California State University Bakersfield s3

California State University Bakersfield Women and the Criminal Justice System CRJU 325 Spring 2008

Professor: Dr. Doris Hall Class Location: BDC 154 Office: DDH-C117 Class Time: MWF 11-12:25 p.m. Phone: 654-3121 Office Hours: MWF 10:30-10:55 a.m. &MWF 12:30-1:55 p.m. Email: [email protected] or by appointment

Required Readings: There are several articles on reserve at the Walter W. Stiern Library. Students will be expected to have completed these articles on the date that they are to be discussed. The following articles are required reading:

Students are expected to complete the readings by the day they are assigned on the syllabus. Students will be called upon frequently to participate in class discussions. The professor reserves the right to give pop-quizzes to encourage completing the readings on time.

Asefa, S. (1998). Female genital mutilation: Violence in the name of tradition, religion, and social imperative. In French, S., Teays, W. and Purdy, L. (Eds.), Violence Against Women: Philosophical Perspectives (pp. 92-104). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Belknap, J. (1996). Critiquing criminological theories. In The Invisible Woman: Gender, Crime and Justice (pp. 21-44). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Bennett, S., Farrington, D., & Huesmann, L. (2005). Explaining gender differences in crime and violence: The importance of social cognitive skills. Aggression & Violent Behavior 10: 263-288.

Blue Shield of California (2006). How to talk with someone who is being abused: Guidelines for co-workers.

Broidy, L. & Agnew, R. (2004). Gender and crime: A general strain theory perspective. In Chesney-Lind, M. & Pasko, L. (Eds.), Girls, Women & Crime: Selected Readings (pp. 3-23). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Bush-Baskette, S.R. (1997). The war on drugs as a war against black women. In Miller, S. (Ed.), Crime Control and Women: Feminist Implications of Criminal Justice Policy (pp. 113-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Campbell, J., Webster, d., Koziol-McLain, J., et. Al., (2003). Assessing risk factors for intimate partner homicide. National Institute of Justice Journal 250: 14-19.

Caputi, J. (1993). The sexual politics of murder. In Bart, P. and Morgan, E. (Eds.), Violence Against Women: The Bloody Footprints (pp. 5-25). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

Flack, W., Daubman, K., Caron, M., Asadorian, J., D’Aureli, N., Gigliotta, S., Hall, A., Kiser, S., & Stine, E. (2007). Risk factors and consequences of unwanted sex among university students: Hooking up, alcohol, and stress response. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 22(2): 139-157.

Grana, S. (2002). Women and poverty. In Women & (In)Justice: The Criminal and Civil Effects of the Common Law on Women’s Lives (pp. 11-30). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 1 Green, J. (7 June, 2005). New device gives women teeth where it matters. The Cape Times, p. 3.

Hagan, J., Rymond-richmond, W., & Parker, P. (2005). The criminology of genocide: The death and rape of Darfur. Criminology 43(3): 525-561.

Muraskin, R. (2003). “Ain’t I a woman?” In Muraskin, R. (Ed.), It’s a Crime: Women and Justice (3rd ed.) (pp. 3-11). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Project for Victims of Family Violence, Inc. Signs to look for in a battering personality.

Rosen, R. (2000). Preface: The longest revolution. In The World Split Open: How the Modern Women’s Movement Changed America (pp. xi-xxxii). New York: Viking Publishing.

Russell, D. (2001a). AIDS as mass femicide: Focus on South Africa. In Russell, D. & Harmes, R. (Eds.), Femicide in Global Perspective (pp. 100-111). New York: Teachers College Press.

Sanday, P.R. (1996). Hooking up a trump. In A Woman Scorned: Acquaintance Rape on Trial (pp. 3-27). New York: Doubleday.

St. George, D. (2004 December 19). Many new or expectant mothers die violent deaths. The Washington Post, p. A1.

St. George, D. (2004 December 19). Researchers stunned by scope of slaying. The Washington Post, p. A21.

Warren, J, Hurt, S., Loper, A., Bale, R. Friend, R. & Chauhan, P. (2002). Psychiatric symptoms, history of victimization, and violent behavior among incarcerated female felons: An American perspective. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry 25: 129-149.

