Illinois Economic Review

ILLINOIS ECONOMIC REVIEW

The Monthly Illinois Economic Review contains information on national, statewide, and local economic performance by measuring job growth, unemployment, and business activity. This information is compiled by IGPA Economist Geoffrey Hewings, director of the Regional Economics Applications Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with assistance from Yizhou Zhang and Kijin Kim.

DECEMBER 2013 EMPLOYMENT

employment data summary

. Illinois added 9,400 jobs in November 2013, compared with a 17,200 job gain in October 2013. Compared to November 2012, Illinois has added 58,900 jobs. The three-month moving average,, a more stable measure of labor market, was up by 12,300 jobs per month. . The Nation added 203,000 jobs at a rate of 0.15%, compared with a 200,000 job gain in October 2013. The three-month moving average was up by 192,700 jobs per month. . The RMW added 27,800 jobs in November at a rate of 0.14% after a 36,200 job gain in October. The three-month moving average was up by 13,400 jobs per month. . Since the beginning of the recession in December 2007, Illinois has posted negative job changes 33 times and positive job gains 37 times so far. The state of Illinois now has a net loss of 150,900 jobs since the beginning of the recession in December 2007. . Since January 2010, when Illinois employment growth resumed after the national recession, Illinois has added 252,800 new jobs. . By November 2013, Professional & business services and Leisure & hospitality have both recovered to their previous employment peak level. The 12-month-ahead job recovery forecasts show that the future recovery rates will increase for sectors such as Manufacturing, Trade, transportation & utilities (TTU), Financial activities, Professional & business services, Leisure & hospitality and Other services. . The shadow unemployment rates for Illinois, RMW and the Nation were 12.9%, 13.5% and 12.1%, compared to official unemployment rates of 8.7%, 7.1% and 7.0%. . Through November 2013, the cumulative job growth for Illinois, RMW and the Nation compared to January 1990 stood at 10.79%, 13.26%, and 25.31%, respectively.

NOVEMBER 2013 employment chart

Oct 2013– Nov 2013 Last 12 months Nov 2013 Total Non- Farm Growth Number of Growth Number of Shadow Employment Rate % Jobs Rate % Jobs U.R. ** DEC 0.15 203,000 1.71 2,293,000 12.10% Positive Nation 0.14 27,800 1.27 243,400 13.50% RMW* 0.16 9,400 1.02 58,900 12.90% Illinois

2 *RMW stands for Rest of the Midwest including six states, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio and Wisconsin. **REAL has estimated a shadow unemployment rate; this is calculated as the unemployment rate that would be observed if labor force participation rates matched the average for the 15-year period from 1990 to 2004. What are these numbers? – they are the annual growth in number of jobs. The column to the left is the annual growth rate assume. Please correct.

Total non-farm Employment growth rate Jan 1990 – Nov 2013

130.00

125.00

120.00

115.00

110.00

105.00

100.00

National RMW IL

95.00 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

LAST 12 MONTHS TOTAL NON-FARM EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATE DEC 2012 – NOV 2013

Dec/12 Jan/13 Feb/13 Mar/13 Apr/13 May/13 Jun/13 Jul/13 Aug/13 Sep/13 Oct/13 Nov/13 0.50% Nation RMW IL

-0.10%

-0.20%

-0.30% 3 -0.40% Total Non-farm Employment growth rate by Sector Oct 2013 – Nov 2013

20 Construction

30 Manufacturing

40 Trade, transportation & utilities

50 Information

55 Financial activities

60 Professional & business services

65 Education & health

70 Leisure & hospitality

80 Other Services

90 Government

-1.50% -1.00% -0.50% 0.00% 0.50% 1.00% 1.50% 2.00% 2.50% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00%

Nation RMW IL

Shadow unemployment

Unemployment Rate: Official and Shadow

The unemployment rate estimates the percentage of workers in the labor force who are currently unemployed but who are seeking work. The labor force participation rate is the percentage of the population 16 and older who are either working or actively seeking work. The participation rate has declined since the 1990s and thus a number of analysts feel that the official unemployment rate does not account for a larger number of people who have dropped out of the labor force. REAL has estimated a shadow unemployment rate; this is calculated as the unemployment rate that would be observed if labor force participation rates matched the average for the 15-year period from 1990 to 2004.

