FX Derivatives Trader School
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Tracking and Trading Volatility 155
ffirs.qxd 9/12/06 2:37 PM Page i The Index Trading Course Workbook www.rasabourse.com ffirs.qxd 9/12/06 2:37 PM Page ii Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in the United States. With offices in North America, Europe, Aus- tralia, and Asia, Wiley is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ professional and personal knowledge and understanding. The Wiley Trading series features books by traders who have survived the market’s ever changing temperament and have prospered—some by reinventing systems, others by getting back to basics. Whether a novice trader, professional, or somewhere in-between, these books will provide the advice and strategies needed to prosper today and well into the future. For a list of available titles, visit our web site at www.WileyFinance.com. www.rasabourse.com ffirs.qxd 9/12/06 2:37 PM Page iii The Index Trading Course Workbook Step-by-Step Exercises and Tests to Help You Master The Index Trading Course GEORGE A. FONTANILLS TOM GENTILE John Wiley & Sons, Inc. www.rasabourse.com ffirs.qxd 9/12/06 2:37 PM Page iv Copyright © 2006 by George A. Fontanills, Tom Gentile, and Richard Cawood. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. -
DERIVATIVE and SECURITY Winter 2009 VALUATION NEWS
DERIVATIVE AND SECURITY Winter 2009 VALUATION NEWS The bend in the road is not the end of the road unless you refuse to take the turn. - Anon Industry Update Trends in Hedge Fund Administration Also Featured Smaller, emerging, or startup fund managers have found that the discovery of so In This Issue many Ponzi schemes in the industry was a bigger hit to business than anything that has happened in the capital markets. These funds are finding that outsourcing, particularly back office activities, is the only real solution in order Valuation Challenges to establish credibility. This trend has been prevalent in Europe where even large Pricing illiquid securities and funds have independent administrators; in the US, traditionally, funds were self alternatives to stale broker quotes administered, but this is now changing as it is nearly impossible to raise capital and counterparty marks unless there are qualified and reputable service providers “looking over your .................................................... 02 shoulder”. Transparency and disclosure are key for funds to raise capital in this market environment, which includes providing investors detailed written procedures on operations and related risk mitigation. One of the primary areas investors are Regulatory Announcements focusing on is how the administrator values the fund’s portfolios, even though Are CCPs the answer to the the valuation of the fund is ultimately the responsibility of the fund and not the problem? administrator. ................................................... 04 Administrators have improved their valuation capabilities in the past year, but the issue of simply taking the manager’s price where it is most imperative to independently determine a valuation is still, particularly in the US, a hot button for the industry. -
Micro E-Mini Equity Options
Micro E-mini Equity Options • February 16, 2021 • David Lerman • Director, Education • CME Group • [email protected] Disclaimer Helping the World Advance: CME Group is comprised of four designated contract markets (DCMs), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc (“CME”), the Chicago Board of Trade, Inc. (“CBOT”), the New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. (“NYMEX”), and the Commodity Exchange, Inc. (“COMEX”). The Clearing Division of CME is a derivatives clearing organization (“DCO”) for CME Group’s DCMs. Exchange traded derivatives and cleared over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives are not suitable for all investors and involve the risk of loss. Exchange traded and OTC derivatives are leveraged instruments and because only a percentage of a contract’s value is required to trade, it is possible to lose more than the amount of money initially deposited. This communication does not (within the meaning of any applicable legislation) constitute a Prospectus or a public offering of securities; nor is it a recommendation to buy, sell or retain any specific investment or service. The content in this communication has been compiled by CME Group for general purposes only and is not intended to provide, and should not be construed as advice. Although every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information within this communication as of the date of publication, CME Group assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions and will not update it. Additionally, all examples and information in this communication are used for explanation purposes only and should not be considered investment advice or the results of actual market experience. -
