YORKSHIRE ENGLISH
'Ear all, see all, say nowt; Eyt all, sup all, pay nowt; And if ivver tha does owt fer nowt - Allus do it fer thissen.
'Hear all, see all, say nothing; Eat all, drink all, pay nothing; And if ever you do anything for nothing - always do it for yourself.
Introduction
Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the U.K
• The most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background
Big writers and poets from Yorkshire of 19 th century
Marvell Andrew
The Bronte sisters
Anne Bronte -Charlotte Bronte -Emily Bronte
The tenant of Widfeel Hall -Jane Eye- Wuthering Heights
Phonology Prononciation
1.short instead of an
2.short find, blind -finnd, blinnd In some areas of the North long is preserved home and stone -hee-am and stee-an. spoon, fool- spee-oon, fee-ool, 3.-ing -in‘ walkin',talkin', 4.dropping of word-initial
Diphthongs
[uː]
book, cook, and look.
Where and there [iə].
head as[iəd], leaves as [liəvz]
[eɪ] may take the place of /iː/
key, meat, speak Words such as door, floor, four [uə, oə, ɔə, ʊə].
Words with a velar fricative may have [oʊ~ɔʊ] for /ɔː/
brought, fought, thought
Some words that end -ight can still be heard in their dialectal forms.
night as [niːt] and right as [riːt] or, in some areas,[reɪt]
aa
naame -nay-em for name
ooa
floor, door and afore become flooar, dooar and afooar
Ow
brought, anything and nothing-browt, owt and nowt[naʊt]
Oi used in such WR
coat, throat andhole- coit, throit and 'oil
Eea
again, death and street -ageean,deeath and streeat)
Consonants
consonants in Yorkshire dialect are pronounced more emphatically than in Standard English.
Bradford -Bratford, with [t]
final [ŋ] sound hearing and eating are often reduced to [n].
Omission of final stops /d, t/ and fricatives /f, θ, ð/
with can be reduced to wi
Morphology
Definite article reduction.
the -t‘
When making a comparison –’than’ into ‘nor’
better than him-better nor him
Nouns describing units of value have no plural marker
ten pounds -ten pound
‘us’ - ’me’ or ’our’
‘were’-instead of ‘was’
‘While’-in the same meaning as-’until’
double negation:
I was never scared of nobody.
relative clause may be ’what’ rather than ’that’
Other people what I've heard.
Lexicon
Standard English North Riding East R. West R.
Sweets goodies goodies spice
Ear lug lug tab
Armpit oxter armpit armhole
Some words do not mean what they appear to mean.
Gang not a group of people, but the verb ‘to go’.
Real a description of something good or outstanding,
not a reference to genuineness .
Starved relating to feeling cold rather than a state of hunger.
Right employed not only to indicate direction but as an
intensifier in the sense of ‘very’. Idiomatic expressions.
allus at t’ last push a up-always at the last moment.
nobbut mention-just a small amount.
it’s nut jannock-it’s not fair.’
e wor ’ard on-he was fast asleep.
livin’ tally / ower t’ brush-living together as man and wife but not married.
tek a good likeness-be very photogenic.
It caps owt-it beats everything.
goin’ dahn t’ nick-ill and not going to get better.
a reight gooid sooarta -really kind person
Ah wor fair starved-I really was cold
allus at t’ last push up
nobbut a mention
it’s nut jannock
tek a good likeness
a reight gooid sooarta