<p> CHAPTER 2: ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE Section 1: Founding the American Colonies Section 2: Life in Colonial America</p><p>I. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS </p><p> a. SPANISH-- Catholic Missions Santa Fe, NM-Protect Territory </p><p> b. FRENCH --Fur Trade Quebec, Canada—Trading Post Mississippi River & Louisiana </p><p> c. DUTCH—New Amsterdam-NYC Trading Colony/Ports </p><p>II. VIRGINIA COLONY </p><p> a. VA Joint Stock Company gets charter—goal is profit</p><p> b. Jamestown-first permanent English settlement in North America—1607 </p><p> c. Starvation/Clashes with Indians/No Gold John Smith-- leader àforced settlers to farm John Rolfe -->Tobacco=Cash Crop</p><p> d. Virginia Government </p><p>Land-Owning colonists got the right to elect Burgesses--Representatives vote on laws</p><p>1st Legislature </p><p>III. PILGRIMS </p><p> a. Group given land in VA colony—to come and worship freely</p><p> b. Mayflower lands at Plymouth in New England (MA)</p><p> c. Mayflower Compact—Set up Civil Government </p><p>IV. Massachusetts </p><p> a. Founded by Puritans—Capital Boston</p><p> b. Adult male owns property & church member could vote c. Barred other faiths </p><p>V. Connecticut </p><p> a. 1st written Constitution--1639 </p><p>VI. Rhode Island </p><p> a. Puritan Minister--Roger Williams founder—1644</p><p> b. Policies of Religious toleration</p><p> c. Safe place for dissenters </p><p>VII. New York </p><p> a. England takes over from Dutch in 1664—Desire for Wealth</p><p> b. Given to Duke of York</p><p> c. Commercial Port</p><p>VIII. Pennsylvania </p><p> a. William Penn—1680</p><p> b. Quakers fleeing persecution</p><p> c. Holy Experiment of Toleration & Equality </p><p>IX. Maryland </p><p> a. Catholic—Lord Baltimore</p><p> b. Act of Toleration—right of Catholics & Protestants to worship freely </p><p>X. Carolinas a. King Charles gave colony to court members</p><p> b. Colonists push for greater role in gov’t </p><p> c. Splits Carolina in 1729</p><p>XI. Georgia </p><p> a. Last Colony founded—1733</p><p> b. Place for English Debtors to make a fresh start</p><p> c. Military buffer from Spain</p><p>SECTION 2—Life in Colonial America </p><p>I. COLONIAL SECTIONS </p><p> a. NEW ENGLAND—NH, MA, CT, RI Fishing, Ships, Timber, Boston=Business</p><p> b. MIDDLE—NY, PA, NJ, DE Farming</p><p> c. NYC/PHILLY (Ports)àDiversity SOUTH—MD, VA, SC, NC, GA Small Farmers/Plantations</p><p>I. FARMING IN THE COLONIES</p><p> a. New England—Subsistence Farming</p><p> b. Middle Colonies—Cash Crops—Wheat</p><p> c. South—Plantations—tobacco Indentured Servantsà Slavery Majority were small farmers </p><p>II. Great Awakening </p><p> a. Religious Revival in the 1730s & 1740s</p><p> b. New England & Middle Colonies c. Effect was greater Religious & Political Freedom; Belief in Equality</p><p>III. EDUCATION & THE PRESS </p><p> a. Education valued—First Colleges (Ivy League)</p><p> b. Closely related to religion </p><p> c. Press—Right & Responsibility to print the truth</p><p>IV. Government in Colonies </p><p> a. Colonies changed into Royal Colonies</p><p> b. Direct British (largest trade empire) Control</p><p> c. Mercantilism Trade Laws (only buy British goods & export through Britain)</p><p> d. Colonists Resistance (Smuggling) </p>