145 Coded Data Field: Medium of Performance

UNIMARC Manual 1 145

145 CODED DATA FIELD: MEDIUM OF PERFORMANCE

Field definition This field gives details of the instruments and/or voices, devices and other performers which make up a musical work.

Occurrence Optional. Repeatable.

Indicators Indicator 1: Arrangement indicator This indicator shows whether the field describes the original or the arranged medium of performance. 0 original composition 1 arranged composition Indicator 2: Alternative medium indicator This indicator shows whether the field describes a medium of performance that can be used in place of another occurrence of the field. # not applicable 1 alternative medium of performance

Subfields $a Type of performance medium A one-character code defines the type of performance medium. Optional. Not repeatable a = vocal a capella music (EX 15) b = instrumental music (EX 1-2, 9-10, 16-19) c = vocal-instrumental music (EX 3, 5-7, 8, 13, 14) d = electroacoustic music e = electroacoustic-mixed music (EX 4, 8, 11-12) u = undefined, variable $b Instrument/voice, conductor, other performer or device Each repeated $b subfield contains an eight-character code indicating a voice or instrument category and the total number of real parts for that category. Use the

UNIMARC Bibliographic, 3rd edition 2008 UNIMARC Manual 2 145

abbreviations listed in Code list A/1-9, A/12-13, maintained by the IAML (International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres) and available online at http://www.iaml.info/en/activities/cataloguing/unimarc/medium. For suffixes use codes from Code List B-C, also maintained by the IAML and available online at the same address. Optional. Repeatable. $c Type of ensemble Each repeated $c subfield contains an eight-character code indicating one type of vocal/instrumental ensemble and only the total number of that type of ensemble. Use the abbreviations listed in Code list A/10-11. For suffixes use codes reported in Code list B-C. Optional. Repeatable. (EX 2-3, 5-9, 14-15, 19). Subfields $b and $c fixed-length data elements:

Name of Data Element Number of Characters Character Positions No. of instruments or voices 2 (with leading zero) 0-1 Type of instrument or voice 3 (see Code list A) 2-4 Suffix 3 (see Code list B-C) 5-7

If the number in positions 0-1 is not determined use "uu" $d Group within larger ensemble Each repeated $d subfield contains an eight-character code describing one vocal/instrumental ensemble included in a larger ensemble, the number of voices/instruments and the sequential/progressive number of that ensemble. Use the abbreviations listed in Code list A/10-11. For suffixes use codes reported in Code list B-C. Optional. Repeatable. (EX 13-15). Subfield $d fixed-length data elements:

Name of Data Element Number of Characters Character Positions No. of real parts of ensemble 2 (with leading zero) 0-1 Type of ensemble 3 (see Code list A) 2-4 Suffix 3 (see Code list B-C) 5-7

If the number in positions 0-1 is not determined use "uu" $e Number of parts Each repeated $e subfield contains a four-character code indicating the total number of real parts indicated in the suffix. For suffixes use codes reported in Code list D. Optional. Repeatable. (EX 1-3, 5-16, 21). $f Number of players Each repeated $f subfield contains a four-character code indicating the total number of players for the parts indicated in the suffix. For suffixes use codes reported in Code list D. Optional. Repeatable. (EX 4, 9, 11, 13-14, 20). Subfield $e-f fixed-length data elements:

Name of Data Element Number of Characters Character Positions

No. of instruments or voices 3 (with leading zero) 0-2 Suffix 1 (see Code list D) 3

If the number in positions 0-2 is not determined use "uuu"

Notes on field contents The degree of detail of the field may vary according to the local practice, i.e. all instruments playing in the orchestra may or may not be specified (EX 1, 2, 9, 13). The most common examples of non-detailed indication are percussion instruments in ensemble: sometimes only a close analysis of the score allows specification of all instruments; in such cases the indication will more likely be limited to the number of percussion players (EX 13, 14). Pertinence of instruments to "families" in code lists is specified by the first character of the three-letter code. The code "a" in subfield $b/7 to indicate solo should be used to differentiate a soloist in opposition with an accompanying ensemble, be it a choir, an orchestra or a chamber ensemble (EX 2-3, 5-7, 13-14, 18-19). The order of subfields and of repetitions is in principle not relevant, except when $b/7 or $c/7 refers to a preceding occurrence of the same subfield, i.e. has the value of "c" or "d". Subfield $d may be used to indicate groups within the main ensemble, such as percussion, choirs, etc., in particular when the cataloguing agency needs to define every instrument or voice taking part in that group (EX 13). Subfield $e indicates the number of real parts defined in position 3. Subfield $f indicates the number of players for the voices/instrumental family defined in position 3. It is recommended to limit its use to indicate a number of players different from that of real parts, when this distinction is relevant.

Related fields 128 CODED DATA FIELD: FORM OF MUSICAL WORK AND KEY OR MODE Field 145 replaces obsolete subfields 128 $b and $c 302 NOTES PERTAINING TO CODED INFORMATION This note may contain details such as use of different instruments by one performer or pertinence of single instruments to different groups within larger ensembles, etc. 500 UNIFORM TITLE

Examples EX 1: 145 0#$ab$b01svl###$b01kpf### 200 1#$aSonata for violin and piano in D

In more detail may be defined as follows: 145 0#$ab$b01svl###$b01kpf###$e001s$e001k$e002a EX 2: 145 0#$ab$b01wfl##a$b02svl###$b01sva###$b01svc###$c01ost###$e001w$e004s $e005i 145 1#$ab$b01wfl##a$b01kpf###$e002i 500 1#$aConcertos$rfor flute and strings$wArr. A flute concerto arranged for flute and piano; note that flute remains coded as solo also in the arranged version of the field, unlike piano that plays the accompaniment. In a less detailed way may be coded as follows: 145 0#$b01wfl##a$c01ost### 145 1#$b01wfl##a$b01kpf### EX 3: 145 0#$ac$b02vso##a$c01oun###$e002l$e001o 145 1#$b02vso##a$b01kpf###$e002l$e001k 200 1#$aNella Didone Duetto Sei vinto, e pur non sai Del Sig.r Ferdinando Paer Ridotto a due voci e pianoforte A manuscript of a vocal opera duo arranged for voices and piano. In the first occurrence of field 145 the instruments of the orchestra are not listed because they are not in the cataloguer's hand. EX 4: 145 0#$b02wfl###$b02wob###$b02wcl###$b04wba###$b06bho###$b04btr### $b04btb###$b24svl###$b08sva###$b08svc###$b08sdb###$b01eta###$c03oie###$f0 72a Luigi Nono's Per Bastiana Tai-Yang Cheng, L'Oriente è rosso, pour bande magnétique et trois groupes instrumentaux (instruments in 3 groups, 72 performers). String instruments play in real parts, each one having a different line. Pertinence of every single instrument to each instrumental group is not defined. If you define in greater detail the pertinence of each instrument to a group and total instruments of every family, the field will be coded as follows: 145 0#$ae$b02wfl##1$b02wcl##1$b04btr##1$b08svl##1$b08sva##1$b02wba##2 $b06bho##2$b16svl##2$b02wob##3$b02wba##3$b04btb##3$b08svc##3$b08sdb##3 $b01eta###$d24oie##1$d24oie##2$d24oie##3$e010w$e014b$e048s$e001e$f072a EX 5: 145 0#$ac$b01vso##a$b01val##a$b01vte##a$b01vbs##a$b01vso###$b01val### $b01vte###$b01vbs###$b02woa###$b02svl###$b01sva###$b01mco###$c01cmi### $c01och###$e004l$e004x$e002w$e003s$e001m$e006y$e014a Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Wohl dem, der sich BWV 139 for 4 solo voices, 4- voice choir, 2 oboe d'amore, 2 violins, viola and continuo. Number of instruments by family, total number of instruments and grand total coded only to detail the example in its highest degree.

