This 1904 novel told from the point of view of intellectual castaway Humphrey van Weyden focuses on the Nietzschean superman Wolf Larsen. [The Sea Wolf] (c) This 1907 fantasy of the future gave a chilling anticipation of the rise of fascism. [The Iron Heel] 6. Given these memorable lyrics from inexplicably successful novelty songs, name the song for 10 pts. each. If you need the artist you’ll only get 5 pts. each. Oh, and watch for the obligatory Chattanooga connection... (1a) “Well, we shot the line, we went for broke/With a thousand screamin’ trucks/And eleven long-haired friends of Jesus/In a chartreuse microbus.” (1b) C.W. McCall [Convoy] (2a) “I’m gonna fake it to the left/And move to the right/’Cause Pokey’s too slow/And Blinky’s out of sight.” (2b) Buckner and Garcia [Pac-Man Fever] (3a) “Pull out some Fritos corn chips/Dr. Pepper and an old Moon Pie...” (3b) Larry Groce [Junk Food Junkie] READER’S NOTE: By know you ought to know where Moon Pies are made...

7. THE NEWLY DEAD GAME: Name the freshly dead Nobel laureate in literature from works on a 15- 10 basis or from the year awarded and native country for 5 pts.: (1a) 1st poetry collection Sylvan Moon (1b) The prose work Labyrinth of Solitude and the epic poem Sunstone (1c) 1990, Mexico [Octavio Paz] (2a) 1st novel The Great Weaver of Kashmir (2b) The novels Salka Valka and Independent People (2c) 1955, Iceland [Halldor Laxness]

8. Well, it’s all right now, in fact it’s a gas. For the stated number of points, given the discover and date, name the gas: (a) 5 pts.: Karl Wilhelm Scheele discovered it in 1872, but Joesph Priestley published first, in 1874, and thus generally gets the credit. [oxygen] (b) 5 pts.: Henry Cavendish, 1766 [hydrogen] (c) 10 pts.: Ferdinand-Frederic-Henri Moissan, 1886 [fluorine] (d) 10 pts.: Joseph Black, 1755 [carbon dioxide]

9. For the stated number of points, name the author of these works, among the few science fiction works Charlie has actually read: (a) 5 pts.: The novels Glory Road and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress [Robert A. Heinlein] (b) 10 pts.: The novel A Canticle for Leibowitz [Walter F. Miller] (c) 5 pts.: The story collection Callahan’s Crosstime Saloon [Spider Robinson] (d) 10 pts.: The story collection Caviar [Theodore Sturgeon]

10. TRAVELS WITH CHARLIE: Usually the Travels with Charlie questions aren’t really about geography, but hey, sometimes inspiration is hard to come by. All these 2-digit Interstate or U.S. highways pass through Chattanooga. F5PE, given two other major cities along the highway, name that highway (and do specify whether it’s U.S. or Interstate.) (a) Detroit and Tampa [I-75] (d) Tallahassee & Fort Wayne [U.S. 27] (b) Raleigh and Taos [U.S. 64] (e) Green Bay and Miami [U.S. 41] (c) Nashville and Paducah [I-24] (f) New Orleans and Syracuse [U.S. 11] 11. You may have noticed that the National Basketball Hall of Fame had its 1998 induction yesterday. While Larry Bird is too obvious and Arnie Risen, Alex Hannum, and Aleksandar Nikolic are too obscure, I think we can scrape up 30 pts. out of this. Answer the following for the stated number of points: (a) 5 pts.: Already in the Hall as a player, he becomes only the second individual named a second time as a coach. While he’s won only one NBA chamionship (in 1979 with the SuperSonics), he’s amassed a record 1,120 wins with four teams. [Lenny Wilkens] (b) 10 pts.: Regarded as the world’s greatest ballhandler during a 40-year career with the Harlem Globetrotters and the Harlem Magicians, this trick-dribbling specialist was listed in news releases as the first Globetrotter named to the Hall of Fame, apparently by reporters unaware of Wilt Chamberlain’s one season as a Globetrotter. [Marques Haynes] (c) 15 pts.: A three-time National Coach of the Year, she led Texas to an undefeated season and the 1986 NCAA Championship. Her 709 wins are the most for any coach in women’s college basketball. [Jody Conradt]