Much Ado About Options? Jim Smith Fuqua School of Business Duke University July, 1999 ([email protected])
Much Ado About Options? Jim Smith Fuqua School of Business Duke University July, 1999 ([email protected]) There has been a great deal of buzz about "real options" lately. Recent articles in the Harvard Business Review, the McKinsey Quarterly, USA Today and Business Week tout real options as a "revolution in decision-making" and recent books make similar claims (see the references at the end of this note). Yet, if you read these articles and books, you may find it difficult to discern the differences between the real options approach and what decision analysts have been doing since the 1960s. This has led many decision analysts to wonder whether there is anything new in real options or whether real options is just decision analysis dressed in new clothes. As a decision analyst who has worked on the interface between these two fields, I have heard these questions many times and would like to take the time to address some of them. Similarities in Purposes At the highest level, real options and decision analysis are both about modeling decisions and uncertainties related to investments. In real options the focus is on options, decisions that are made after some uncertainties have been resolved. The classic example of an option is a call option on a stock that gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a stock at some future date at an agreed upon price. In real options, the options involve "real" assets as opposed to financial ones. For example, owning a power plant gives a utility the opportunity, but not the obligation, to produce electricity at some later date. -
An Efficient Lattice Algorithm for the LIBOR Market Model
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Xiao, Tim Article — Accepted Manuscript (Postprint) An Efficient Lattice Algorithm for the LIBOR Market Model Journal of Derivatives Suggested Citation: Xiao, Tim (2011) : An Efficient Lattice Algorithm for the LIBOR Market Model, Journal of Derivatives, ISSN 2168-8524, Pageant Media, London, Vol. 19, Iss. 1, pp. 25-40, http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jod.2011.19.1.025 , https://jod.iijournals.com/content/19/1/25 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/200091 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu AN EFFICIENT LATTICE ALGORITHM FOR THE LIBOR MARKET MODEL 1 Tim Xiao Journal of Derivatives, 19 (1) 25-40, Fall 2011 ABSTRACT The LIBOR Market Model has become one of the most popular models for pricing interest rate products. -
Options Strategy Guide for Metals Products As the World’S Largest and Most Diverse Derivatives Marketplace, CME Group Is Where the World Comes to Manage Risk
metals products Options Strategy Guide for Metals Products As the world’s largest and most diverse derivatives marketplace, CME Group is where the world comes to manage risk. CME Group exchanges – CME, CBOT, NYMEX and COMEX – offer the widest range of global benchmark products across all major asset classes, including futures and options based on interest rates, equity indexes, foreign exchange, energy, agricultural commodities, metals, weather and real estate. CME Group brings buyers and sellers together through its CME Globex electronic trading platform and its trading facilities in New York and Chicago. CME Group also operates CME Clearing, one of the largest central counterparty clearing services in the world, which provides clearing and settlement services for exchange-traded contracts, as well as for over-the-counter derivatives transactions through CME ClearPort. These products and services ensure that businesses everywhere can substantially mitigate counterparty credit risk in both listed and over-the-counter derivatives markets. Options Strategy Guide for Metals Products The Metals Risk Management Marketplace Because metals markets are highly responsive to overarching global economic The hypothetical trades that follow look at market position, market objective, and geopolitical influences, they present a unique risk management tool profit/loss potential, deltas and other information associated with the 12 for commercial and institutional firms as well as a unique, exciting and strategies. The trading examples use our Gold, Silver -
Put/Call Parity