EX 6 145 0#$ac$b02vso##a$b02val##a$b02vte##a$b02vbs##a$b01vcs##a$b02vso### $b02val###$b02vte###$b02vbs###$b04wfl###$b02wrea##$b04wob###$b04woa##d$ b02woh##d$b04svl###$b02sva###$b02svg###$b02svc###$b02sve###$b01kor###$b0 1kor###$b01khp##c$b02mco###$c02cmi###$c02ofu###$e009l$e008x$e010w$e012s $e002k$e002m$e026y Johann Sebastian Bach's Matthäuspassion BWV 244 according to the Bärenreiter BA5038 score. As total number of parts is coded and oboists play also oboe d'amore and oboe da caccia, the total number of woodwinds in $e is 10 instead of 16. A cembalo can be played instead of one organ. In less detail, this may be coded as follows: 145 0#$b02vso##a$b02val##a$b02vte##a$b02vbs##a$b01vcs##a$c02cmi### $c02ofu### EX 7: 145 0#$ac$b02vso##a$b01val##a$b01vct##a$b02vte##a$b02vbr##a$b01vcs##a $b01vso###$b01val###$b01vte###$b01vbs###$b01vcv###$b04wfl###$b02wre### $b04wob###$b04woa##d$b02woh##d$b02wba###$b04svl###$b02sva### $b02svg###$b02svc###$b02sdb###$b02kor###$b01qco###$b01qch###$c01cmi### $c01cch###$c01och###$e009l$e005x$e012w$e012s$e002k$e002q$e026y Johann Sebastian Bach's Matthäuspassion BWV 244 according to the Archiv Produktion 427648-2 CD recording. Two conductors (choir conductor and orchestral conductor) are recorded. As in EX 6, the number of wind instruments does not match the number of players (oboes, oboe d'amore and oboe da caccia are played by the same 4 players). EX 8: 145 1#$ae$b01vun##a$b02wsaa##$b02wsat##$b03btr###$b03btb###$b01kunx## $b01kpfx##$b01tgue##$b01tgube#$b01pds###$b01ptb###$b01pag###$b01pcg### $c01cun###$c01obi###$e004w$e006b$e002k$e002t$e004p$e001x$e018y$e019a Cacao meravigliao, a popular song as arranged for big band by Demo Morselli. According to what is written on the score, electronic keyboards are considered keyboard instruments. EX 9: 145 0#$ab$b02wfl###$b02wob###$b02wcl###$b02wba###$b02bho###$b02btr### $b01bop###$b01pti###$b02svl###$b01sva###$b01svc###$b01sdb###$c01ofu## $e008w$e005b$e005s$e001p$e019y 145 1#$b01kpfv##$e001k$f002a Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy's Ouverture zu Shakespeare's Sommernachtstraum Op.21 arranged for four hands piano. With less detail, this may be coded as follows: 145 0#$c01ofu### 145 1#$b01kpfv## EX 10: 145 0#$ab$b01wob###$b01svl###$b01sva###$b01svc###$e001w$e003s$e004i 200 1#$aQuartetto per oboe e archi A quartet for oboe and strings.

EX 11: 145 0#$ae$b01wflbf#$b01eea###$e001w$e001e$f001a 302 ##$amicro 200 1#$aArsis et Thesis, ou La Chanson du souffle$epour flûte basse en Ut sonorisée$fMichael Levinas A piece for amplified bass flute; electronic device is specified in a special note. EX 12: 145 0#$ab$b02wfl###$e002i 145 01$ae$b01wfl###$b01eta###$e002i 200 1#$aVoices$epour deux flûtes (ou pour flûte et bande magnétique)$fLaszlo Sary

A piece for two flutes or flute and tape. Each alternative is indexed in a separate instance of the 145 field; indicator 2 specifies the alternative medium. EX 13: 145 0#$ac$b01vwol##$b01wpi###$b01wflb#d$b01wsas##$b01wsab#d$b01kpfz## $b01ptt1#0$b01pmd##0$b01ptil#0$b01pbd##0$b01ptel#0$b03pcr##0$b01pcy##0 $b01pvi##0$b01sdb###$d02pun##0$e001l$e004w$e001s$e010p$e001k$e016y $f002w$f002p$f001k$f006a François Rossé's Cris de cerise; performers are: Voix grave féminine, flûte (piccolo et basse), saxophone (soprano et basse), piano (avec préparation), percussion (1 tom grave, 1 caisse claire, 1 timbale grave, 1 grosse caisse, 1 temple-block grave, 3 cymbales suspendues, 1 cymbale, 1 vibraphone, 1 archet de contrebasse) [two players], contrebasse. Highest possible coding. Performers playing more than one instrument coded as such; double bass bow is not codified because it is used in place of percussion sticks. Percussions are detailed as a group of two performers and as single instruments pertaining to a subgroup. Instruments and performers are detailed. The field may be coded with less detail as follows; in this instance percussions are coded in $b instead of $d because single percussion instruments are not detailed: 145 0#$b01vwol##$b01wpi###$b01wflb#d$b01wsas##$b01wsab#d$b01kpfz## $b02pun###$b01sdb### EX 14: 145 0#$ac$b01vso##a$b01vms##a$b01vte##a$b01vbr##a$b01vso##1$b01vso##1 $b01vms##c$b01vct##1$b01vte##c$b01vte##1$b01vbr##c$b01vbr##1$b01vbs##1 $b01vct##c$b01vso##2$b01vms##2$b01val##c$b01vte##2$b01vbr##2$b01vbs##2 $b01tgu##a$b01svc##a$b03wfl###$b02wob###$b02wcl###$b01wclb##b$b02wba### $b01wdb###$b04bho###$b03btr###$b03btb###$b01btu###$b01kpf###$b01tha### $b01pti##3$b01pbd##3$b01pmd##3$b01ptr##3$b01pboh#3$b01ptt##3$b01pbl##4 $b01pcw##4$b01pab##4$b01ptl##4$b01pcth#4$b01pji##4$b01mwh##4$b01pbpp#4 $b01pbpg#4$b01phh##4$b01pcrl#4$b02pgol#4$b01pgl##5$b01pxy##5$b01pvi##5 $b01pwh##5$b01pgu##5$b01pwo##5$b01pcv##5$b01pmcl#5$c01owi### $d06cve##1$d05cmi##2$d01pun##3$d01pun##3$d01pun##4$d01pun##5$e010l $e005x$e002j$e011w$e011b$e001k$e001t$e025p$e049y$e015v$e051i$f010l$f002j $f003p$f005p$f027y$f048x Sylvano Bussotti's The Rara requiem for four voices, ensemble of six vocal soloists, 5- voice choir (48 singers), solo guitar and cello, wind orchestra, piano, harp and percussions (3 or 5 players). Following the indications of the score, each smaller group in the ensemble is defined; the three percussion players are defined as three separate groups; total number of choir singers and alternative solo voices are specified. Prescribed percussion players may be 3 or 5.

