Ancient Dynasties of China

ANCIENT DYNASTIES OF CHINA

Geography and First Dynasty • Two major rivers – Chang Jiang – also called the ______– Huang-He – also called the ______River or the River of ______Shang Dynasty 1766 – 1122 BC • Farming society ruled by an ______whose major concern was ______– Aristocracy = an upper class whose wealth is based on ______ownership Zhou Dynasty 1100 – 256 BC • ______dynasty in Chinese history • The king was the head of the gov’t and was seen as a link between ______and ______• The Zhou dynasty claimed it ruled China because it possessed the ______of ______– Gods gave “______” to rule China • Set up a “right of ______” which led to ______cycles • Development of two Chinese philosophies = ______and ______Qin Dynasty 221 – 206 BC • First to create a ______Chinese empire • Shi Huangdi adopted ______as the official ideology to build a strong centralized gov’t – Anyone who opposed the policies of the new regime were imprisoned, ______, or killed • A nomadic people in the Gobi desert called the ______threatened China – To deal with the ______and to keep them out of China, Shi Huangdi had workers join the separate defensive ______in northern China – This united wall became the ______of China Han Dynasty 206 BC – 220 AD • Model for later Chinese dynasties, the main population of China still calls itself the ______people • Exchanged Legalism for ______and appointed numerous Confucian scholars • To create a regular system for new officials, the ______exam was introduced • These officials gained gov’t jobs based on ______, how well they did on the test • A ______was established to train candidates for the exam • Students were expected to learn the teachings of ______• Silk Road – Road that linked China to ______, was 4,000 miles long – Traded in ______goods such as silk, spices, teas, and ivory – Dangerous due to geography and ______• Women = “raising daughters is like raising children for another ______”

1 THREE CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES Confucianism • Based on the teachings of ______(Kongfuzi) • Main book is the ______, which contains Confucius’ thoughts • Concerned about human ______– People should treat one another with love and ______– Confucius believed that the disappearance of this love and respect was ______for the ______in society • Focuses on ______society – Restoring a respect for ______would make society stable once again • Proper behavior is to follow the ______(the way) – Two elements to the Dao – ______and ______– Everyone must work ______to fulfill their ______• Needs of the family and community come before ______needs • Belief in ______= obedience and devotion to parents, especially the male head of the family • Honor one’s ______• A ruler must set a good ______and lead by ______• A ruler should be ______by qualified, well-informed people – Select advisors based on ______rather than ______• Spread to ______Legalism • Founded by Hanfeizi and Li Si, two advisors to Emperor Shi Huangdi of the ______dynasty • Believed that human beings are ______by nature • Reject Confucius’ idea of leading by ______• Instead need harsh ______and ______to make sure people stay on the correct path – A ruler does not need to be compassionate or show ______– People must be kept in line by ______of punishment • A ______and efficient gov’t was key to maintaining order and control over an empire • Rulers should be ______and govern through ______– Strong ruler = ______society