 In the 1990s, the average participation rate was 68.2% in Illinois whereas in 2010, it has been only 66.6%.  For the 15 years from 1990 to 2004, the average participation rate was 68.1% in Illinois.  In the 1990s in the US, the average participation rate was 65.5% whereas in 2010, it has been 66.0%; for the 15 years from 1990 to 2004, the average participation rate was 66.6%.  The figures on the next page show the difference between the official and shadow unemployment rate for Illinois (top figure) and the US as a whole (bottom figure).  For Illinois since 2000, the gap between the official and shadow unemployment rate has increased but recently since the early 2006 the gap has decreased. However, the gap has increased significantly since 2008.  To bring the two together a further 259,000 jobs would need to be created in Illinois.

4 . Illinois

14% Unemployment Rate Shadow Unemployment Rate 12%

5 Employment Forecast

November November Growth Rate Illinois Number of Jobs 2013 2014 (p) % Total non-farm 5,837,000 5,893,000 56,000 ~ 78,300 0.96%~1.45% Construction 188,400 178,900 -9,500 -5.04% Manufacturing 576,200 585,600 9,400 1.63% Trade, transportation & utilities 1,179,600 1,202,600 23,000 1.95% Information 99,900 100,700 800 0.80% Financial Activities 370,600 369,300 -1,300 -0.35% Professional & business 897,300 923,400 services 26,100 2.91% Education & health 882,500 896,700 14,200 1.61% Leisure & hospitality 545,200 554,000 8,800 1.61% Other services 258,900 262,900 4,000 1.54% Government 827,700 818,900 -8,800 -1.06%

Number of Jobs Total Non-farm Employment Forecast (in thousands) 6200

4600 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year

* The values by sector for the number of jobs added are the lower bound of the forecast.

Employment Forecast for MSAs

6 GrowthNumber of Jobs GrowthTotal NonSector-farm EmploymentSector Forecast with (in thousands) Oct Rate62000 % withDecatur (DE) Lowest Oct 2013* 2014 Number of 60000 Highest MSAs Growth (p)* Jobs * Growth 58000 Rate (p) Rate 56000 (p) Bloomington-Normal 89,800 89,300 -500 ~ -340 -0.56%~54000 -0.38% - LEI (2.54%) INF (-12.19%) Champaign-Urbana- 0.13%~0.23%52000 + LEI (1.79%) MAN (-2.45%) 106,100 106,200 100~240 Rantoul 50000 Chicago 4,170,000 4,209,000 390,00~52,800 0.94%~1.27% + PRO(2.50%) FIN (-1.93%) 48000 Davenport-Rock 0.35%~ 0.52% + EDU (2.23%) INF (-4.28%) 185,400 186,100 700~-1,000 Island-Moline 46000 -0.16%~0.57% + PRO (5.26%) GOV (-3.29%) Decatur 50,100 50,000 -100~300 44000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Kankakee 43,700 43,500 -200~-50 -0.44%~ -0.11% - OTH (1.44%) FIN (-1.85%) Year Peoria 182,200 183,500 1,300~1,400 0.71 %~ 0.76% + PRO (5.47%) TTU (-0.41%) Rockford 148,700 149,200 500~1,000 0.32%~0.64% + PRO (2.16%) CON (-15.08%) Springfield 112,100 112,200 100~ 800 0.11%~ 0.70% + PRO (3.52%) INF (-10.02%) *Total Non-Farm Jobs Number of Jobs Total Non-farm Employment Forecast (in thousands) Number of Jobs Total Non-farm Employment Forecast Number of50000 Jobs Total Non-farm EmploymentKankakee Forecast (KA) (in thousands) Bloomington (BN) (in thousands) 95000 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (CU) 120000 48000