EX 15: 145 0#$aa$b01vso##1$b01val##1$b01vte##1$b01vbs##1$b02vte##2$b01vbs##2 $b03vcv##3$c03cun###$d04cmi##1$d03cme##2$d03cch##3$e010x A piece for three choirs: choir 1 for soprano, alto, tenor, bass; choir 2 for two tenors and bass, choir three for three boys voices. All voices and groups are defined. EX 16: 145 0#$ab$b01wfl###$b01svl##c$b01wob##c$b01mco###$e002i A piece for flute or violin or oboe and continuo. EX 17 (converted from former field 128-EX 1) 128 ##$afg# 145 0#$ab$b03tgu### 200 1#$aFour fugues for guitar trio EX 18 (converted from former field 128-EX 2) 128 ##$avr# 145 0#$ab$b01kpf### 145 0#$ab$b01kpf###$b01svl##a$b01svc##a 145 0#$ab$b01kpf###$b01svl##a$b01sva##a$b01svc##a 200 1#$aVariations for solo piano, piano trio and piano quartet In field 128, EX2 violin, viola and cello are coded as solo instruments. EX 19 (converted from former field 128-EX 3) 128 ##$aco#$ddm 145 0#$ab$b02wfl##a$c01ost### 200 1#$aConcerto for two flutes & string orchestra in D minor In the former field 128 EX 3, the agency considered it unnecessary to state that there is only one orchestra; converting the example, the number 01 in 145 $c has been added by default. EX 20: 145 0#$ab$b01wrea##$b01svl##c$b01mco###$b01svc###$b01kun###$f003i Jean-Baptiste Loeillet de Gant's Sonaten op. 4, n° 4-6, für Altblockflöte oder Violine und Basso continuo (Heinrichshofen's Verlag). Continuo realized for unspecified keyboard, cello part added, thus total performers coded as 3. EX 21: 145 0#$b01kpf###$b02svl###$b01sva###$b01svc###$b01muib##$b02wfl##b $b02bho##b$e006i$e010i 200 1#$aVariations pour le pianoforte avec accomp.t de deux violons, viola, violoncelle et basse (deux flûtes et cors ad libitum) op.97$fJ.N. Hummel Subfield $e repeated to match the use or not of ad libitum instruments.

CODE LISTS Code lists are maintained and updated by IAML (International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres) and available online at the following address: http://www.iaml.info/en/activities/cataloguing/unimarc/medium The lists show a definition term and several other terms using the same code, without distinction between: – similar instruments, voices or devices having the same code; – definition in other language(s); – orthographical variants.

Instruments needing a suffix are shown only when they have a specific name in any language. Chronological, organological or language specifications are added in brackets if strictly necessary. The pitch of the instruments is specified when necessary (e.g.: A, Bb, F). A Codes for fields 145 subfields $b-$d, positions 2-4 1. Voices 2. Woodwinds 3. Brass instruments 4. Strings, bowed 5. Strings, plucked 6. Keyboard 7. Percussion 8. Electric / electronic instruments and devices 9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified instruments 10. Choruses: 11. Orchestras, ensembles 12. Conductors 13. Other performers

1.Voices 1.Voices Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants val alto alt boy's voice altus knabenstimme contralto voce bianca voce di fanciullo vbr baritone bariton voce infantile baritono voix enfantine baryton vma man's voice voce maschile vbs bass bajo voix d'homme bas basse vms mezzosoprano mezzo (En.) basso mezzo-soprano bassus vrc reciting child's voce bianca recitante vca child alto alto enfant voice voix parlée enfant boy alto vre reciting voice Narrator contralto voce bianca récitant knabenalt recitante vcl contratenor altus contra altus sprechrolle storico vcs child soprano boy soprano testo knabensopran text soprano enfant voce recitante soprano voce bianca vrm reciting man's voce recitante uomo vct countertenor contra voice voix parlée homme contratenor vrw reciting voce recitante donna controtenore woman's voice voix parlée femme haute-contre vso soprano cantus vcv child voice boy singer descant

1.Voices 2. Woodwinds Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants dessus tibia discanto wba bassoon bajon discantus basson diskant bassono sopran choristfagott superius fagot tiple fagott treble fagotto vte tenor tenore wbh basset-horn basset-horn vun voice – canto bassetthorn unspecified chant (Fr.) cor de basset part corno di bassetto parte wbn bassanello partie stimme wbp bagpipe biniou (Fr.) voce bladder pipe voix blaterpfife vox bock voz cornamusa cornemuse vvg vagans dudelsack vwo woman's voice voce femminile gaita voix de femme piva piva a vescica vzz voice – other platerpfeife high voice use suffix: vunh platerspiel hohe stimme sackpfeife voce acuta vesica voix haute vèze zampogna (with bag) medium voice use suffix. vunm zampoña voce media voix moyenne wch chalumeau calimiau chalemiau low voice use suffix: vunl chalimo tiefe stimme chalimou voce grave chalumeau voix grave mock trumpet recorded voice use suffix: vunk salmò voce registrata salmoè voix enregistrée schalamaux schalumò voice – ethnic use suffix: vuny shalamo wcl clarinet clarinete 2. Woodwinds clarinette Code Definition Notes clarinetto Other definitions, klarinette language terms, wcm ciaramella calandrone variants cennamella wau aulos diaulos cornamusina doppio aulos dulzaina

