<p> Genetics Study Guide</p><p>1. What is a plant that has two dominant genes or two recessive genes called? homozygous</p><p>2. The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made up of a pair of bases.</p><p>3. What is heredity? Traits passing from parents to offspring</p><p>4. How are sex cells different from other human cells? Sex cells have half as many chromosomes.</p><p>5. What is the name of the process for the way cells divide in asexual reproduction? mitosis</p><p>6. How does asexual reproduction relate to humans? Many body cells reproduce this way.</p><p>7. What is genetic engineering used for? Genetically alter plants and manufacture proteins</p><p>8. Some genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, are due to a mutation.</p><p>9. Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.</p><p>10. What is a phenotype? The way an organism looks</p><p>11. A string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait is a gene.</p><p>12. The diagram used to trace a trait through generations of a family is a pedigree.</p><p>13. What does each gene have instructions for making? A protein 14. When a plant fertilizes itself, it is called self-pollinating plant.</p><p>15. What is it called when cells are copied with half the number of chromosomes? Meiosis</p><p>16. What factors have an influence on your traits? Single genes, multiple genes, and the environment</p><p>17. Why do sex-linked disorders occur more often in males? Males have only one X chromosome.</p><p>18. Three bases code for one amino acid.</p><p>19. What determines how tall you grow and whether your hair is curly or straight? Proteins</p><p>20. The different forms of a gene that decide a characteristic are known as alleles.</p><p>21. What do you call one set of instructions for an inherited trait? genes</p><p>22. The first step in making a protein is RNA copying DNA.</p><p>23. Each parent gives one set of these to the offspring. Genes</p><p>24. Two forms of a gene, one from each parent, are called alleles. 25. What is a string of nucleotides called? A gene</p><p>26. What did Mendel discover about recessive traits? Recessive traits reappear in the second generation.</p><p>27. Instructions for an inherited trait are called genes.</p><p>28. The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of sugar and phosphate.</p><p>29. What carries the genes that determine sex? Sex chromosomes</p><p>30. The complementary strand to the DNA sequence TAGTCA is ATCAGT.</p><p>31. To be copied, a DNA molecule splits down the middle.</p><p>32. Using DNA to identify who committed a crime is DNA fingerprinting.</p><p>33. The one thing that Gregor Mendel realized could explain the results of his experiments was that Each trait had two sets of instructions, one from each parent.</p><p>34. What is the first step of DNA replication? A strand of DNA splits down the middle.</p><p>35. A string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait is a gene.</p><p>36. What are chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes called? Homologous chromosomes</p><p>37. Sex-linked disorders are caused in males because they have only one ___chromosomes? X</p><p>38. What kind of plant produces offspring with the same traits as the parent? True- breeding plant</p><p>39. When messenger RNA is fed through the ribosome, what is it matched with? tRNA</p><p>40. Three bases or one codon code for one ___. Amino acid</p><p>41. When mRNA leaves the nucleus what organelle doe it goto? Ribosome</p><p>42. If a DNA sequence reads, TACCGGAAA, what would the mRNA copy be? AUGGCCUUU</p><p>43. T or F: Genes contain DNA. T</p><p>44. T or F: DNA makes genes. F (DNA makes proteins)</p><p>45. T or F: Genes and DNA contain chromosomes. F (Chromosomes contain Genes and DNA)</p>