Course Description: This course examines the roles of women in the criminal justice system. The readings, lecture material and guest speakers will focus on three specific areas: female offenders, female victims and female employees or administrators within the criminal justice system. Issues of race, class and ethnicity will also be discussed in conjunction with gender. Additionally, this course will explore traditional and feminist theories of female criminality, popular media portrayal of female offenders and victims, the effects of such crimes as rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and domestic violence on female victims and the obstacles faced by women working within the criminal justice system.

Course Objectives: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the critical role played by gender, race, and ethnicity in the traditional and feminist theories of female criminality.

2. Demonstrate the ability to describe the nature and extent of female offending and the factors likely to affect the crime processing of female offenders.

3. Demonstrate the ability to describe the image of the female victim and how that image has changed throughout recent years.

4. Demonstrate an understanding of the roots, social implications, cultural assumptions and the effect on the victim of the following crimes: sexual abuse, rape, battering, and sexual harassment.

2 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the historic roots of women working within the criminal justice system and obstacles women currently face.

6. Demonstrate an ability to critically analyze the traditional systems of domination and subordination, including the criminal justice system and their effect on women as offenders, victims and employees.

7. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and raise relevant questions when reading written material in existing literature that address women and criminal justice issues.

8. Be able to effectively follow the appropriate writing style practiced in social sciences.

9. Demonstrate the ability to complete course assignments in a grammatically correct and structurally sound way, without spelling errors, and following the format used by the Department of Justice.

10. Classify terminology unique to the criminal justice system.

Teaching Methodology: A. Lectures B. Guest speakers C. Films D. Class participation E. Group activities F. In class writings

Course Requirements and Grading: Midterm 25% Final exam 25% Prostitution Legalization paper 20% Interview paper 15% Safety Plan 5% Class participation, pop quizzes & in class writings 10% 100% GRADING BREAKDOWN 100 % -94.00 % A 76.99 %-73.00 % C 93.99 %-90.00 % A- 72.99 %-70.00 % C- 89.99 %-87.00 % B+ 69.99 %-67.00 % D+ 86.99 %-83.00 % B 66.99 %-63.00 % D 82.99 %-80.00 % B- 62.99 %-60.00 % D- 79.99 %-77.00 % C+ 59.99 % or less F

There will be one midterm and one final exam required for this course. Exams will consist of multiple choice, true-false, fill in, short answer and essay questions. Exams will cover assigned readings (whether or not the professor covers it in class), lectures, film, and presentations by guest-speakers. Each exam is worth 25% of your final grade, for a total of 50%.

Criminological theory and film paper: In this paper the student is to review the film based on two criminological theories. The student needs to explain both theories and its various elements in detail and describe how it fits the film. Further, the student is required to contrast and compare the popular media's image of females as offenders and how it differs or is similar to the average female offender in the United States. This assignment is based on a film either currently

3 playing at a movie theater or available on video. This film must have a female lead in the role of a criminal offender. The choice of film to be reviewed is up to the individual student. Students must use at least two scholarly sources. All scholarly sources must be cited within the body of the work. Students have their choice between using APA or MLA format. The formatting system used must be written in the top right hand corner of the title page. The system of formatting that is used which includes typing the paper in 12-point font with standard one-inch margins. All sources should be referenced according to APA or MLA format. Format will constitute 10 % of the paper grade. This paper is not to exceed eight pages in length, this does not include the title or reference pages.

The turnitin.com information for this class is: CRJU325Sp08; class ID#: 2229451; enrollment password: women.

This paper is due April 14, 2008 at the beginning of class. This paper is worth 20% of your final grade. Note: Please make sure to keep a separate copy of all your papers that has been turned in for a grade.

Interview Paper: Each student in class is to interview a woman who was born in1945 or prior. During the interview students are to ask specific questions of their choice on three topics. All three topics must be covered in the interview and the subsequent paper based on the interview. These three topics include: (1) employment for women, (2) domestic violence/sexual assault and (3) women’s rights and women in political office. Example questions include, “How has employment opportunities changed for women since you were a young adult?” “What was the opinion of domestic violence in the late 1950s and early 1960s?” “Did the women’s movement in the 1970s impact you personally?” Students are also to include basic background information on their subject (place of birth, year of birth, martial status, etc…). This should be summary of the interview and not in the format of question/answer. More details on this paper will be discussed in class. This paper is not to exceed eight pages in length. This paper is worth 15% of your final grade.