2. Woodwinds 2. Woodwinds Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants oboe degli abruzzi wfa flauto d'amore flûte d'amour zampogna (without bag) wfg flageolet akkordflöte wcr cromorne cornamuto torto chord flute cromorno ciufolo crumhorn flageolett krumb horn flageoletto krummhorn wfi fife feldpfeife orlo (Sp.) fiffaro pfiffenhorn fifre piva torta pifano storto piffaro sumberhorn piffero tournebout querpfeife wdb double bassoon bassono grosso wfl flute concert flute contrabajon cross flute contrabassoon fiauto contrafagote flauta contrebasson flauto controfagotto flauto alemano fagottone flauto traverso kontrafagott flöte wdp doppione fluta flûte wdu dulcian corthol flûte allemande curtaile flûte d'allemagne curtal flûte traversière curtal flutta curthol german flute curtoll grosse flöte dolçaine querflöte dolcesuono schweitzerpfeife dolcian schweizerpfeife dolciana transverse flute dolciano traversa dolzana traverse flute dolzian traversflöte dolzone traversiere double curtaile traversière dulciana traversiero dulcion traverso dulzian zwerchpfeiff kortholt (En.) wga tabor pipe chirula wdv dvojnice dvoinice flabiol dvoynice flautilla weh English horn cor anglais flaviol corno inglese flûte à trois trous englisches horn flutet englischhorn fluviol galoubet taille de hautbois holefloyte d'amour

2. Woodwinds 2. Woodwinds Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants holler cialamella holre cialamello pipe pumhart schwegel rauschpfeife tämerlinpfeife rausspfeife tammarinpfeife russ pfeife tammerinpfeife schalmei tämmerlinpfeife schalmey txistu shalme shalmie wge gemshorn cor de chamois shalmuse corno di camoscio shawm whp pibgorn hornpipe wpp panpipes ciufolo pibcorn fistola pibgorn flauta de pan wmo mouth organ organo a bocca flauto di pan orgue à bouche flauto pastorale wmu musette flauto policalamo flûte de pan wna ney nay flûte pastorelle woa oboe d'amore hautbois d'amour pandean pipes panflöte wob oboe french hautboy panpfeife hautbois siringa haut-bois syrinx hautboy hoboe wra racket cervelas cervelat woh oboe da caccia jagd-hautboy cervellato wald hautbois cornaldo wpi piccolo flautín cortaldi flauto piccolo cortale kleine flöte cortalli oktavflöte faustfagott ottavino rackett petite flûte rackettfagott pickelflöte racquette pikkoloflöte ragett ragget wpo pommer bombard rankett bombarda rogett bombarde stockfagott bombardo tartöld bombardone (before the tartölt 18th cent.) wurstfagott bombart bomhart wre recorder blockflöte calamello common flute chalemelle english flute chalemie flauste (Fr.) chalmeye flaute (Fr.) chirimia flauto a becco

2. Woodwinds 2. Woodwinds Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants flauto diritto quartino flauto dolce flautino use suffix: wflh flauto dritto flûte à bec bass flute use suffix: wflb flûte à neuf trous albisifono flûte d'angleterre albisiphon langsflöte flauto albisi schnabelflöte flauto basso (C) zartflöte flautone wro rothophone heckelphone use suffix: wobr wsa saxophone alto-fagotto tenor oboe use suffix: wobt sassofono haute-contre de hautbois sax taille de hautbois saxofon tenora (Sp.) use suffix: wpot saxofono tiple (Sp.) saxophon tenoroon use suffix: wbah wsh shakuhachi Shakuhashi basson quinte wsr sarruso-phone contrabbasso ad ancia caledonica contrabbasso da ancia fagottino contrebasse-à-anche fagotti-octavo flarmonicasarrusofono fagotti-quarto quintfagott tritonikon tenorfagott universal-kontrabass

wsu sordun courtaut 3. Brass instruments kortholtsordone sourdine (before the 17th Code Definition Notes cent.) Other definitions, language terms, wvu voce umana variants wun woodwind – holzbläser bah Alphorn alpenhorn unspecified instruments à vent en bois cor des alpes legni corno delle alpi strumentini stockbückel wzz woodwind – bbb bombardino flicorno baritono ( Bb) other saxhorn baryton (Bb, Fr.) saxtromba baryton (Bb, woodwind – use suffix: wuny Fr.) ethnic bbd bombardon basse impériale (F, Eb) bass clarinet use suffix: wclb basso in Fa basse-guerrière basso in Mib basse-orgue basstromba (Ger.) clarone bombardone (19th-20th batyphone use suffix: wcla cent.) bathyphone flicorno basso-grave (F, Eb) piccolo clarinet use suffix: wclh helicon contrabbasso (F, clarinetto in Lab Eb) clarinetto in Mib kaiserbass (F, Eb)

3. Brass instruments 3. Brass instruments Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants sousaphone basso (Eb) flicorno-cornetta gemelli bbh bersag horn Biucolo genis-tromba tromba da fanfara highamphone tromba dei bersaglieri lyrophone bbu bugle bugle baryton (Bb, Fr.) tuba-tromba bassa bugle horn beu euphonium baritone (Fr.) bugleret barítono (Sp.) clairon baroxyton cor buglèr baryton (Ger.) cor bugleret baryton en Sib corno segnale barytonhorn signalhorn baryton-tuba (Bb, Ger.) bca carnyx Karnyx basse à pistons Lituus basse en Sib (Fr.) bcb cimbasso trombone verdi basse impériale (C, Bb) bassflügelhorn bch cow horn corno di toro bombarda a quattro stierhorn pistoni bcl clarion Clarien bombardino (Sp.) clarin (Ger.) elicon (Bb) clarín (Sp.) eufonio clarino (Ger.) euphonikon clarino (It.) euphonion flicorno basso bco cornet cornet à piston helicon (Bb) corneta (19th-20th cent.) hellhorn cornetín kaiserbaryton cornetta kaiserbass (C, Bb) cornetta a pistoni phonikon cornetto (It., 19th-20th tenor tuba cent.) tenorbass (Ger.) echo cornet tenorbasshorn kornett tuba in Sib (19th cent.) ventilkornett bhh hunting horn cor de chasse (Fr.) bct cornett cornaboux If referred to corneta de monte (Sp.) cornet à bouquin orchestral horn corno da caccia (It.) corneta (18th cent. and code bho = cuerno de caza (Sp.) after) horn jagdhorn (Ger.) cornettino (17th cent. and jägerhorn after) tromba da caccia (It., cornetto (17th cent. and 18th cent.) after) trompa de caza cornetto muto trompe de chasse zink bho horn ballad horn bcu cornu chromatic horn bdx duplex Bb-C-clairon cor bombardino-trombone cor – solo dublophone cor à piston eufonio-trombone cor d'harmonie

