Name: ______Period: ______
Time Zones
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks. Minerals are ______(5) occurring, inorganic, uniform materials that have definite ______(1) and physical properties. Minerals have an orderly ______(3) structure. This means that the atoms or ions that make up a mineral are arranged in an orderly and repetitive manner. Each mineral has a particular chemical make up. While most minerals are______(3) of two or more elements, some minerals are made up of a ______(2) element. To be considered a mineral it must have been formed by natural geologic processes. Minerals are considered to be ______(4) or non-living, all through some minerals like coal and calcite come from things like dead plant or seashells that were once living. Minerals are the building blocks of ______(4). Minerals are identified by scientist called ______(5). The most easily observed property, but usually the least useful is their ______(3). A mineral's color can be changed by the impurities that are found in the mineral. The way light is reflected from a newly exposed surface is known as a mineral’s ______(3), described as either metallic or nonmetallic. Some examples of minerals with ______(5) luster are pyrite, galena and magnetite. They look black, grey or glittery like a metal. Some examples of minerals with nonmetallic luster are calcite, quartz and feldspar. ______(2) luster can also be described as glassy, pearly, waxy and earthy (dull). The color of the mineral in powder form is known as the mineral’s ______(5). This test is done by rubbing the mineral across a white ______(5). Several minerals have a streak that is not the same color as the mineral itself. Most metallic luster minerals have a ______(1) colored streak. The ability of one mineral to scratch another is known as the mineral’s ______(1). You test a mineral's hardness by scratching the unknown mineral on ______(1). The ______(4) mineral can scratch the glass, while the ______(4) ones will not. ______(3) Scale of Hardness is used to rate the hardness of a mineral. ______(4) have a hardness of ten. Minerals aren't always found as perfect ______(2) form, they are often partially or completely broken into smaller parts. How they break apart is an important identifying______(1). If when they break they form flat surfaces, they are said to have ______(2). If they form non-flat surfaces, they have ______(2).
Properties of Common Minerals Based on your knowledge of earth science and page 16 of your ESRT, please answer the following questions.
1. What are the two different types of luster? 2. What is the range of hardness found on the chart? How does this compares with Moh’s hardness scale?
3. What type of breakage is more common: cleavage or fracture?
4. What is the most common element found in the composition of minerals?
5. For the mineral quartz, identity the following:
Luster: ______Hardness: ______Breakage: ______Color: ______Composition: ______
6. For the mineral galena, identity the following:
Luster: ______Hardness: ______Breakage: ______Color: ______Composition: ______
7. For the mineral olivine, identity the following:
Luster: ______Hardness: ______Breakage: ______Color: ______Composition: ______
8. For the mineral fluorite, identity the following:
Luster: ______Hardness: ______Breakage: ______Color: ______Composition: ______
9. Which mineral can scratch glass, has a non-metallic luster, has fracture and is a dark red color?
10. Which mineral can be easily scratched by a finger nail, has cleavage, a metallic luster and has a black streak?
11. What is the chemical composition of talc?
12. What is the dominant form of breakage for sulfur?
13. What is the dominant type of breakage for muscovite mica?
14. Which mineral tastes salty?
15. What is selenite gypsum used for?
16. Which mineral has a gray streak, a highly metallic luster and shows cleavage?
17. Which mineral is found in your pencil?
18. Which mineral might be found in your car battery?
19. Which mineral helps keeps schools open during snowy and icy weather by melting ice?
20. Does the ESRT chart give characteristics for every mineral found on earth? Regents Questions
1. Minerals are identified on the basis of a. The method by which they were formed b. The type of rock in which they are found c. The size of their crystals d. Their physical and chemical properties
2, The physical properties of minerals result from their a. Density and color b. Texture and color of streak c. Type of cleavage and hardness d. Internal arrangement of atoms
3. In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals? a. Feldspar, quartz, and olivine b. Granite, rhyolite, and basalt c. Cobbles, pebbles, and silt d. Conglomerate, sandstone, and shale
4. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right angles? a. Biotite mica and muscovite mica b. Sulfur and amphibole c. Quartz and calcite d. Halite and pyroxene
5. The diagrams below represent fractured samples of four minerals.
Which mineral property is best illustrated by the samples? a. Hardness b. Streak c. Cleavage d. Density 6. Base your answer on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with three different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.
Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested? a. A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardness b. A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streak c. A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardness d. A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage
7. The below shows the hardness of four common materials. Which statement best describes the hardness of the mineral dolomite? a. Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can not be scratched by a fingernail. b. Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can not be scratched by a steel nail. c. Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a fingernail. d. Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a steel nail.