Safety Plan: Research shows that often the most dangerous time for a domestic violence victim is when she leaves the relationship. Taking this very important point into consideration, students in this class will be designing a safety plan for a fictitious domestic violence victim. Students will work in teams of two to four humans. While the team will receive a grade on the project, peer evaluations will be used to adjust each individual's grade on the project. More details on this project will be discussed in class. This project is worth 5% of the student’s grade.

SUBMISSION OF ASSIGNMENTS Assignments are to be submitted at the beginning of class on the day they are due, papers submitted after the beginning of class are LATE and will be penalized. With the exception of in class assignments, all assignments must be TYPED, unless instructed otherwise. There will be no make up for in class assignments and pop quizzes.

Two copies of the criminology and film paper and the interview paper and safety plan must be provided to the instructor on the due date. A hard copy must be received by the beginning of class on the due date. The second copy must be submitted by the end of the day. One copy must be a hard copy, and the second must be submitted by e-mail to Turnitin.com. Both copies must be received on the due date. Failure to provide two copies on the due date will result in a deduction.

Late Papers

4 If your paper is not turned in on or before the due date, it will be marked down. Each day that the paper is late will result in a five point deduction from the total score. After seven days, the assignment is worth 0 points. Additionally, when you turn in a late paper you must turn it in to the Criminal Justice Department Coordinator or hand it to the professor personally (before class begins), so that the date and time can be noted on the paper. Please note: I will not accept any papers that are left under my office door.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR E-MAIL and ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION When sending any message, be sure to include your first and last names, and CRJU 325 in the subject heading to ensure you mail is received and reviewed.

As stated above, one copy of the position paper must be submitted in electronic form by e-mail. In order to ensure receiving full credit, the student MUST following specific directions. These directions will be given in class and posted on my website: www.csub.edu/~dhall.

RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STUDENTS

Academic Integrity The principles of truth and integrity are recognized as fundamental to a community of teachers and scholars. The University expects that both faculty and students will honor these principles and in so doing will protect the integrity of all academic work and student grades. Students are expected to do all work assigned to them without unauthorized assistance and without giving unauthorized assistance. Faculty has the responsibility of exercising care in the planning and supervision of academic work so that honest effort will be encouraged and positively reinforced.

There are certain forms of conduct that violate the university’s policy of academic integrity. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY (CHEATING) is a broad category of actions that use fraud and deception to improve a grade or obtain course credit. Academic dishonesty (cheating) is not limited to examination situations alone, but arises whenever students attempt to gain an unearned academic advantage. PLAGIARISM is a specific form of academic dishonesty (cheating) which consists of the misuse of published or unpublished works of another by claiming them as one’s own. Plagiarism may consist of handing in someone else’s work, copying or purchasing a composition, using ideas, paragraphs, sentences, phrases or words written by another, or using data and/or statistics compiled by another without giving appropriate citation. Another example of academic dishonesty (cheating) is the SUBMISSION OF THE SAME, or essentially the same, PAPER or other assignment for credit in two different courses without receiving prior approval. When a faculty member discovers a violation of the university’s policy of academic integrity, the faculty member is required to notify the university’s Coordinator of Student Discipline and Judicial Affairs of the alleged violation, including the name(s) of the student(s) suspected, the class in which the alleged violation occurred, the circumstances of the alleged violation, and the evidence (including witnesses) supporting the allegation. The faculty member shall also formally notify the student(s) suspected of violating the university’s policy of academic integrity, the department chair, and the school dean. The Coordinator for Student Discipline and Judicial Affairs shall conduct an investigation, confer with the faculty member, student(s), and any witnesses identified, and review all evidence submitted by the faculty member and student(s). Normally, the Coordinator for Student Discipline and Judicial Affairs shall make a settlement agreement with the student for his/her first violation of academic integrity with the following sanctions: • Final course grade of “F” • one-year “academic probation” requiring a meeting with the Coordinator of Student Discipline and Judicial Affairs prior to registration for each subsequent academic term of the probationary year.

The settlement agreement for the first offense shall not be placed in the student’s permanent file.

5 If a second violation of academic integrity occurs, the student shall be suspended from CSUB for a minimum of one year. A third violation shall result in expulsion from the CSU for life. All suspensions and expulsions shall become a part of the student’s permanent record.