3. Brass instruments 3. Brass instruments Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants cor simple bucina (antique) corno cor d'olifant corno a macchina olifante corno da tirarsi bop ophicleide basse à clefs corno francese basse d'harmonie corno naturale basso d'armonia french horn contrebasse d'harmonie heerhorn figle herhorn harmonie-kontrabass hiefhorn oficleide hifthorn ofleide horn omniton huchet ophikleide inventionshorn serpentcleide jäger trommet tuba-dupré konzerthorn okyavhorn bph post horn clarion (16. cent. and primhorn after) trompa (Sp.) cornet de poste trompe (Fr.) cornetta da postiglione ventilhorn corno di posta waldhorn posthorn wic-horn brh russian horn cor russe bht herald's trumpet bousine corno russo buisine bse serpent basse-cor busen basse-trompette busine basseuphonium buysine bass-euphonium buzine bass-horn chiarina basshorn (Ger.) fanfaren-trompete basson russe herolds-trompete basson serpent tromba d'araldo chromatic bass-horn tromba diritta chromatisches basshorn tromba duttile (19th corno basso cent.) corno di basso tromba lunga english bass-horn bkb keyed bugle amorschall fagotto russo bugle à clefs fagotto serpente cor à clefs hibernicon cornetta a chiavi ofibaritono corno a chiavi ophibariton kent bugle ophibaterion key bugle ophimonocleide klappenflügel-horn russian bassoon klappenhorn russisches basshorn royal kent bugle russisches fagott taille d'amour schlangenhorn trompette à clefs serpan blu lur serpent d'église serpent droit bol oliphant buccina (medieval)

3. Brass instruments 3. Brass instruments Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants serpent militaire btu tuba serpent-bassoon bvb valved bugle armeeposaune serpente bügelhorn serpenton bugle à piston serpentone cornett (Ger., 19th-20th bsh shofar chofar cent.) ram's horn fiscorno s`ofar flicorno schofar fliscorno shofar hajovel saxcorno saxhorn bsx salpinx saxhorno bta tuba (antique) saxtromba btb trombone bassaune sudrophone bimbonifono bwt Wagner tuba buccin trombone bun brass blechbläser posaune – sacabuche unspecified brass instruments sacbuto cuivres sackbut ottoni sacqueboute bzz brass – other saicqueboute saqueboute brass – ethnic use suffix: buny seykebuds contrabass use suffix: bopc shagbolt ophicleide kontrastbombardon shagbutt oficleide-monstre shakbushe bass trombone use suffix: btbb slide trombone quartposaune tromba contralta in Fa trombón quintposaune trombone a tiro contrabass use suffix: btbc trombone da tracolla trombone doppelposaune trompette saqueboute oktavposaune zugposune high trumpet use suffix: btrh btr trumpet chromatic trumpet clarintrompete clarino (Ger., 16th-18th cent.) bass tuba use suffix: btub echo trumpet basso tuba (Bb) inventionstrompete basstuba stopftrompete tuba (19th-20th cent.) tromba tuba in Sib (20th cent.) tromba a coulisse contrabass tuba use suffix: btuc tromba da tirare BBb bass tromba dell'aida tromba diritta (19th-20th alt cornett use suffix: bvba cent.) althorn (Ger.) trombeta alto en Mib (Fr.) trompeta baryton aigu trompete bugle alto (Fr.) trompette clavicor (Eb) valved trumpet clavicorno (Eb)

3. Brass instruments 4. Strings, bowed Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants elicon (Eb) sar arpeggione bogengitarre genis bowed guitar genis corno chitarra ad arco helicon (Eb) guitar violoncello mellophone guitare d'amour tenor cor guitarre-violoncell ténor en Mib (Fr.) streichguitarre tenor horn sba Baryton bardone tenor-tube (Eb, Ger.) viola di bardone tuba alto (Eb, D, Ger.) viola di bordone pelittone use suffix: bvbc viola paradon pellittone sbt Bassett bassel sousaphone contrabbasso basset (Bb) basso in Sib bassete elicon contrabbasso (Bb) bassettl (Austr.) helicon contrabbasso bassetto (Bb) bassl basso da camera pistonino use suffix: bvbn bierbass bugle soprano en Mib halbass (Fr.) kammerbass cornett piccolo (Eb, D, ger.) sbu Bumbass basse à boyau cornettino in Mib basse de flandre flicornino bladder and string petit bugle (Eb) bumbasz piston guimbarde à corde pistoncino scr crwth chrota oktav kornett use suffix: bvbp chrotta (Bb) petit saxhorn suraigu crot piccolo cornett (Ab, Bb) crott sopran cornett use suffix: bvbs crotta bugle (Fr.) croud flicorno (in band scores) crouth flugelhorn crouthe flügelhorn crowd cruit Bb baritone use suffix: bvbt crwthau baritone (En.) rhota bugle ténor (Bb, Fr.) rota clavicor (Bb) rote clavicorno (Bb) rotta emboliclave rotte saxhorn ténor (Bb, Fr.) tenorhorn (Ger.) tuba tenore

4. Strings, bowed 4. Strings, bowed Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants sdb double bass basse des italiens sny keyed fiddle kontrabassharpa basse-contre lökkelje contrabajo nyckelfiol contrabass nyckelgiga contrabbasso nyckelharpa contraviolon schlüsselfidel contrebasse silverbasharpa kontrabass viella a tasti string bass sob octobass basse gigantesque sfi fiddle, viol fedil octobasse (family) fedylle spo Kit canino fele kytte ffythele linterculus fidella poche fidula pochette fiedel pochetto fiele (En.) posch phidil sordina vialla sordino videl sourdine (17th-18th vidula cent.) vièle tanzmeistergeige viella taschengeige vielle vigel spv quinton pardessus de viole vihuela de arco quintone vithele vitula viula (Provenç.) sgu Gusle sli lira da braccio lira (to the 18th cent.) lira ad arco lira da spalla sln lirone accordo arceviolyra arciviola di lira arciviolata lira arciviolatalira lira (to the 18th cent.) lira ad arco lira da gamba lira doppia lira grande lirone perfetto lyra lyra perfecta lyre lyrone

4. Strings, bowed 4. Strings, bowed Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants sre Rebec giga svc cello bas de violon gigue bas viol de braccio rabé (Sp.) bass violin rabec basse de violon rabecq bass-geige rabel violoncel rebebe violoncell rebeca violoncelle rebecca violoncello rebeck violoncino rebecke svd viola d'amore arnolo rebecq english violet rebecquet liebesgeige rebecum viole d'amour rebekke violetta marina rebelle rebequin sve violone violon (Ger.) reberbe svg viola da gamba division viol rebesbe gamba ribeca gambe ribecca lyra bastarda ribibe lyra viol ribible viol robecq viola bastarda rubeba viola de gamba rubebe viole de gambe rubella svl violin geige rybybe soprano di viola da stm trumpet marine tromba marina braccio trombeta marina violine trompetengeige violino trompette marine violon (Fr.) trumscheit violono (Fr.) violitromba svp viola pomposa pomposa sva viola alto violino pomposo alto viola sun string – archets altopiano unspecified archi bratsche cordes taille (Fr.) instruments à archet tenor (En.) streicher tenor viola tenor violin (En.) szz string – other tenorgeige string – ethnic use suffix: suny viola da brazzo basse de viole use suffix: svgb viole (Fr., Ger.) violet quartegeige use suffix: svlh violetta

