WHAT does THIS refer to? WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS? WHAT IS THE CONTEXT? Dates have been supplied. For the items you choose, describe the historical context of the quote and its consequences. Identify key players and concepts and explain the point of view expressed by the author of the excerpt. I’ll do one.

A. “In the twenty years after they came to power the Nationalist leaders became conservatives increasingly concerned with the preservation of power. This is one of the oldest political phenomena in history. Beginning as revolutionists seeking to construct a new order, they became oligarchs [a small leadership clique] in defense of it, or rather in defense of their power, displaying the fixity of purpose and ruthlessness characteristic of self made men. BONUS QUESTION FOR #1. When else in history has the phenomenon the author mentions been shown? John K Fairbank, The United States and China 1958

B.1928 “We did not have an iron and steel industry . No we have this industry We did not have a tractor industry. Now we have one. We did not have an automobile industry. Now we have one. We did not have a machine-tool industry. Now we have one. We did not have a big up to date chemical industry. Now we have one.” BONUS QUESTION FOR C. HOW ACCURATE ARE THE CLAIMS HE MAKES? ****************

C. Complete the blanks: We have agreed on common policies and plans for enforcing the ______surrender which we shall impose together on ______after armed resistance has been finally crushed. There terms will not be made known until the the final defeat of Germany. Under the agreed plan, the forces of the ______will each occupy a separate ______of ______. We have agreed that a conference of ______should be called to meet at San Francisco in the United States on April 25, 1945 to prepare the charges of such an organization BONUS QUESTION FOR E. Each paragraph describes a plan to make changes. Assess the subsequent effectiveness of the organizations or structures set up by these plans.

D. 1935 War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it. All other trials are substitutes which never really put men into the position where they have to make the great decision. Thus a doctrine which is founded upon this harmful postulate of peace is hostile to [us]. BONUS QUESTIONS FOR D. who is the speaker? describe actions taken by the speaker which support the view expressed in the quotation..

E. 1939 ARTICLE I Both High Contracting Parties obligate, themselves to desist from any act of violence, any aggressive action, and any attack on each other, either individually or jointly with other powers. ARTICLE II Should one of the High Contracting Parties become the object of belligerent action by a third power, the other High Contracting Party shall in no manner lend its support to this third power.BONUS QUESTION FOR G. What were the immediate consequences of this document. Who was surprised by it?

F. 1925 All citizens engaged in agriculture are to be insured at the expense of the state against loss of life, old age. sickness, accident, and disability all the land is handed over without compensation (open or secret) to the toiling masses for their use. BONUS QUESTION FOR F. Where was this written? Did the author follow through with these plans? G.. our meeting here in the Crimea has reaffirmed out common determination to maintain and strengthen in the peace to come that unity of purpose and action which has mad victory possible.

Totalitarianism 1. Which country most successfully transformed itself in the Twentieth Century, China or the Soviet Union? Explain your reasoning and support your answer with details about the most significant successes

2. How did China and the Soviet Union differ in terms of system of government , agricultural organization, industrial development, international supporters, attitudes toward Marxism Leninism,. THE DEVELOPING WORLD 3. What are some of the economic, political and environmental effects globalization can have on individuals and local communities? GLOBAL WARFARE IN C20 4. Compare and contrast wwi and wwII in as many different ways as you can. Social and cultural impact, political changes, economic policies, technologicial change, military strategies, diplomacy, consequences etc.

5. How did the Cold War play out around the world, particularly in reference to developing nations?

THE DECOLONIZATION QUESTION 6. In what ways did the colonial experience affect both colonizers and the colonized? 7. Would you use the term “revolution” to describe the changes in Africa which occurred with Decolonization? Why, why not? 8. How much blame to you give to the Europeans and to the Africans for the troubles of many African nations after independence? Explain with specific details for at least two nations. 9. Some have argued that nations in African need to be RE-colonized, to better address the problems these nations face. Discuss and provide reasons for your opinion about this idea.

10 .How did nationalism and traditional ethnic loyalties affect African independence movements?  Define nationalism.  Define pan-Africanism and explain how it affected independence movements.  Explain how nationalism helped unify independence movements (or not).  Explain how ethnic loyalties affected independence movements.  Answer the question with reference to case studies (Ghana, Algiers, Congo, Nigeria or colonies of your choice).

On a map, be able to show the changes which occurred from 1914-1919 From 1936-1940 1940-46 Africa 1950-1975 Asia 1945-1975

SAMPLE: ONE of these THINGS is NOT like the OTHERS  Great Leap Forward, 100 Flowers Movement, Cultural Revolution, Chinese Civil War

 Versailles Treaty, Munich Agreement, Anschluss, Nazi Soviet Pact

 Gorbachev, Reagan, Nixon, Brezhnev, Sputnik, JFKennedy,

 Free trade, tariff, balance of payments, inflation, deflation, depression

 Aggression, nonaggression, appeasement, collective security, containment   Vietnam War, Korean War, Berlin Airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis   El Alamein, Midway Pearl Harbor, Iwo Jima,   Great Leap Forward, 100 Flowers Movement, Cultural Revolution, Chinese Civil War   Versailles Treaty, Munich Agreement, Anschluss, Nazi Soviet Pact   Auschwitz, Hutu Tutsi massacres, Rape of Nanjing, Fire bombing of Tokyo/Dresden   trench warfare, submarine, aircraft carrier, poison gas,   Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, Nelson Mandela, Mobutu Sese Seko

HOW DO THESE ALL FIT TOGETHER??  Spanish Civil War, Manchukuo, Weimar Republic, Maginot Line, hyperinflation, Guernica, Mussolini   nuclear weapons, stealth bomber, MAD, “Star Wars” , strategic defense initiative   Gorbachev, Reagan, Nixon, Brezhnev, Sputnik, JFKennedy, other key documents THE ID “bank” Rasputin Chiang Kaishek, Deng Xiaopeng, Mao Zedong, Sun Yat Sen Archduke Ferdinand Lenin Stalin Nicholas II Kaiser Wilhelm II Bloody Sunday Kulaks containment Stalingrad, Midway D-Day Winston Churchill Franklin Delano Roosevelt Mahatma Gandhi Hiroshima demography Hitler Mussolini blackshirts Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO collectivization green revolution 5 year plan long march, show trials, purges, Kristallnacht

Major themes to know with examples

 revolutions from above and revolutions from below  the difference between rebellion, reform, and revolution

 impact of geography on historical events

 modernization (various methods used in China USSR, Western Europe and US.

 the ideas of Karl Marx and how they were adopted and altered by Lenin, Stalin, Mao

 the policies and practices of communist and fascist dictatorships (econ, soc. polit, milit.)

 social and environmental problems in the modern world