12. There are four orders of mammals with only one family each. Given the family and the common description, name the order FTPE. They’re tough enough that I’ll give you four chances, but your maximum score is 30 pts. (a) Family Elephantidae, elephants [Proboscidea] (b) Family Orycteropodidae, aardvarks [Tubulidentata] (c) Family Manidae, pangolins [Pholidata] (d) Family Cynocephalidae, colugos or flying lemurs [Dermoptera]

13. While providing grist for Scott Adams, they’ve gotten filthy rich by stating & restating the obvious in progressively more clever ways and then giving seminars to say it all again. FTPE name the management guru from works: (a) First Things First and The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People [Stephen R. Covey] (b) Practice of Management, Managing for Results, and Managing in Turbulent Times [Peter Drucker] (c) Effective Negotiating and Give and Take [Chester Karrass]

14. Kalevala, come before us. Kalevala, stand before us. Yeah, I know I’ve asked a Kalevala question at virtually every tournament since I first saw The Day the Earth Froze. So by now you should be able to name, FTP each: (a) The powerful seer with supernatural origins who is a master of the harplike kantele. [Vainamoinen] (b) The skilled smith who helped forge the lids of heaven as well as the great sampo [Ilmarinen] (c) The carefree adventure-warrior and chick magnet who failed to bring back the sampo [Lemminkainen]

15. If I asked you who composed Norwegian Dances, you’d of course guess Edvard Grieg. Maybe these won’t be so transparent. For the stated number of points name the composers of: (a) 5 pts.: Hungarian Rhapsodies [Franz Liszt] (b) 10 pts.: Rumanian Rhapsodies [Georges Enesco or Enescu] (c) 5 pts.: Slavonic Dances [Antonin Dvorak] (d) 10 pts.: Polovetzsian Dances [Alexander Borodin]

16. For each of the following planets, name the largest moon F5PE: (a) Jupiter [Ganymede] (d) Mars [Phobos] (b) Saturn [Titan] (e) Pluto [Charon] (c) Neptune [Triton] (f) Uranus [Titania] 17. They were neither French nor Indian, but FTPE name these commanders from the French & Indian War: (a) He headed a 1,400-member British expedition to drive the French out of disputed territory in what is now western Pennsylvania. In 1755 he was killed in an ambush south of Fort Duquesne; the remnants of his force were led back to Virginia by a young colonial officer named George Washington. [Edward Braddock] (b) One of the two British commanders who recaptured Fort Louisbourg in 1758, he was mortally wounded during his greatest victory, the taking of Montreal in 1760. [James Wolfe] (c) The other British commander at Fort Louisbourg, he finished out the war as the top British officer. A Massachusetts town and college bear his name. [Jeffrey Amherst]

18. Given a brief description, give the name for these arguments for the existence of God FTPE: (a) Things in the world move toward goals,and thus there must be an intelligent designer directing all things to their goals. [the teleological argument] (b) God is that being than which nothing greater can be achieved. If He exists only in the mind, there must be a greater being that exists in both imagination and reality; to imagine God as existing only in the mind then becomes a logical contradiction. [the ontological argument] (c) All physical things come into being and go out of existence, but if there were a time when nothing existed, then nothing else would have been caused to exist. Therefore, there must have been at least one necessay thing that is eternal, and that is God. [the cosmological argument]

19. Name the German artists from works for the stated number of points: (a) 5 pts.:Knight Death & the Devil, St. Jerome in his Study, Four Apostles [Albrecht Durer] (b) 10 pts.: The War, Death, Peasants' War (all series) [Kathe Kollwitz] (c) 15 pts.: Isenheim Altarpiece, Mocking of Christ [Mathias Grunewald]

20. For the stated number of points, name these Supreme Court decisions dealing with transportation: (a) 5 pts.: In this 1834 decision involving rival ferry lines, the Court ruled that states could not restrain interstate commerce. [Gibbons v. Ogden] (b) 10 pts.: This 1896 decision denying the complaint of a mixed-race passenger on a Louisiana train set into place the doctrine of “separate but equal.” [Plessy v. Ferguson] (c) In this 1876 decision the Court ruled that warehouses and grain elevators engaged in strictly local transactions and thus were subject to state control; it nonetheless triggered a wave of cases involving state regulatory laws. [Munn v. Illinois]

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