5. Strings, plucked 5. Strings, plucked Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, Variants Variants tal Archlute angel lute cetera (16th cent. and angelica after) angelika cetra (16th cent. and angélique after) archilaud chitarra inglese archiluth chitarra portuguese arcileuto chitarra tedesca arciliuto cister (16th cent. and basslaute after) liuto attiorbato cistra tat harp-psaltery ala (medieval) cistre arpa-citara citarino arpaneta cithara arpanetta cither arpanette cithern flügel (medieval) cithre harfenett cithren harpanetta citrinchen psaltery-harp citter spitzharfe citterlein cittharn tbb barbitos Barbiton cythar lira (antique) cytharino tbi biwa deutsche guitarre tbj banjo Bangio english guitar banjar erzcister banjer guitare allemande banjo zither guitare angloise banjolin guitarra portuguesa banza mandora (18th cent. and cavaquinho after) ramkie mandurria strum-strum sister zither banjo sistre terzina tbl balalaika balalajka zither (to the 18th cent.) tbo bouzouki buzuk zitrinchen zitter tch chitarrone citarone zitterlein erzlaute guitarron tcs colascione calchedon calichon tci cittern archcittern colachon archicetra colascioncino archicistre colasciontino arcicetera colocion arcicetra galizona bandola gallichone bandoura gallishon bandurria (Sp., Am.) bass cister tct citole cetera (to the 15th cent.) bijuga cither cetra (to the 15th cent.) cedra cetula

5. Strings, plucked 5. Strings, plucked Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, Variants Variants cistola lira chitarra citola lyra (19th-20th cent.) zitôl (Ger.) lyra guitar zitole lyre (19th-20th cent.) lyre anacréontique tcz cobza lyre-guitarre tgu guitar akkordgitarre tlu lute laúd bordelletto laut charango laute chitarra lauto chitarra battente leuto chitarra francese liuto chitarra spagnola luit chitarriglia luth chitarrino chiterna tma mandolin bandolin gitarre banjolin gittern liuto romano guitare mandolina guitare capucine mandoline guitare en bateau mandolino guitarra tmd mandore bandora guitarre bandürichen guitarrico mandoër guitarrillo mandoire guitarro mandola guittern mandolino lombardo klange mandolino milanese terzguitarre mandolle tha harp arpa mandora (to the 17th arpa a nottolini cent.) arpa a uncini mandorina arpa cromatica mandura arpa doppia mandürichen harfe orpharion harpe pandora lira barberina pandurina lyra barberina penorcon vandola thg hawaiian guitar chitarra hawaiana guitare hawaïenne tps psaltery gusli (Rus.) hawaiische gitarre (plucked) kantele steel guitar nebel psalter tkh kithara cithara (antique) psaltérion (Fr.) tko kora arpa-liuto psalterium saltari tlf lute (family) liuto (famiglia) saltere luth (famille) salterio tlg lyre-guitar anakreontische leier sautere apollo guitar sautier lira (19th-20th cent.) sautieron

5. Strings, plucked 5. Strings, plucked Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, Variants Variants tpx phorminx guitar basso elettrico fender bass tqa qanum guitare électrique basse tth theorbo theorb théorbe 6. Keyboard theorbo lute tiorba Code Definition Notes tiorbino Other definitions, tuorba language terms, tuorbe variants ttn tanbur tanburica kab archicembalo arcicembalo cembalo enarmonico tud 'ud ud cembalo omnicordo tuk ukulele clavecin parfait accord clavemusicum tvi vihuela biguela omnitonum cuatro clavicymbalum vihuela de mano universale viola da mano enharmonic harpsichord tzi zither accord zither pentecontachordon akkordzither proteus alpine zither sambuca lincea appalachian dulcimer kac accordion accordéon autoharp accordio banjo harp acordeon bell harp aeola bowed zither armonica a manticino box zither concertina bûche (Fr.) fisa cetra da tavolo fisarmonica chord zither handharmonika cithare harmonieflûte elegiezither harmoniflûte epinette des vosges klavier-harmonika fairy bells konzertina hexenscheit organetto (19th-20th hommel cent.) humle physharmonika hummel ziehharmonika langeleik langspil kba bandoneon bandonéon scheitholt kca carillon (with beiaard schwungzither keyboard) campanelli zither (19th-20th cent.) campanette zither harp cariglione tun plucked – pizzicati carillon di campane unspecified pincés jeu de timbres klokkenspel tzz plucked – other timbres plucked – ethnic use suffix: tuny kce celesta adiaphone electric bass use suffix: tgube célesta (Fr.)

6. Keyboard 6. Keyboard Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants celeste (En.) american organ céleste (Fr.) amerikanisches organ clavi-lame äolsklavier armonio kch chordette cabinet organ kcl clavichord clavichorde eoline clavichordium harmonicorde clavicorde harmonio clavicordio lap organ clavicordo melodeon cravo melofono klavichord melophone manicorde orchestrion (18th – early manicordio 19th cent.) manicordion organophone manicordo organo-violine monacordio orgue américain monacordo orgue expressif sordino (with keyboard) physharmonika (Austr.) piano-chanteur kco claviorgan clavecin organisé poïkilorgue claviorgano reed organ epinette organisée séraphine organ-harpsichord organo-piano khp harpsichord cembalo orgelklavier cembalo a penna orgelklavizimbel cimbalo piano-melodium clavecin clavecin brisé kcy clavicytherium arpa a cembalo clavessin arpone clavi simbalum cembalo verticale clavicembalo clavecin vertical clavicimbalum claviciterio clavicymbalum claviciterium flügel (16. cent. and clavicyterium after) klaviziterium gravicembalo kfp fortepiano cembalo a martelli (18th- kielflügel early 19th cent.) klavier (to mid-18th cembalo pianoforte cent.) fortepiano klavizymbel hammerflügel kmp melopiano armonipiano hammerklavier piano trémolophone piano forte (Fr.) kor organ ninfale kgl glockenspiel organetto (10th-19th (with keyboard) cent.) khm harmonium aeoline organino aeolodion organo aeolsklavier organum aerophon orgel akkordeon orglet

