<p> YORKSHIRE ENGLISH</p><p>'Ear all, see all, say nowt; Eyt all, sup all, pay nowt; And if ivver tha does owt fer nowt - Allus do it fer thissen.</p><p>'Hear all, see all, say nothing; Eat all, drink all, pay nothing; And if ever you do anything for nothing - always do it for yourself. </p><p>Introduction </p><p>Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the U.K</p><p>• The most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background</p><p>Big writers and poets from Yorkshire of 19 th century</p><p> Marvell Andrew</p><p> The Bronte sisters </p><p>Anne Bronte -Charlotte Bronte -Emily Bronte</p><p>The tenant of Widfeel Hall -Jane Eye- Wuthering Heights</p><p>Phonology Prononciation</p><p>1.short <a >instead of an <o> long, wrong, strong -Lang, wrang, strang </p><p>2.short <i> find, blind -finnd, blinnd In some areas of the North long <a> is preserved home and stone -hee-am and stee-an. spoon, fool- spee-oon, fee-ool, 3.-ing -in‘ walkin',talkin', 4.dropping of word-initial <h> 'appy, 'orrible</p><p>Diphthongs</p><p> [uː] </p><p> book, cook, and look.</p><p> Where and there [iə].</p><p> head as[iəd], leaves as [liəvz]</p><p> [eɪ] may take the place of /iː/</p><p> key, meat, speak  Words such as door, floor, four [uə, oə, ɔə, ʊə].</p><p> Words with a velar fricative may have [oʊ~ɔʊ] for /ɔː/</p><p> brought, fought, thought</p><p> Some words that end -ight can still be heard in their dialectal forms.</p><p> night as [niːt] and right as [riːt] or, in some areas,[reɪt]</p><p> aa </p><p> naame -nay-em for name</p><p> ooa</p><p> floor, door and afore become flooar, dooar and afooar </p><p> Ow </p><p> brought, anything and nothing-browt, owt and nowt[naʊt] </p><p> Oi used in such WR</p><p> coat, throat andhole- coit, throit and 'oil </p><p> Eea </p><p> again, death and street -ageean,deeath and streeat)</p><p>Consonants</p><p> consonants in Yorkshire dialect are pronounced more emphatically than in Standard English.</p><p>Bradford -Bratford, with [t] </p><p> final [ŋ] sound hearing and eating are often reduced to [n]. </p><p> Omission of final stops /d, t/ and fricatives /f, θ, ð/ </p><p> with can be reduced to wi</p><p>Morphology</p><p> Definite article reduction. </p><p> the -t‘</p><p> When making a comparison –’than’ into ‘nor’</p><p> better than him-better nor him</p><p> Nouns describing units of value have no plural marker </p><p> ten pounds -ten pound</p><p> ‘us’ - ’me’ or ’our’</p><p> ‘were’-instead of ‘was’</p><p> ‘While’-in the same meaning as-’until’ </p><p> double negation:</p><p>I was never scared of nobody.</p><p> relative clause may be ’what’ rather than ’that’</p><p>Other people what I've heard. </p><p>Lexicon</p><p> Standard English North Riding East R. West R.</p><p>Sweets goodies goodies spice</p><p>Ear lug lug tab</p><p>Armpit oxter armpit armhole</p><p> Some words do not mean what they appear to mean.</p><p>Gang not a group of people, but the verb ‘to go’.</p><p>Real a description of something good or outstanding, </p><p> not a reference to genuineness .</p><p>Starved relating to feeling cold rather than a state of hunger.</p><p>Right employed not only to indicate direction but as an </p><p> intensifier in the sense of ‘very’. Idiomatic expressions.</p><p> allus at t’ last push a up-always at the last moment.</p><p> nobbut mention-just a small amount.</p><p> it’s nut jannock-it’s not fair.’</p><p> e wor ’ard on-he was fast asleep.</p><p> livin’ tally / ower t’ brush-living together as man and wife but not married.</p><p> tek a good likeness-be very photogenic.</p><p> It caps owt-it beats everything.</p><p> goin’ dahn t’ nick-ill and not going to get better.</p><p> a reight gooid sooarta -really kind person</p><p> Ah wor fair starved-I really was cold</p><p> allus at t’ last push up </p><p> nobbut a mention </p><p> it’s nut jannock</p><p> tek a good likeness</p><p> a reight gooid sooarta </p>