46000 90000 115000 44000 85000 110000 42000

80000 40000 105000 38000 75000 100000 36000

70000 34000 95000 32000 65000 90000 30000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Year 60000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 85000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Year Year NumberNumber ofof JobsJobs Total Non--farm Employment Forecast (in(in thousands)thousands) Number of Jobs Number of Jobs Total Non-farm Employment Forecast 170000200000 Total Non-farm EmploymentRockfordPeoria (PE) (RO)Forecast (in thousands) (in thousands) Davenport-Rock-Island-Moline (DRM) 4400000 Chicago (CHI) 195000 165000 190000

190000 160000 4200000 180000 185000 155000 170000 4000000 180000 150000 Number of Jobs Total Non-farm Employment Forecast 175000 145000160000 (in thousands) Springfield (SP) 3800000 120000 140000 170000 150000 118000 135000 3600000 165000 140000 116000 130000 160000 114000130000 3400000 125000 155000 112000 120000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 3200000 150000 110000 Year 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Year Year 108000

106000 7 104000

102000

100000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Year

Barometer of Job Recovery

Illinois Recovery Scenarios Growth Rate To Recover At the point of At the point of 2013- Nov 2010-June In 5 years 90,800 jobs/year 135,400 jobs/year In 8 years 56,800 jobs/year 84,600 jobs/year In 10 years 45,400 jobs/year 67,700 jobs/year In 15 years 30,300 jobs/year 45,100 jobs/year

8 * The figure 706,900 is the number of jobs needed for the Illinois economy to recover to the previous employment peak, Nov-2000. The gap between the previous peak, Nov-2000 and the previous lowest point Dec-2009 is 472,800. Adding 259,000, the number of jobs that needed to bring the shadow and official unemployment rates together, the total number of jobs that Illinois needs to create is 706,900.

**The figure 29,900 represents the jobs recovered from December 2009 (previous lowest level) through June 2010.

*** The figure 252,800 represents the jobs recovered from December 2009 through November 2013. Illinois Job Recovery by Sector

Illinois job recovery by sector from Dec 2007 – November 2013 Forecasted Job Job Changes Job Forecasted Changes in Recovery in Recession Changes Recovery Jan 2010- Rate Period* Jan 2010- Rate Nov 2013 Nov 2014 Construction -63,800 -15,500 -24.29% -13,400 -21.00% Manufacturing -114,500 21,300 18.60% 30,300 26.46% Trade, transportation & utilities -97,100 58,700 60.45% 88,400 91.04% (TTU) Information -11,300 -4,500 -39.82% -2,800 -24.78% Financial activities -32,700 5,600 17.13% 10,500 32.11% Professional & business -92,700 116,400 125.57% 144,800 156.20% services Education & health 32,200 61,000 -- 87,300 -- Leisure & hospitality -22,300 33,300 149.33% 48,000 215.25% Other Services -6,300 3,300 52.38% 8,200 130.16% Government 5,600 -28,600 -- -21,900 -- *Recession period: Dec 2007- Dec 2009

Recovery by . During the recession period of December 2007-December 2009, 8 out Sector of 10 Illinois sectors experienced negative job growth. Education & health and Government are the only 2 sectors that had positive job growth during the recession. . Since January 2010, Illinois employment growth resumed. Manufacturing, Trade, transportation & utilities, Financial activities, Professional & business services, Leisure & hospitality and Other services have recovered 18.60%, 60.45%, 17.13%, 125.57%, 149.33% and 52.38% respectively, from the job lost during the recession. . By November 2013, Professional & business services and Leisure & hospitality have both recovered to their previous employment peak levels. . However, recovery rates for sectors such as Construction and Information are still negative, namely, -24.29% and -39.82% respectively. . The 12-month-ahead job recovery forecasts show that the future

9 recovery rates will increase for sectors such as Manufacturing, Trade, transportation & utilities (TTU), Financial activities, Professional & business services, Leisure & hospitality and Other services.