6. Keyboard 6. Keyboard Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants orgue piano-violon orgues sostinente piano portativo streichklavier positivo kst spinet arpicordo kpf piano aliquot piano bentside spinet apolliricon cembalo traverso apollonion épinette apollonium espinetta cabinet piano oktavspinett cottage piano querflügel ditanaklasis spinett klavier spinetta luthéal spinettina lyraflügel spinettone pforte kvg virginal double virginal pianino virginale piano cottage virginalls piano cycloide virginals piano droit piano elliptique kun keyboard – clavier piano-console unspecified instrument à clavier pianoforte instrumento da tasto piano-forte keyboard pianoforte piramidale keyboard instrument klavierinstrument piano-giraffa strumento a tastiera piano-luthéal strumento da tasto square piano tasteninstrument upright pianoforte tastiera kps plucked string clavier cordes pincées kxx keyboard – other keyboard tastiera a corde pizzicate keyboard – use suffix: kuny kre regals regal ethnic regale régale electronic organ use suffix: korx regallo casiotone electone ksi sirenion piano clédi-harmonique electrone piano eutophone hammond organ piano harmonicorde organo bontempi piano-doucine organo hammond ksp sostenente piano bogenflügel electric piano use suffix: kpfe bogenklavier electone cembalo ad arco neo-bechstein-flügel cembalo da arco piano électrique clavecin à archet piano elettrico clavicembalo ad arco pianoforte elettrico geigenwerck pianotron geigenwerk harmonichord piano à archet piano quatuor

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants pab aeolian bells aeolsglocken ekòn baguettes de verre ogàn campanelle a vento pan anvil amboss campanelle cinesi a vento ambosse chinese wind chimes bigornia chinesischer enclume messingpendelrassel incudine cloches de coquille yunke cloches de verre yunque clochette à vent clochette chinoise à vent pbb boobams bamboostrommel clochettes éoliennes boo-bams clochettes suspendues pbd bass drum big drum glass chimes bombo (Sp.) glass glocken cassa glass wind chimes cassa grande glasstäbchen catuba glaswindglocken einfellige grosse trommel lastrine a vento di vetro gong bass drum mark-tree gong drum metalpendelrassel gran cassa pearly chimes gran tamburo plaquettes de verre grancassa shell chimes shell wind chimes grancassa gong türgelaüt grand tambour wind chimes grosse caisse wind-chimes grosse trommel wood chimes mammoth rollo pad arabian drum arabische trommel tambor grande darabucca tamburo grande darabuka tamburo turco darabukka tonnant darabukke turkish drum darbouka darbuka pbe tambourin de altobasso darbukat Béarn tambourin à cordes derabukka tamburina (Basque) derbouka tountouna derbuka trombe (Fr., 17th-18th doumbek cent.) dumbeg-drum pbl bells bell chime tabourka campana tambour arabe campane tamburo arabo campane tubolari tarabonka chimes tarabuka cloche tarbourka cloches tubes tunbuk glocke pag agogo agogó röhrenglocken agogò röhrenglockenspiel

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants röhrenspiel pch chains catene tubular bells chaînes tubular chimes ketten kettenrassel pbo bongos bongo drums bongoes pci cimbalom brettl cymbalum pbp metal bells plate campane a lastra dolcema campane a placca dolcemela cloches à plaque dolcimela cloches en lame de métal doucemelle cloches-plaques doulcemelle metalplatten dowcememere plate bells dulce melos plattenglocken dulçema stahlplatten dulcet pbr bronte Bronté dulcette pca castanets castagnette dulcimer castagnettes dulcimor castagnetti hachbratt castagnole hackbrett castañetas kymbalon castañuelas pantaleon castanyoles psaltari (struck) clappern psalter (struck) cliquettes psaltérion (Fr., struck) kastagnetten psalterium (struck) nacchere psaltery (struck) saltari (struck) pcb cabaca Afoche saltere (struck) afoxe salterio (struck) afuche sautere (struck) afuche cabaza sautier (struck) cabasa sautieron (struck) cabaza timpano (Sp.) calebasse tympanon (Fr.) caqueré casabia pco chocalho chocallo kurbisrassel chocolo xaqué ganza metal chocalho pcc chinese cymbals cymbales chinoises metal tube pang cymbals metallgefässrassel piatto cinese shüttenrohr ping cymbals sounding tube swish cymbals tube shaker pcg conga atabaque (Brazilian) tube sonore congas tubo sonoro tambor (Cuban) tubos (Lat. Am.) tambora (Cuban) xocalho tumba pcr crash cymbal aufgehängte becken tumbadora becken auf ständer becken freihängend

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants bounce cymbals coppia di piatti crash ride cymbals cymbales (Fr.) cymbale suspendue cymbales à main cymbales frappées cymbales coquées hängendes becken cymbales cosser piatto cymbales frappées piatto sospeso cymbals – pair ride cymbals cymbals clashed rock cymbals gewöhnlich becken snap cymbal hand becken splash cymbals hand cymbals suspended cymbals piatti top cymbals piatti a due zymbal (Ger.) piatti a mano piatti in coppia pct crotales antike zimbeln piatti volanti antikes becken platillos antique cymbals schellbecken cimbali antichi tellern crotali tschinellen crotali antichi two cymbals cymbales antiques zwei becken gestossen gioco di crotali kleine tanz-becken pdr drum tabur zimbeln tambor zimbelspiel tambour tamburo pcu cuíca cuica trommel friction drum cuíca trumme pcv claves Baguettes pds drums bateria holzstäbe batteria pcw cowbell almglocke batterie campanaccio equipement de la batterie campanaccio a pedale percusión (Sp.) campanaccio alpestre percussion outfit campanaccio da mucca schlagzeug-garnitur cencerros pfc finger cymbals castagnette di ferro cloche à vache castagnettes de fer cloche de vache cimbalini a dita cow-bell cliquettes métalliques grelot de vache crotales à doigts herdenglocke crotali a dita kuhglocke cymbales à doigts métal bloc cymbales digitales vieh glocke viehschellen finger-zimbel iron castanets pcy cymbals becken metal castanets becken teller metallkastagnetten beckenpaar piattini cimbali cinelli pfd friction drum brummtopf clashed cymbals caccavella

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants jackdaw massue lions roar mazza lion's roar sledge-hammer löwengebrüll phb handbell campanella putipù campanella a mano reibentrommel campanella da chiesa reibtrommel campanilla ruggito del leone cloches à main rummeltopf clochette string drum clochette à main string-drum clochette de messe tambor de fricción clochette pour la messe tambour à corde hand bell tambour à friction handglocke tamburo a corda messglöche tamburo a frizione messklingel zambomba sanctus bell pfl flexatone Flexaton tischglocke pgl glockenspiel bell-lyra phh hi-hat charleston instrumento d'acciaio charleston-cymbals lyra glockenspiel cymbales à pedale metallino cymbales charleston militär glockenspiel foot cymbals sistro (18th-19th cent.) high-hat stabspiel hi-hat becken stahlspiel hi-hat charleston hi-hat cymbals pgn gun cannone piatti a pedale canon piatto a pedale explosivaerophone pir intonarumori pgo gong gong a suono indeterminato pje jembe djembe tam tam pji jingles araine tam-tam bubbolo tamtam carquavel pgu güiro gracé cascabel guayó cencerro güira esquila guiro girellina jiruquía grelot reco-reco grelots sapo jingle bells vis guirra rolle (Ger.) rollschelle pha hammer hammerschlag schelle maglio sleigh bells marteau sonagli martello sonagliera martellone sonaglio martelo sonnaille martillo

