Basic Science & Technology, Vol 1 - Equipment

BASIC SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

EQUIPMENT LISTS

Contents:

1. Suggested everyday materials (for teachers or students to obtain or borrow locally)

2. Suggested Basic Science Kit (to purchase if money is available)

3. Additional Science Equipment (to purchase if extra money is available)

Module-by-module equipment listings are available as a separate document

1 1. Suggested everyday materials (for teachers or students to obtain or borrow locally)

This list is not exhaustive. Teachers are encouraged to use appropriate local examples, objects and specimens of their own choice to illustrate particular lessons. Materials are listed in the order in which they first appear in the text book. Separate module-by-module lists are available elsewhere on the BS&T website.

A. Non-consumables Rulers (cm, mm) Soft drinks bottles (some with labels) Plastic bottles (all shapes, sizes; some cut up to make containers, funnels) Tins (for containers and to cut up for metal strips) Scissors (strong enough to cut up cardboard, plastic bottles etc) Digital wrist watch Local beam balance (with standard masses) Kitchen scales (to read up to 2 kg) Jars - glass or plastic (for keeping things, collecting animals for observation) Container to boil water Small stove or source of heat - hot enough to boil water in or near the classroom One or two old plates One or two old drinking glasses Teaspoons - plastic and metal Corks to fit plastic bottles, and some way to make a hole to insert a plastic tube Clear plastic tube, about 1 m A few clothes pegs Plastic buckets and bowls A few iron nails, different sizes Cardboard box with graph paper and clear plastic tube attached to make a u-tube manometer (see Module 3.9) A few small blocks of wood L and T joints for water pipes Old water tap (to dismantle) Spanner - adjustable (to dismantle tap) Collection of labels taken from agricultural fertilisers, pesticides etc Loudspeakers from old radios, sound systems (contain strong magnets) Home made battery holder to hold two U2 cells (see Module 4) Insulated electric wires Two or three 2.5v torch bulbs, with bulb holders if possible Old cells, batteries of as many different kinds as possible (to show students) Old electric switches (to take apart) Torches Magnets and/or steel objects to magnetise (including large needle) Flat cork or piece of bark (to make floating compasses) Maps, local and world Razor blades (for dissecting flower parts, stripping wire etc) Bicycle pump Syringes (old ones without needles) Rubber plunger (for clearing drains/toilets - as example for air pressure) Old fertiliser bags (empty or with some fertiliser remaining) Medium sized dark rock (to heat up as a source of radiant heat) Mirror Flutes and whistles of various kinds Guitar, and home made stringed instruments Home made xylophone Publicity material for blood donation (from Health Authorities) Knife with steel blade and wooden handle Marbles or small round fruits etc (for kinetic theory models) Tray (for kinetic theory model)

2 Tooth picks (for making atomic models with fruits) Rope (for tug of war) Spring balances (any available) Soft modelling clay (or plasticine) Short, smooth plank wood (with eye at one end for towing) Party toy that uncurls when blown into Valve(s) from car or bicycle tyres Pulleys, any available Long smooth plank of wood (for inclined plane) Screwdriver, blade type Screws, bolts and nuts, assorted Books with relevant stories & pictures (animals, plants, technology, science etc) Relevant pictures & maps, eg cut out from magazines, printed from the internet Old air-conditioner with outer case removed Samples of peat and coal Wide range of plastic items Wide range of items of different metals Ball Home made catapult Any available parts from an internal combustion engine Bicycle or old bicycle pedal attached to wheel Old electric motors, toys with electric motors etc Old alternator from car or truck Old dynamo from bicycle Male and female condoms Local growth charts for babies Local vaccination record cards Local health posters Protractor Key ring Iron rod Old low voltage bell or buzzer for demonstration Local domestic electric wiring showing colour coding Local electric plugs Local domestic electric fuses and trip switches (circuit breakers) Wooden struts and clear plastic sheeting and (to make model greenhouse) Old X-ray photographs Items bearing recycling symbol(s) Pictures (from magazines, websites etc) as specified in module-by-module lists.