Catch up Scenario

Catch-up Scenario* of Previous Peak Job Index in Illinois

Recovery rates Previous Peak Current Catch-up at November 2013** 126.49 125.31 Positive Nation 82.89% (Dec-2007) (Nov 2013) growth 119.39 113.26 Positive RMW (Jun-2000) (Nov 2013) 64.70% growth 115.00 110.79 Positive IL 62.62% (Nov-2000) (Nov 2013) growth Metro Areas***: Bloomington 142.06 137.47 Negative NA Normal (Feb 2002) (Oct 2013) growth Champaign- 116.26 107.53 Negative NA Urbana (Jan 2009) (Oct 2013) growth 114.82 110.97 Positive Chicago 64.37% (Nov 2000) (Oct 2013) growth Davenport- Rock 115.06 111.99 Positive 61.83% Island-Moline (Mar 2008) (Oct 2013) growth

* Catch-up scenarios are based on average monthly growth rate over the previous 12 months. Nation already passed its previous peak at Febru ary 2005. **Recovery rates are percentage of jobs added since the last official end of the recession. *** Due to lag of data release schedule there is one month of time lag in the catch-up scenario for metro areas. NOTE: The US Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Illinois Department of Employment Security changed the way national and state employme nt data are coordinated to be more consistent. As a result, there have been some significant changes in estimates for Illinois over the past year.

10 112.38 92.86 Negative Decatur NA (Jan 2000) (Oct 2013) growth 125.66 122.03 Positive Kankakee 46.95% (Nov 2011) (Oct 2013) Growth 122.09 116.86 Positive Peoria 50.68% (Aug 2008) (Oct 2013) growth 122.81 110.29 Positive Rockford 29.64% (Nov 2000) (Oct 2013) growth 110.94 105.46 Positive Springfield 73.41% (Aug 2000) (Oct 2013) growth 114.97 105.77 Negative Metro-East NA (Jun 2001) (Oct 2013) growth

CBAI DECREASED IN OCTOBER

This index is based on national indices of leading indicators and is a barometer for the economy, tracing the path of growth or contraction through to the current period and then forecasts up to 24 months into the future.

 The Chicago Business Activity Index (CBAI) decreased to 94.7 in October from 98.6 in September. The fall is attributed to slower national economic activities and the decline in the Chicago area’s retail activities.  In October, the national and regional economies shared mixed features. The Federal Reserve Board announced that industrial production index edged down 0.1 percent in October to 100.1 after having increased 0.7 percent in September. Capacity utilization for the industrial sector declined 0.2 percentage point in October to 78.1 percent.  The Chicago Fed reported that the Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI) decreased to -0.18 in October from +0.13 in September, led by declines in employment and production. In the Chicago region, the employment in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing rose 0.04 percent and 0.26 percent in October respectively. Construction employment increased 0.66 percent in October while retail sales are estimated to have fallen 0.57%.  In the coming months, the national economy is likely to maintain its modest recovery trend. The economic growth reflected in the CFNAI-MA3 suggests that national economic activity was near its historical trend. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 203,000 in November, and the unemployment rate declined from 7.3 percent to 7.0 percent. Considering recent national economic conditions and movements 140 of projected CBAI, the Chicago economy is expected to

continue its modest improving trend over the next several months. 4 month forecast 140 140 above 120 140 trend 4 month 4 4month 4monthforecast month forecastforecastforecastabove 120 aboveaboveabovetrend 120 120 trendtrendtrend 100 114.8trend

94.7 103.4 100 trend 100 100 trendtrendtrend 100.1 89.9 80 93.3 88.4 88.988.5 88.0 84.0 89.2 83.1 80 80.5 80 80 83.2 CBAI (Current: 94.7) 77.2 60 below 71.2 trend below 60 belowbelowbelow 60 60 trend trendtrendtrend 3 1 month 1 year month 40 40 4040 Historical (ago) 98.6 91.4 81.4 11

