Genetics Study Guide

1. What is a plant that has two dominant genes or two recessive genes called? homozygous

2. The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made up of a pair of bases.

3. What is heredity? Traits passing from parents to offspring

4. How are sex cells different from other human cells? Sex cells have half as many chromosomes.

5. What is the name of the process for the way cells divide in asexual reproduction? mitosis

6. How does asexual reproduction relate to humans? Many body cells reproduce this way.

7. What is genetic engineering used for? Genetically alter plants and manufacture proteins

8. Some genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, are due to a mutation.

9. Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

10. What is a phenotype? The way an organism looks

11. A string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait is a gene.

12. The diagram used to trace a trait through generations of a family is a pedigree.

13. What does each gene have instructions for making? A protein 14. When a plant fertilizes itself, it is called self-pollinating plant.

15. What is it called when cells are copied with half the number of chromosomes? Meiosis

16. What factors have an influence on your traits? Single genes, multiple genes, and the environment

17. Why do sex-linked disorders occur more often in males? Males have only one X chromosome.

18. Three bases code for one amino acid.

19. What determines how tall you grow and whether your hair is curly or straight? Proteins

20. The different forms of a gene that decide a characteristic are known as alleles.

21. What do you call one set of instructions for an inherited trait? genes

22. The first step in making a protein is RNA copying DNA.

23. Each parent gives one set of these to the offspring. Genes

24. Two forms of a gene, one from each parent, are called alleles. 25. What is a string of nucleotides called? A gene

26. What did Mendel discover about recessive traits? Recessive traits reappear in the second generation.

27. Instructions for an inherited trait are called genes.

28. The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of sugar and phosphate.

29. What carries the genes that determine sex? Sex chromosomes

30. The complementary strand to the DNA sequence TAGTCA is ATCAGT.

31. To be copied, a DNA molecule splits down the middle.

32. Using DNA to identify who committed a crime is DNA fingerprinting.

33. The one thing that Gregor Mendel realized could explain the results of his experiments was that Each trait had two sets of instructions, one from each parent.

34. What is the first step of DNA replication? A strand of DNA splits down the middle.

35. A string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait is a gene.

36. What are chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes called? Homologous chromosomes

37. Sex-linked disorders are caused in males because they have only one ___chromosomes? X

38. What kind of plant produces offspring with the same traits as the parent? True- breeding plant

39. When messenger RNA is fed through the ribosome, what is it matched with? tRNA

40. Three bases or one codon code for one ___. Amino acid

41. When mRNA leaves the nucleus what organelle doe it goto? Ribosome

42. If a DNA sequence reads, TACCGGAAA, what would the mRNA copy be? AUGGCCUUU

43. T or F: Genes contain DNA. T

44. T or F: DNA makes genes. F (DNA makes proteins)

45. T or F: Genes and DNA contain chromosomes. F (Chromosomes contain Genes and DNA)