3 B. Consumables (need to be replaced when used up) Graph paper (cm, mm) Cotton wool or toilet paper Newspaper, a few sheets Methylated spirits (alcohol fuel) Rubber bands (different shapes and sizes) Sewing thread Table salt Cooking oil Table sugar Jar of sand Aluminium kitchen foil (small amount only) Torch batteries (U2 cells) Iron filings or magnetic black sand 10 or more steel pins, paper clips or drawing pins Drinking straws One or two short candles Matches Jar of small coral pieces Vinegar (1 litre bottle) (alternative to hydrochloric acid for making carbon dioxide) Aerosol can (eg insecticide) Builder’s lime (hydrated lime) [to make lime water (see ‘Activities’ Module 6.5)] ‘Betadine’ (povidone iodine solution) [a few drops in 20 ml water for starch tests] Small piece of greaseproof paper or airmail paper (for pin hole camera) Food colouring or red ink (for staining xylem and phloem) Lubricating oil String Various organs of sheep, goat or similar mammal from a local butchery (Chapter 12) Old fibreglass kit (including resin, hardener and glass mat or fibre)

Any lead compound (ask builder/plumber for red lead (Pb3O4) or white lead (PbCO3)) Aerosol can (with air freshener or any other safe contents) Specimens of local flora and fauna as specified in module-by-module lists below Soap and clean towel Plasters or band-aids Locally preferred disinfectants (Jay’s Fluid, Pine, Bleach etc) Locally preferred antiseptics (Savlon, Dettol, etc) Locally preferred medicines as suggested in module-by-module notes below Strips of polythene and other plastics for electrostatics (cut off from larger objects) Range of old and borrowed domestic electrical appliances

4 2. Suggested Basic Science Kit (to purchase if money is available)

Materials are listed in the order in which they first appear in the text book. Quantities are not suggested for most items as these will depend on class size and other local circumstances. All the items listed can be used in a normal classroom (except for concentrated hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and caustic soda which should only be used in a room with a sink and a plentiful supply of water – dilute solutions of these substances can be used in the classroom for demonstrations only). Remember that a successful demonstration is better than an unsuccessful class activity.

Unit Total Quantity Description cost cost Folding hand lenses (x 8 or x 10) (as set of 5) Large hand lens (5 - 7 cm diameter) Tape measure (5 m) Graph paper (cm, mm) Measuring cylinder (100 ml) Local-type beam balance Standard masses 100g, 200 g, 500 g, 1 kg, 10 kg Kitchen scales (to weigh up to 2 kg) Laboratory thermometer, -10 to 110 degrees C (as set of 2) Clinical thermometer Beaker, Pyrex, squat - 250 ml (as set of 4) Stand, tripod (1 for demonstrations only) Gauze square for above (1 for demos only) Burner, spirit (methylated spirit) (1 for demos only) Stand, retort (including base, rod, boss and clamp) (as set of 3) Test tubes (150 x 25 mm) (as set of 10) Rubber bung No 23 (for test tube) 1 hole for 6 mm glass tube shown below* Rubber bung, No 23, solid (as set of 5) Glass tubing, 6 mm diam x 1m length File, triangular, small, for cutting 6mm glass tubing Methylated spirit, (denatured alcohol, fuel alcohol) Copper sulphate (500 g) Funnel - plastic (about 7 cm diameter with end to fit 6mm id plastic tubing) Filter paper (10 cm diam, medium grade) Plastic tube, clear, (2 m x 6 mm internal diameter) Cobalt chloride paper Mirror, small, plane Water tap, domestic (as used locally) Water pipe, domestic (as used locally) L-joint for local domestic water pipe T-joint for local domestic water pipe Bar magnets, alnico, N pole marked (pair of) Bulbs - flashlight, screw type, 2.5v U2 cells, 1.5 v Connecting wire, plastic covered, for simple electricity experiments Battery clip to hold 2 U2 cells Bulb holder, for 2.5V screw in torch bulbs Crocodile clips, small (for making electrical connections) Compass, small (showing at least intercardinal points) Plotting compasses, small, set of 5 Iron filings Scalpel, set of 3 Syringe (50 ml) Plunger (for clearing sinks) Potassium permanganate (500 g) Glass or mineral wool, 100 g

5 Conical flask, pyrex - 250 ml (set of 2) Rubber bung** for conical flask, 1 hole + 6 mm glass tube shown below** Hydrochloric acid, 1l (add 90 ml to water and dilute to 1l for dilute HCl)**** Lime (as builder's lime or hydrated lime - calcium hydroxide) 1 kg Silica gel (100 g) Rubber bung*** for conical flask, 2 holes+6 mm glass tubes shown below*** 'Betadine' (povidone iodine) or other solution of iodine, 20 ml Set of 3 matched rods for conductivity experiment - iron, copper and glass Vaseline, 100g Ball and ring apparatus (for showing thermal expansion) Bimetal strip, for demonstration Glass or clear plastic block (for showing refraction) Glass or clear plastic prisms (to show dispersion of light) (as set of 2) Colour filters, set of 3 (red, blue, green) Convex lenses (about 30 cm focal length) Concave lens (about 30 cm focal length) Chart of human eye Tuning forks, 256 and 512 Hz Chart of human ear Chart of human circulatory system and heart Capillary tubing, glass, 6 mm outside diameter x 10 cm Red ink or food colouring Magnesium ribbon, 50 g Zinc oxide, 100 g Ammonium dichromate, 250 g Spring balance, 1 kg (10 N) (as set of 5) Spring balance, 10 kg (100 N) Bathroom scales, kg (or N) scale Modelling clay or plasticine, 250 g Single pulleys, single wheel in block with attachments both ends Double pulleys. Two wheels in block with attachments both ends Litmus paper (red and blue) Universal indicator (with colour chart) Sodium hydroxide, 500 g (dissolve 40 in 1 litre of water for dilute NaOH)****

