Ch. 15, Sec. 2 Spanish* and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

Name ______Date ______Class ______

Ch. 15, Sec. 2 “Spanish* and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas” NOTE: Spanish refers to people from Spain.

Read pp. 477-481 and answer the questions below. Answers may be written in note form. Your notes should be in your own words and use abbreviations.

 in addition to Spain’s conquistadors, Spanish ______& ______went to Spain’s new empire in the Americas  use the glossary to define colony-

 colonies estab. in Americas, land claimed for Spain & the Catholic Church  if resistance from Native Amer., Spanish used force to take land  new culture blended Eur., Native Amer., & African traditions

Ruling the Spanish Empire Governing the Provinces 1. How did Spain maintain control over its empire in the Americas? 

Spreading Christianity 2. To the Spanish, what goal was as important as gaining land in the Americas?

3. What was the Catholic Church’s role in Spain’s colonies in the Americas? 

 Controlling Trade 4. a) How did Spain control the economic activities of its colonies?

b) Sugar cane was refined into ______. This made a lot of money for Spain.

Grown on plantations (large estates), needed ______to be profitable.

Encomienda- A System of Forced Labor 5. a) Use the glossary to define encomienda-

b) Use the glossary to define plantation-

c) (we’ll fill this in in class) connection between encomienda & plantation-

6. How was the economic system harsh for Native Americans? 

A Spanish Priest Speaks Out 7. a) Priest Bartolome de las Casas thought the encomienda system was too harsh for Native Americans. He wrote reports to Spain about the system. b) Because of his reports about it to Spain, Spain passed the New Laws of the Indies in 1542.

 What did the laws forbid?  Why were the laws unsuccessful?

 How were the lives of Native Americans still harsh? Write at least 2 facts.

Bringing Workers from Africa 8. a) Why did las Casas urge colonists to import slaves from Africa?

b) Why did las Casas think they’d be good workers in the Americas?

c) When were Africans first brought to the Americas to work as slaves? ______d) millions of Africans imported as demand for sugar products went up

Colonial Society and Culture Cultural Blending 9. Give examples of ways in which the Spanish, Native Americans, and Africans contributed to one another’s cultures.  Spanish settlers learned from Native Americans-

 Native Americans learned from Spanish settlers (Europeans)-

 contributions from Africans- A Layered Society Social Structure of Spanish colonies in the Americas (from top to bottom)

peninsulares people born in Spain had the highest positions in colonial governments & the Catholic Church

creoles American-born descendents of Spanish settlers owned most plantations, ranches, mines

mestizos people of Native American & European descent

mulattoes people of African & European descent

Native Americans, Africans

10. Look at the social structure above. How did the social structure of the Spanish colonies connect to a person’s race?

The Portuguese Colony in Brazil

 part of South America wasn’t part of the Spanish empire  w/ Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), Portugal claimed ______

Settling in Brazil  like most Native Amer. in Spanish empire, Brazil’s Native Amer. population wiped out by ______ 1530s, Portugal gave pieces of land to Portuguese nobles; nobles would develop land & share profits w/ Portugal  unlike Spain, no ______, Brazil’s settlers made $$$ by ______ How was the Portuguese treatment of Indians & Africans similar to how the Spanish treated the Indians & Africans? ______ up to 4 million Africans sent to Brazil Challenging Portugal and Spain 11. How did Spain become the most powerful country in Europe in the 1500’s?

12. How did other European nations challenge Spanish power in the Americas? 

Avast! Don’t be a bilge rat and do your homework maties. Ms. Morgan will be addled and put you in Davy Jones’ locker if you don’t!