Guidelines Updated: 3/20/2010

______2006 Australian J Nurs Skin to skin contact should be promoted and KC encouraged in the first 24 hours after birth. This is a grade A recommendation on pg. 32 Academy BF Medicine, 2002-06 FT Protocol on BF, recommends birth KC to help initiate breastfeeding (pulled up protocol after reading Chantry, 2005 below) Amer Acad Pediatrics 2005 FT and PT, recommends birth KC until infant has completed first feed for fullterms and says that KC should be encouraged as soon as poss ible for preterm and risk infants. Amer Acad Fam Practice 2001 Recommends KC to facilitate breastfeeding initiation Amer Acad Ped & AHA 2006 FT recommends birth KC for initial steps of resuscitation and thermoregulation of healthy term infants on page 1-18. NRP recom Amer Acad Ped , Can Ped 2006 Neonatal. Use KC to decrease pain.

ACOG 2000 FT, recommends birth KC ACOG 2007 FT, recommends birth KC Anand et al., 2006 Neonatal Pain Group recommends KC for procedural pain in term and preterm infants AWHONN 2000 FT, recommends birth KC for breastfeeding CDC (2005) FT. On page 1 of chapter?? It states “ skin-to-skin contact should be given to improve breastfeeding outcomes.” Also in Shealy Cattaneo, D &T, 1998 CDC 2005 FT, page 1 says KC should be done to promote breastfeeding – also under Shealy et al., CDCP 2007 FT, national survey of USA hospitals practice of birth KC to promote breastfeeding. CDC 2008 FT, national survey results of 2700 birth centers shows poor Birth KC practice and poor support for breastfeeding in hospitals. Long way to go to achieve Healthy People objective Chalmers 1999 Chalmers 2000 Chalmers 2009 Chandry 2005 FT. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine guidelines say it is NOT appropriate to separate mom and infant immediately after birth and that KC immediately after birth is recommended routine to promote breastfeeding and to prevent hypoglycemia Charpak, FC, R, 2000 Charpak, R& F, 2000 Charpak et al., 2005. 25 yrs . . Children’s Hosp Philly, 2007 PT, protocol for KC with preterm infants Children’s Hosp Philly 2007 PT, protocol and procedure for transfer of ventilated infants into KC. Chiu et al., 2005 FT. guidelines for KCBF and KC immediately after birth on page 120. Clarke, 2009 Review of KMC for meeting Millenium Dev. Goals, and recommends KMC for rich and poor and advantaged and disadvantaged sources of childhealth care. Says rich nations should learn from poor in relation to KMC. Cleary et al., 1997 Crenshaw 2007 Presents Lamaza International’s recommendation for Birth KC and continuous KC throughout postpartum and that all treatments be done in mom’s room. Davanzo, 1993 Davanzo & Cattaneo, 1995 Demott et al., 200 6 FT, UK guidelines for breastfeeding with many sections on Birth KC and need tofeed with KC within 30-70 minutes of birth. Di Menna, 2006 PT. Provides evidence-based guidelines for Neonatal unit KC. Drosten-Brooks, 1993 European Commission 2006 FT, PT, guidelines for breastfeeding and all feeding practices from antenatal period through one year of life. Many citations about use of Birth KC to facilitate initiation of BF. Franck, Bernal, & Gale, 2002 Review Of hospitals that have practices, how many of each Galligan 2006 FT, Evidence based guidelines (hat, position, check at 15,30, 60 mins post start of KC, etc) for rewarming fullterms for milk hypothermia with KC rather than warmers Int Lactation Assoc 1999 FT, recommends non-separation and birth KC for breastfeeding. Int Lact Assoc,2007 FT and some PT, Trifold about how to support BF with Birth KC and recognize signs of readiness for BF. Kenner et al., 20?? Pt, The Comprehensive Neonatal Nursing text has a sample protocol on page 1121. Klaus, 2009 FT, recommends birth KC because there is critical period for establishing maternal-infant interaction (Bystrova et