Citing Indirect Sources

INDIRECT SOURCES: If your source quotes someone else in his article, you must give credit to the source and the speaker. You do this by using full attribution or by using the abbreviation qtd. in

Look at the following article for an example.

Know the limit

James Materno Current Health Teens, a Weekly Reader publication , December 2011

Drinking just one beer or glass of wine might be enough to cause a deadly car crash, say researchers at the University of California, San Diego. They analyzed 14 years' worth of data from the U.S. and found that drivers with blood-alcohol levels way below what most people think is the danger zone were more likely to be involved in serious crashes than drivers who hadn't had a drop.

Drivers with blood-alcohol levels as low as 0.01 percent are at greater risk for serious crashes, they say. (The legal limit in the U.S. is 0.08 percent.) "Accidents are 36.6 percent more severe even when alcohol was barely detectable in a driver's blood," says professor David P. Phillips, a coauthor of the report, published in the medical journal Addiction. The researchers say their findings point to a possible need to lower the legal limits in the U.S. In Sweden, they add, the legal limit is 0.02 percent, and in Japan, it's 0.03 percent.

Source Citation:

Materno, James. "Know the limit." Current Health Teens, a Weekly Reader publication Dec. 2011: 4. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

Citation with full attribution (first time use):

EXAMPLE: In the Current Health Teens article "Know the Limit" by author James Materno, Professor Dave P. Phillips, coauthor of a report published in the medical journal Addiction, reports, "Accidents are 36.6 percent more severe even when alcohol was barely detectable in a driver's blood."

**By using full attribution, the source has been introduced (author, credentials, title and citation), and you have also given credit to the speaker.

Parenthetical citation (second time use): You may use the quote above, but you must use the abbreviation qtd. in in your citation to give credit to the author and the person who said the quote. This is how it would appear for the SECOND TIME it would be used in your paper. (This means you had already introduced your source with another citation.)

EXAMPLE: Professor Dave P. Phillips, coauthor of a report published in the medical journal Addiction, reports, "Accidents are 36.6 percent more severe even when alcohol was barely detectable in a driver's blood" (qtd. in Materno). Practice writing a citation for an indirect source for both the first and second time the source is used. Use the quotation in bold. See the other side of this paper for help.

First time: ______Second time: ______

SAF sides with resident aliens in Massachusetts

The New American , August 22, 2011

The Second Amendment Foundation (SAF) said in a July 8 press release that it is suing the state of Massachusetts to overturn a law that "denies legal resident aliens the licenses required to possess a handgun in the home for self-defense, or purchase any kind of firearm."

SAF is joined in the lawsuit by Commonwealth Second Amendment, a Massachusetts grass-roots organization, and two British citizens, Christopher M. Fletcher and Eoin M. Pryal. "Lawful immigrants are entitled to the protection of our laws, including the protection of their right to self-defense," said Miko Tempski, SAF legal affairs director, reiterating the stance by SAF against the "hypocritical and discriminatory ban on handgun ownership for lawful immigrant residents."

SAF executive vice president Alan Gottlieb stated, "People in this country have rights. ... Among those rights is the right of self-defense, especially in one's own home. Legal resident aliens like Fletcher and Pryal are productive members of the community, yet they are being denied a basic right by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This prohibition simply cannot go unchallenged."

Krey, Patrick

Source Citation: Krey, Patrick. "SAF sides with resident aliens in Massachusetts." The New American 22 Aug. 2011: 41. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.