Sulphuric acid, 1l (very slowly add 30 ml to 1l water for dilute H2SO4)**** Copper oxide, 100 g Araldite rapid (or other two-part epoxy glue) Agar plates Ammeter (0 – 2 amps) Voltmeter (0 – 5 or 10 volts) Constantan wire, 0.4 mm (28 gauge) and one other thickness (gauge) Nichrome wire, 0.4mm (28 gauge)

**** Concentrated hydrochloric acid and solid sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) can be obtained from most hardware stores; concentrated or dilute sulphuric acid may be available from major garages. Quantities for making * dilute solutions are given in the table above. DANGER! DO NOT handle concentrated hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and solid sodium hydroxide unless you are qualified - and also feel confident about doing so. Always handle these substances with extreme care, and only in a sink or similar facility. Ensure that a plentiful supply of water and cloths are available to deal with any spillage. Any spills, and any contact with eyes, skin or clothing, must be flushed away immediately with large quantities of water. Flushing may need to be repeated and to continue for some time. These precautions apply to the dilute as well as the concentrated solutions. ** ***

6 3. Additional Science Equipment (to purchase if extra money is available)

Materials are listed in the order in which they first appear in the text book. Quantities are not suggested for most items as these will depend on local circumstances. All the items listed can be used in a normal classroom and a few of the more expensive ones could be shared between neighbouring schools. Remember that a successful demonstration may be better than an unsuccessful class activity.

Unit Total Number Description cost cost Microscope (objectives x10, x40, eye pieces x4, x10, mirror as light source) Slides for microscope above Cover slips for slides above Measuring cylinder, 250 ml Measuring cylinder, 1000 ml Stop clock or stop watch Cheap electronic top pan balance (battery operated, e.g. up to 1 kg) Bunsen burner (1 for demonstration only) White spirit (mineral turpentine), 500 ml Separating funnel (1 for demos only) Distilling flask, Pyrex, 250 ml (1 for demos only) Liebig condenser (1 for demos only) Rubber bungs (as required to fit distilling flask and Liebig condenser) Water level apparatus (see Module 3.10) (1 for demos only) Thistle funnel (1 for demos only) Camping gas stove or similar (with spare cylinder, locally refillable) 2 matched heavy metal sheets, one black, the other shiny Flat sided Perspex block with section of convex lens Flat sided Perspex block with section of concave lens Model of human eye Model of human ear Tuning forks, 8 piece set 256 – 512 Hz Ear muffs (1 for demos only) Model of human heart Prepared slides of human blood cells, xylem, phloem, root hairs, stomata Bourdon gauge (1 for demos only) Aneroid barometer (1 for demos only) Hydraulic jack, small (1 for demos only) Binoculars (any) Globe of the Earth Wall map of the world Model(s) and/or wall chart(s) showing the internal organs of the human body Models and/or wall charts showing respiratory, digestive and other systems Simple models and/or wall charts of atoms, atomic structure, molecules etc Wall chart of acids and bases and their uses Samples of lignite (brown coal) and anthracite Simple wall chart of plastics Wall chart of the blast furnace Wall chart of the electrolytic smelting of alumina Malvern energy conversion kit (or part kit including motor/dynamo unit) Small electric immersion heater Wall chart internal combustion engine Wall chart of DC electric motor Wall charts of different kinds of power stations Prepared slides of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and appropriate parasitic organisms (for microscope or projector) Wall chart showing the role of blood in protecting us from disease. World maps showing distribution of diseases especially malaria and AIDS

7 Wall charts of rocket and jet engine Van de Graff generator Large magnet (eg yoke with ferrite poles) – for motor effect and induction Wall charts and timelines of early history of Earth and of life on Earth. Wall charts and timelines showing the evolution and spread of humans. Wall charts about the greenhouse effect and global warming. Wall charts of conservation and sustainable and non-sustainable activities Samples of important minerals eg haematite, bauxite, chalcopyrite, limestone