Under the Student Discipline Procedures, a student may appeal any sanction employed by the University regarding an allegation of violating the university’s policy of academic integrity. The initiation of the grievance must occur within fifteen (15) school days after notification by the Coordinator of Student Discipline and Judicial Affairs. Copies of these procedures are available in the offices of the school deans. The Dean of Undergraduate Studies serves as Coordinator of Student Discipline and Judicial Affairs, and his/her office coordinates all arrangements for the appeals (CSUB 2003-2005 Catalog, 57).

Academic Freedom Freedom to pursue truth and to achieve personal and intellectual development is essential to CSUB’s community of scholars. The University is firmly committed to such freedom for both students and faculty.

For the achievement of academic freedom, a necessary condition for such pursuit is an acceptance of the spirit of inquiry and appreciation for diverse ideas, viewpoints, cultures, and life-styles. Acceptance must be present both in the classroom and in other areas of the campus. The achievement of academic freedom, however, must occur within a respect for law and the protection of the opinions and dignity of others (CSUB 2003-2005 Catalog, 57).

Classroom Conduct The classroom is essential for the achievement of academic freedom, the pursuit of truth, and the development of students. Because of its importance, students as they enter the classroom must exhibit respect for the views of others, the professionalism of the instructor, and the goals of academic freedom.

Faculty are obligated to recognize and respect student diversity and opinion. Yet they have a fundamental responsibility to uphold the integrity of the learning environment. When confronted by unreasonable disruption of the classroom, faculty are expected to initiate actions to correct such conditions. Such actions can result in disciplinary action ranging from removal from the classroom to suspension from the campus (CSUB 2003-2005 Catalog, 57).

Lectures and discussions are most effective when there are minimal distractions and interruption. As such students should be sensitive to the following issues. Students should arrive to class prior to the scheduled start of class. Students should refrain from leaving class during lecture. Cellular telephone and pages should be turned off during lecture and examinations unless approved by the instructor.

Missing Exams and Make-ups There are no make-ups for in-class writing assignments and pop-quizzes in this course. However, should a student be forced to miss an exam they must contact the professor within 24 hours of the scheduled exam. If the absence is for another reason other than extreme illness or family emergency it is up to the professor's discretion to allow a make-up exam. All students are required to complete the final exam for a passing grade in this course.

Precautionary Disclaimer The schedule for this course is subject to change in the event of extenuating circumstances. If changes must be made, you will be notified. Notice given during class is considered proper notice.

6 COURSE SCHEDULE

DATE TOPIC READINGS 03/24/08 Introduction & the emergence of gender in criminology none

03/26/08 The emergence of gender in criminology Muraskin & Rosen articles

03/28/08 Critiquing criminological theories Belknap article

03/31/08 Holiday – Ceasar Chavez’s birthday

04/02/08 Critiquing criminological theories Belknap article (continued)

04/04/08 Critiquing criminological theories Broidy article

04/07/08 Frequency and nature of female offending Grana article

04/09/08 Frequency and nature of female offending Bennett article

04/11/08 Processing female offenders Bush-Baskette article

04/14/08 Criminalization of the filicidal maternal body West article Prostitution paper due

04/16/08 Jeopardy

04/18/08 Punishing and treating female offenders Warren article

04/21/08 Midterm

04/23/08 The image of the female victims Caputi article

04/25/08 Hooking up, alcohol & stress response Flack article

04/28/08 Rape and sexual assault Sanday article

04/30/08 Rape & sexual assault Sanday article (cont.)

05/02/08 Rape & sexual assault

05/05/08 Domestic Violence Project for Victims article

05/07/08 Domestic Violence Campbell article

05/09/08 Domestic Violence Blue Shield article

05/12/08 Femicide St. George articles

05/14/08 Female Genital Mutilation Asefa article

05/16/08 AIDS as mass femicide Russell article 7 Safety Plan Due

05/19/08 The death and rape of Darfur Hagan article

05/21/08 The death and rape of Darfur Hagan article

05/23/08 Rape in the Congo Green article Interview Paper Due

05/26/08 Holiday – Memorial Day

05/28/08 Honor killings and acid throwing

05/30/08 Jeopardy

06/02/08 Femicide in Mexico & Guatemala

Final Exam: Thursday, June 5th 11:00 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.