al., 2009) Lago et al., 2009 Italian Pediatric Society recommendations for pain management include KC for “non-routine” heel sticks. Lamp & Zadvinskin 2009 FT., guidelines for non-separation post birth for healthy term infants. Lazarov 1994 FT, guidelines for implementing STEP FOUR of baby Friendly that Speaks to Very Early KC within 30 minutes of birth for better BF. Ludington-Hoe & Swinth, 1993 PT Ludington-Hoe et al 1994 PT -KC with stable prematures, relates head cap use, flexed prone position, containment, insulation, head/neck issues, maternal legs elevated, etc. Ludington-Hoe et al., 2003 (JOGNN, vol. 32 #5) KC with ventilated infants. NANN 2009 PT, step by step poster showing transfer into and out of ventilated KC National Collaborating Ctr 2006 FT. This is national UK policy for postnatal care for women and their babies that includes KC MacDonald, 2005 FT, PT, review of European blueprint for BF that says health workers should have commitment to best practices and Ludington adds that Birth KC is a best practice. Good general guidelines for a country to follow to get BF moving. Martinez 2007 Recommends KC to all pediatricians, Great succinct review NANN Brd Directors, 2009 Position Statement on Breastfeeding that says that KC is an important component of transitioning the infant from tube feedings to direct feedings at the breast. Nyqvist, 2004 PT. Includes the policy and BF guidelines for KMC in Sweden Nyqvist 2005 PT. Provides guidelines on page 40 of article that they don’t do KMC in first week of life for infants <1000 to prevent hypothermia and not for ventilated infants who are unstable with transfer, and after these, no frequency or duration of KMC restrictions. Nyqvist etal., 2008 PT, moms recommended new steps for Baby Friendly Hosp. Initiative and KC constitutes step 5on page 257. Nyqvist 2009 PT, FT in NICU, international guidelines for KMC in neonatal intensive care to be adopted by WHO for adding to their Practical Guidelines book. Nyqvist et al., 2009 PT, FT. Recommendations (extensive) from Swedish Meeting of KMC network in 2008. Quasem et al., 2003 PT/FT. Simple criteria for choosing KMC babies in community care Save the Children US AID funded agency to made KC part of essential care of the newborn worldwide for all newborns, term and preterm. Shealy et al., 2006 CDC BF guidelines say keep infant in KC to promote BF Shetty 2007 Review, but provides some guidelines Terhar & Starr 2007 Recommends KC to Pediatricians Thompson & Hartsock 1979 Recommends KC for Breastfeeding UNICEF 1998 FT. Guidelines for implementation of BirthKC and VEKC. UNICEF/WHO 2009 FT. New Baby Friendly guideline that says “Place babies in skin to skin contact with their mothers immediately following birth for at least an hour. And the criteria are that 90% will have met this requirement. Vanderbilt Univ. Med Ctr 2007 PT. Guidelines/hospital policy/protocol for KC in NICU. WHO/UNICEF 1989 FT – states KC should begin within 30 min of birth for NSVD and Within 30 minutes of mom being able to respond for C/S deliveries WHO/UNICEF 1992 FT - states KC should begin within 30 min of birth for NSVD and Within 30 minutes of mom being able to respond for C/S deliveries and Says that these are GLOBAL criteria. WHO/UNICEF 1992 FT. guidelines for hospital implementation of Baby Friendly conditions WHO/UNICEF/Wellstart 2009 FT & PT, baby friendly guidelines now include specific birth KC references WHO 2003 FT and PT. Practical guidelines for implementing KC with fullterm And preterm infants in all environments (advantaged and Disadvantaged, but focuses on disadvantaged. Winberg 2006 Rev of early mutual caregiving and how we are similar to mammals. Relates physiologic mechanisms of mutual regulation and states that Mother’s body is playground for newborn. Recommends close skin-to Skin contact.