CHAPTER 2: ROAD to INDEPENDENCE Section 1: Founding the American Colonies Section 2: Life

CHAPTER 2: ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE Section 1: Founding the American Colonies Section 2: Life in Colonial America

I. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS

a. SPANISH-- Catholic Missions Santa Fe, NM-Protect Territory

b. FRENCH --Fur Trade Quebec, Canada—Trading Post Mississippi River & Louisiana

c. DUTCH—New Amsterdam-NYC Trading Colony/Ports

II. VIRGINIA COLONY

a. VA Joint Stock Company gets charter—goal is profit

b. Jamestown-first permanent English settlement in North America—1607

c. Starvation/Clashes with Indians/No Gold John Smith-- leader àforced settlers to farm John Rolfe -->Tobacco=Cash Crop

d. Virginia Government

Land-Owning colonists got the right to elect Burgesses--Representatives vote on laws

1st Legislature

III. PILGRIMS

a. Group given land in VA colony—to come and worship freely

b. Mayflower lands at Plymouth in New England (MA)

c. Mayflower Compact—Set up Civil Government

IV. Massachusetts

a. Founded by Puritans—Capital Boston

b. Adult male owns property & church member could vote c. Barred other faiths

V. Connecticut

a. 1st written Constitution--1639

VI. Rhode Island

a. Puritan Minister--Roger Williams founder—1644

b. Policies of Religious toleration

c. Safe place for dissenters

VII. New York

a. England takes over from Dutch in 1664—Desire for Wealth

b. Given to Duke of York

c. Commercial Port

VIII. Pennsylvania

a. William Penn—1680

b. Quakers fleeing persecution

c. Holy Experiment of Toleration & Equality

IX. Maryland

a. Catholic—Lord Baltimore

b. Act of Toleration—right of Catholics & Protestants to worship freely

X. Carolinas a. King Charles gave colony to court members

b. Colonists push for greater role in gov’t

c. Splits Carolina in 1729

XI. Georgia

a. Last Colony founded—1733

b. Place for English Debtors to make a fresh start

c. Military buffer from Spain

SECTION 2—Life in Colonial America

I. COLONIAL SECTIONS

a. NEW ENGLAND—NH, MA, CT, RI Fishing, Ships, Timber, Boston=Business

b. MIDDLE—NY, PA, NJ, DE Farming

c. NYC/PHILLY (Ports)àDiversity SOUTH—MD, VA, SC, NC, GA Small Farmers/Plantations

I. FARMING IN THE COLONIES

a. New England—Subsistence Farming

b. Middle Colonies—Cash Crops—Wheat

c. South—Plantations—tobacco Indentured Servantsà Slavery Majority were small farmers

II. Great Awakening

a. Religious Revival in the 1730s & 1740s

b. New England & Middle Colonies c. Effect was greater Religious & Political Freedom; Belief in Equality

III. EDUCATION & THE PRESS

a. Education valued—First Colleges (Ivy League)

b. Closely related to religion

c. Press—Right & Responsibility to print the truth

IV. Government in Colonies

a. Colonies changed into Royal Colonies

b. Direct British (largest trade empire) Control

c. Mercantilism Trade Laws (only buy British goods & export through Britain)

d. Colonists Resistance (Smuggling)