Execution * Research 141 W. Jackson Blvd. 1220A Chicago, IL 60604 Consulting * Asset Management The grain markets had an extremely volatile day today, and with the wheat market locked limit, many traders and customers have questions on how to figure out the futures price of the underlying commodities via the options market - Or the synthetic value of the futures. Below is an educational piece that should help brokers, traders, and customers find that synthetic value using the options markets. Any questions please do not hesitate to call us. Best Regards, Linn Group Management PUT/CALL PARITY Despite what sometimes seems like utter chaos and mayhem, options markets are in fact, orderly and uniform. There are some basic and easy to understand concepts that are essential to understanding the marketplace. The first and most important option concept is called put/call parity . This is simply the relationship between the underlying contract and the same strike, put and call. The formula is: Call price – put price + strike price = future price* Therefore, if one knows any two of the inputs, the third can be calculated. This triangular relationship is the cornerstone of understanding how options work and is true across the whole range of out of the money and in the money strikes. * To simplify the formula we have assumed no dividends, no early exercise, interest rate factors or liquidity issues. By then using this concept of put/call parity one can take the next step and create synthetic positions using options. For example, one could buy a put and sell a call with the same exercise price and expiration date which would be the synthetic equivalent of a short future position. -
A Defensive Equity Solution Using Put Options
A defensive equity solution using put options Reducing volatility and sensitivity to drawdowns while providing similar returns Client case study The organization A large public pension fund desired a change to its U.S. Large Cap equity portfolio that would reduce volatility, mitigate sensitivity to drawdowns, and provide a similar return to the S&P 500 Index. To accomplish these objectives, Russell Investments implemented a put-writing mandate to harvest the volatility risk premium by selling fully-covered put options on the S&P 500 Index while simultaneously investing the cash collateral in a range of short- and intermediate-term high-grade debt instruments. The challenge Volatility can have a destructive impact on portfolio value by reducing the compounding rate of portfolio returns. A decline of 10% in one year followed by an increase of 10% in the next year does not mean you broke even. In this case, the portfolio lost 1%.1 When responding to the harmful characteristics of volatility, many investors have pursued strategies that alter the risk-return profile, specifically seeking solutions that offer lower risk for similar returns. The solution As shown in Exhibit 1, over the last 30 years, writing puts on the S&P 500 Index has resulted in similar returns, consistently lower risk, and shallower drawdowns (along with a faster recovery after the drawdown) relative to the index.2 Writing puts has historically Writing put options is a way to capture the volatility risk premium that is embedded in shown to provide 90% of the pricing of options. There is persistent demand in the marketplace to buy option the return with 70% of the protection that can be harvested (similar to selling an insurance premium). -
Volatility Timing: Pricing Barrier Options on DAX XETRA Index
mathematics Article Volatility Timing: Pricing Barrier Options on DAX XETRA Index Carlos Esparcia 1 , Elena Ibañez 2 and Francisco Jareño 3,* 1 School of Business and Communication, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; [email protected] 2 School of Economics and Business, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Economics and Finance, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-967-599-200 Received: 24 March 2020; Accepted: 2 May 2020; Published: 4 May 2020 Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of different volatility structures on a range of traditional option pricing models for the valuation of call down and out style barrier options. The construction of a Risk-Neutral Probability Term Structure (RNPTS) is one of the main contributions of this research, which changes in parallel with regard to the Volatility Term Structure (VTS) in the main and traditional methods of option pricing. As a complementary study, we propose the valuation of options by assuming a constant or historical volatility. The study implements the GARCH (1,1) model with regard to the continuously compound returns of the DAX XETRA Index traded at daily frequency. Current methodology allows for obtaining accuracy forecasts of the realized market barrier option premiums. The paper highlights not only the importance of selecting the right model for option pricing, but also fitting the most accurate volatility structure. Keywords: barrier options; knock-out; GARCH models 1. Introduction Instability in asset prices and periods of volatility or turbulence are two key elements that characterize and define the trend of financial markets. -
Annual Report 2008