Forecast (ahead) 93.6 105.6 - 20 20 2020 01/07 01/08 01/0601/0901/0601/06 01/0701/1001/0701/0701/07 01/0801/1101/0801/0801/08 01/0901/0901/0901/1201/09 01/1001/1001/1001/1001/13 01/1101/1101/1101/1101/14 01/1201/1201/1201/12 01/1301/1301/13 METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA LEAGUE TABLES

MSA LEAGUE TABLES SUMMARY*

. Peoria (3rd to 9th) and Metro East (4th to 10th) experienced the deepest fall in October. . Kankakee (1st to 3rd), Rockford (2nd to 7th), Bloomington-Normal (7th to 8th) also dropped in terms of rank from last month. . The most remarkable upward move in October was recorded for Decatur (10th to 2nd). . Davenport-Rock Island-Moline (6th to 1st), Chicago (5th to 4th) Springfield (9th to 5th) and Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (8th to 6th) also gained in terms of rank from last month. . In the 12 months growth league table, upward moves were recorded for Kankakee (6th to 5th), Chicago (2th to 1st) and Rockford (8th to 6th). . Downward moves were recorded for Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (1st to 2nd) and Bloomington-Normal (5th to 8th). . Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, Springfield, Metro-East, Peoria and Decatur remained in the same place. . In the 12 months growth league table, Decatur is in the last place and Chicago climbed up to the first place.

*NOTE: The US Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Illinois Department of Employment Security changed the way national and state employment data are coordinated to be more consistent. As a result, there have been some significant changes in estimates for Illinois over the past year.

12 MSA League Tables*: Non-farm Employment Growth Rate

Monthly growth:

Rank Sep 2013 Oct 2013 Rank Change** 1 Kankakee(0.46%) Davenport-Rock Island-Moline(0.92%) 1 (+5) 2 Rockford (0.21%) Decatur(0.69%) 2 (+8) 3 Peoria (0.06%) Kankakee (0.42%) 3 (-2) 4 Metro-East (-0.05%) Chicago (0.22%) 4 (+1) 5 Chicago (-0.06%) Springfield (0.2%) 5 (+4) 6 Davenport-Rock Island-Moline (-0.2%) Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (0.13%) 6 (+2) 7 Bloomington-Normal (-0.47%) Rockford (0.04%) 7 (-5) 8 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (-0.5%) Bloomington-Normal (-0.14%) 8 (-1) 9 Springfield (-1.43%) Peoria (-0.22%) 9 (-6) 10 Decatur (-1.47%) Metro-East (-0.34%) 10 (-6)

Growth over last 12-months:

Rank Sep 2013 Oct 2013 Rank Change** 1 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (1.17%) Chicago (1.37%) 1 (+1) 2 Chicago (1.15%) Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul (0.99%) 2 (-1) Davenport-Rock Island-Moline (-0.13%) Davenport-Rock Island-Moline (0.77%) 3 3 (+0) Springfield (-0.19%) Springfield (0.11%) 4 4 (+0) 5 Bloomington-Normal (-0.51%) Kankakee (-0.28%) 5 (+1) 6 Kankakee (-0.67%) Rockford (-0.92%) 6 (+2) Metro-East (-0.77%) Metro-East (-1.15%) 7 7 (+0) 8 Rockford (-0.81%) Bloomington-Normal (-1.36%) 8 (-3) Peoria (-1.74%) Peoria (-2.16%) 9 9 (+0) Decatur (-4.83%) Decatur (-4.73%) 10 10 (+0)

Unemployment Claims (Initial)

* MSA League Tables are based on revised employment data. For instances of equal growth rate for multiple MSAs ranks are decided based on change of growth rate from previous month.

13 Unemployment Claims Unemployment Claims (Initial, IL) (Initial, US) 40,000 1,200,000

Initial Claims (IL) Initial Claims (US) 35,000 1,000,000

30,000 800,000

25,000 `

600,000

20,000

400,000 15,000

200,000 10,000

5,000 0 0 3 7 8 9 3 1 2 4 5 6 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / n n n n n n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a J J J J J J J J J J J J J J