Unit 1: Science Skills, Introduction to Physical Science
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Name: ______Date: ______Period: _____ Unit 1: Science Skills, Introduction to Physical Science Chapter 1 Guided Notes What is science ______is a system of knowledge and the methods you use to find that ______ Science begins with ______and often ends with ______ Generally scientists believe that the universe can be described by basic rules and these rules can be discovered by careful, methodical study. Science vs Technology ______– the application of science Science and technology are ______. Advances in one lead to advances in the other Branches of Science ______: The study of ______and ______ ______: The study of ______and its ______Scientific Method It’s an organized plan for ______, org______, organizing, and communicating ______. Everyone can use the scientific method The goal of any scientific method is to solve a ______or to better understand an ______event Science is an investigation, which starts with observations leading to inferences. An ______is any information collected with the ______. An ______is ______or deductions based on observations. Example 1: Example 2: Photo Part 1: Make 3 observations & 1 inference
Part 2: Make 3 observations & 1 inference
Part 3: Make 3 observations & 1 inference Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Make an______4. ______hypothesis 2. Ask a ______5. ______data/draw conclusion 3. Form a ______6. Develop ______
Conducting an experiment A good experiment tests only ______variable at a time. No experiment is a ______. ______– anything that can change in an experiment ______variable – what ______change. (manipulated) ______variable – what changes ______of the independent variable. (responding) ______-what you keep the same Analyze data Data ______support hypothesis then you need to ______the hypothesis and retest Data supports hypothesis than ______testing is needed before developing a ______Scientific Theory vs Scientific Law Scientific ______is an explanation that has been ______by repeated observations. Are always being ______and examined. To be valid, a theory must continue to pass each test. A theory must ______observations simply and ______. Experiments that illustrate the theory must be repeatable. You must be able to ______from the theory Example: Scientific ______States a repeated ______about nature. Does ______explain ______an event happens. Example: Sometimes theories or Laws have to be changed or replaced completely when new discoveries are made. ______is an ______of an object or event. Scientific models make it ______to understand things that might be too difficult to ______directly Graphs A way of organizing and presenting data. Makes relationships more ______ Line Graphs Best for displaying data that ______. (anything over time) Numerical vs. ______ Multiple Line graphs Best for comparing multiple values and distributions What is being measured? What is independent variable? What is dependent variable? Slope (rise/run) from 0.10 s to 0.40 s: Bar Graphs Best when comparing data for ______individual ______or events. Numerical vs. ______ What is being measured? What is independent variable? What is dependent variable? Circle Graphs Best for displaying data that are ______of a ______. What is being measured? What is independent variable? What is dependent variable? Units of Measurement Scientists use the International System of Units (______) for measurements. When everyone uses the same units, sharing data and results is easier – less mistakes. Base Units: The official SI units to measure Length = ______ Volume = ______ Mass = ______ Time = ______ Temperature = ______ ______units, are made from combinations of base units. Area: square meter (m2) Volume: cubic meter (m3) Density: kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) [a measurement of mass/volume] Metric prefixes allow for more convenient ways to express SI base and derived units. Prefix Base Symbol meaning 103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 Use the sentence “King Henry Died by Drinking Chocolate Milk.” to remember the order of prefixes. Kilo Hecto Deca base Deci Centi Milli Remembering the prefixes in order is key to doing ANY metric conversion 1. Write the prefixes in order 2. Count the number of “______” between the two prefixes 3. If going up the prefixes move the decimal to the left the same number of spaces as “JUMPS” 4. If going down the prefixes move the decimal to the right the same number of spaces as “JUMPS” Convert 2.45 hm to cm Going down the prefixes so move the decimal 4 spaces to the right 2.45 hm = 24500 cm Convert 526 mg to g Going up the prefixes so move the decimal 3 spaces to the left. 526 mg = 0.526 g Conversion Practice Convert Convert 3.876 Kg to dg 2.8 s to ms Convert Convert 526 dL to hL 45 g to Kg Scientific Notation When writing very large or very small numbers, scientists use a kind of ______called scientific notation. This is a way of writing a number without so many ______ Example 1: The speed of light is about 300,000,000 m/s Or 3.0 x 108 Example 2: The mass of a proton is 0.000000000000000000000001673 Or 1.673 X 10-24 All you do is move the decimal so that you only have one number ______the decimal. For large numbers the exponent is ______ Example: 850,000,000.0 For small numbers the exponent is ______ Example: 0.000,000,025 Practice 0.007899 = ? 0.00003657= ? 898745.30 = ? 531120 = ? Getting numbers out of Scientific Notation Look at the exponent of the number to determine if it needs to get smaller or larger ______exponent means the number get ______so the decimal moves to the right ______exponent means the number gets ______so the decimal moves to the left Add ______to fill in any “______” spaces Example 1: 2.35 x 105 The exponent is positive so the number needs to get larger Example 2: 8.68 x 10-4 The exponent is negative so the number needs to get smaller Practice 3.256 x 104 5.24 x 10-3 9.78 x 109 2.41 x 10-7 Limits of Measurement ______is a gauge of how exact a measurement is. Precise measurements are ______to each ______ MUST have ______than ______measurement ______is the closeness of a measurement to the ______of what is being measured An accurate measure is ______to the true or expected value MUST have true or ______value
Example To the right is the data collected by students during a lab. Actual Density of Aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3 Which student’s data is accurate and precise? Which student’s data is accurate but NOT precise? Which student’s data is NOT accurate but IS precise? Which student’s data is NEITHER accurate nor precise? Density Density is defined as a unit of ______per unit of ______ Generall is gram/cm3 or gram/mL but other units are used Example 1: Robin measured the mass of a metal cube to be 25.48 g and the cube measures 3.0 cm on each side. What is the cube density? Given Equation Solve
Example 2: A block of work has a volume of 28.5 m3 and a mass of 14.05 Kg. What is it’s density? Given Equation Solve
Example 3: A marble has a mass of 2.48 grams and when placed in a graduated cylinder with 20 mL the volume increased to 24.5 mL. What is the marbles density? Given Equation Solve