Annual Report 2008 Annual Report December 2008 Banca IMI S.p.A. Piazzetta Giordano Dell’Amore 3 – 20121 Milan (Italy) – Share capital 662,464,000 Euro – ABI Code 3249.0 – Member of the Interbank Deposit Protection Fund – Registered with the Milan Business Registry – Registration number and tax ID 04377700150 – e-mail: info@ bancaimi.com – www.bancaimi.com – Telephone +39 02.72611 – Company subject to management and control of the sale shareholder Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. – Banca IMI is a bank of Intesa Sanpaolo Group Contents Officers 5 Summary information 7 Executive summary 8 Report by the Board of Directors on the Company’s situation and management trends 11 Business plan and management guidelines 13 Macroeconomic outlook and financial markets 15 Results by business area 17 Results in 2008 22 Equity aggregates 32 Equity investments and holdings 39 Capital adequacy 42 Operations support and organizational change 45 Human resources 47 Management and coordination by Intesa Sanpaolo 49 Dealings with other Group companies 50 Business outlook 51 Proposals to the Shareholders’ Meeting 52 Certification by the executive in charge of accounting documents 53 Report of the Independent Auditors 55 Report of the Board of Statutory Auditors 59 Financial statements of Banca IMI 63 Balance sheet 64 Income Statement 66 Statement of changes in shareholders’ equity 67 Statement of cash flows 69 Notes 71 Part A – Accounting policies 73 Part B – Information on the balance sheet 83 Part C – Information on the Income Statement 117 Part E – Information on risks -
Effective and Cost-Efficient Volatility Hedging Capital Allocation: Evidence from the CBOE Volatility Derivatives
Effective and Cost-Efficient Volatility Hedging Capital Allocation: Evidence from the CBOE Volatility Derivatives Yueh-Neng Lin ∗∗∗ Imperial College Business School and National Chung Hsing University Email: [email protected] , [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 20 759 49168 Abstract The challenge in “long volatility contracts” is to minimize the cost of carrying such insurance, as implied volatility continues to trade above realized levels. This study proposes a cost-efficient strategy for CBOE volatility contracts that is subject to substantial protection against severe downturns in a portfolio of S&P 500 stocks, while still participating upside preservation. The results show (i) timely hedging strategy removes the extreme negative tail risk and reduces the negative skewness in exchange for slightly fewer instances of large positive returns; (ii) dynamic volatility hedging capital allocation effectively solves the negative cost-of-carry problem; and (iii) using volatility contracts as extreme downside hedges can be a variable alternative to buying out-of-the-money S&P 500 index puts. Keywords: Dynamic effective hedge; VIX calls; VIX futures; Variance futures; S&P 500 puts; Negative cost of carry JEL classification code: G12; G13; G14 ∗ Corresponding author: Yueh-Neng Lin, Academic Visitor, Imperial College Business School, 53 Princes Gate, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, Phone: +44 (0) 20759-49168, Email: [email protected], [email protected]. The author thanks Jun Yu, Walter Distaso and Jeremy Goh for valuable opinions that have helped to improve the exposition of this article in significant ways. The author also thanks Jin-Chuan Duan, Joseph Cherian and conference participants of the 2011 Risk Management Conference in Singapore for their insightful comments. -
Foreign Exchange Options
Foreign Exchange Options Overview The agenda of this course will offer delegates a thorough and practical understanding of currency option pricing and risks and will explain how options can be used in directional and non-directional strategies, together with their dynamic hedging implications. The program will also focus on analysing, structuring and decomposing hedging, trading and investment strategies utilising vanilla options. The impact of changing market conditions on the pricing and performance of these strategies will also be examined. Learning Outcome Statements The pricing, risk characteristics, and the dynamic behaviour of FX options in the context of the management of a portfolio of options To construct pricing an valuation models for currency option The use of FX options in a variety of directional and non-directional strategies Different hedging and trading applications for FX options Key Contents FX Option Valuation – Principles and Option Pricing Models o Fundamental properties of currency options o Market conventions, terminology, price quotation basis (base Vs. quoted) o Adapting the Black-Scholes framework to currency option modeling – Garman- Kohlhagen (1983) o Rationalising distortions to the BSM framework o Problems with fitting the volatility smile dynamically o Alternative model implementation methods: o Numerical methods: Binomial lattice models o Arbitrage-free derivation of a generalised binomial model o Modelling spot and forward processes o American and other path dependent options o Volatility and time parameters in the binomial model; value determinants, price sensitivities Foreign Exchange Options 1 o Accounting and modeling for stochastic volatility . Vanna-Volga approach to constructing volatility surfaces . An explanation of sticky strike and sticky delta approaches .