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants sonneau tambour militaire sonnette tambour roulant tambour ténor pli lithophone felsenharmonika tambourin de Suisse lithophon tamburo con corde litofono tamburo da parata steinharmonika tamburo di Basilea steinspiel tamburo militare plj lujon loo-jon tamburo piccolo pmb marimba marimbaphon tamburo rullante marimbaphone tamburo tenore tenor drum pmc maracas alfandoque tenortrommel asô wirbel trommel asson dadu pme metallophone metallofono guará métalophone huada pnv nail violin eisenvioline maracá melkharmonica marraga metallstabsharfe maruga nagelclavier nasisi nagelgeige sonajas nagelharmonika pmd military drum basel drum stockspiel basler trommel violino di ferro caisse violon de fer caisse claire pra ratchett bird-scare caisse plate carraca caisse roulante cog rattle caisse sourde crécelle caja knallfrosch cassa chiara knarre cassa rullante matraca drum with strings raganella field drum ratsche kleine trommel rattle landsknechtsz-trommel tartevelle militärtrommel prs rain stick bâton de pluie parade drum paradetrommel prt roto-toms rototoms rolling case rototomspiel rolling drum psc sizzle cymbals cymbale cloutée rolltrommel nietenbecken rührtrommel piatto chiodato rullante piatto con sizzler schnarrtrommel piatto jazz side drum snare drum pse sound-effect objet sonore tambour à timbre instrument oggetto sonoro tambour de Bâle psl slit-drum afrikanische tambour de parade schlitztrommel tambour d'empire

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants cassa di legno rute gestimmte hölzer ruthe holzblocktrommel stab aus bambus log drum twig brush rhythm log twigs schlitztrommel verges slit drum pta tablas tabla slit gong tabla trommel slit wood drum talking drum ptb tabor frame drum tambour à fente hand drum tambour à fessure handtrommel tambour de bois rahmentrommel tambour de bois à fente taberett tambour de tronc d'arbre tabolet tamburo a fessura taboret tamburo di legno tamborcillo tambori psm sistrum crepitaculum tamborim sistre tambour provençal sistro (antique) tambour sans cadre psn sirene siren tambourin sirena tambourin de provence sirène tambourine (Fr.) tambourine without psp sandpaper blocchi di carta vetrata jingles blocs à papier de verre tamburello senza sonagli carta vetrata tamburino papier de verre tamburo di provenza sandblöcke tamburo provenzale sandblocks tammarin sandpapier sandpapierblöcke ptc turkish crescent albero dei sonagli bonnet chinois pss sound sculpture sculpture sonore cappel cinese scultura sonora cappello cinese structure Bascet cappello turco pst steel drum bass pan chapeau chinois ping-pong chinesco rhythm pan chinese pavilion tambour d'acier cimbalero (Sp.) tamburo d'acciaio crescent tamburo di ferro halbmond tamburo di metallo jingling johnny tenor pan mezzaluna trinidad steel drum mohamedsfahne trinidad-gongtrommel padiglione cinese tuned-boom pavillon chinois schellenbaum psw switch whip fouet de verges frusta di verghe pte temple block bloc chinois klapper aus bambus chinese temple block pu-ili chorean blocks

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants dragon's mouth triangulo tempelblock tripet temple bloc ptm thunder machine bronteron ptg tuned gong bossed gong chapa de trueno buckelgong donnerblech button gong donnermaschine chinese gong lamiera del tuono chinesischer gong lamina metallica chromatic gong lastra del tuono gestimmtes gong macchina del tuono gong (tuned) machine à tonnerre gong a bulbo metal sheet gong a calotta thunder sheet gong a mamellone tôle pour imiter le gong accordé tonnerre gong ageng gong cinese pto tarol tamburo militare piccolo gong filippino tamburo tarole gong (hauteur fixe) tarole gong intonato tarole drum gong javanese tarole-trommel gong tailandese ptr tambourine basque drum gong-chime bedon de biscaye kempul pandeiro pti timpani atabal pandero bedon pantheru heerpauken penderete kettledrum piano-basque nacaires rahmentrommen pauken schellentrommel timbal tambour de basque timbale tambourine (En.) timbale chromatique tamburello timbales (20th cent.) tamburello basco timbales (Fr.) tamburello senza pelle timbale-trompette tamburin (Ger.) timballi tamburo basco timpano timbrel timpano a pedale ptt tom-tom tom timpno cromatico tomtom trompette-timbale tymbales pvi vibraphone steel marimba vibes ptl triangle acciarino vibrafono staffa vibraharp staffetto vibraphon stegeryff pvs vibra-slap jawbone trepie kieferknochen trepit mascella d'asino trespié quijada triangel schlagrassel triangolo

7. Percussion 7. Percussion Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants vibraslap silofono pwh whip claquette sistro d'apulia flagello sticcato fouet straw fiddle frusta strohfiedel holzklapper tastenxylophon peitsche timpano musicale slap stick tryphon slapstick xilofono xyloharmonika pwm wind machine aeoliphone xylophon eolifono macchina del vento pza zarb machine à vent pun percussion – percussioni windmaschine unspecified perkussion pwo woodblocks bloc chinois schlagzeug bloc de bois cylindrique pzz percussion – blocchi other blocchi di legno blocs chinois de bois percussion – use suffix: puny blocs de bois ethnic chinese blocks electronic use suffix: punx chinese woodblocks percussion drum machine chinesische blöcke electronic drum holzblock percussion électronique röhrenholztrommel percussioni elettroniche tone block rythm machine tone block cylinder wood block cilindrico side man wood blocks woodblock pxr xylorimba marimba-xylophone xilomarimba xilomarimba xilorimba xylo-marimba 8. Electric / electronic instruments and devices pxy xylophone armonica di legno armonica di paglia Code Definition Notes arpilegno Other definitions, claquebois language terms, echelette variants eschelletes eco computer Calcolatore gigelyra elektronen-rechengerät hölzernes gelächter elektronisches holzharmonika rechengerät holzspiel ordinateur hülze glechter processeur numérique instrument di legno legnofono ecs computer-ized postazione informatica orgue de bois musical station musicale patouilles station informatique régal de bois musicale

8. Electric / electronic instruments and devices 8. Electric / electronic instruments and devices Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants ect computerized bande réalisée par electronic organ use suffix: korx tape ordinateur, son fixé electronic use suffix: punx nastro realizzato da percussion computer electronic piano use suffix: kpix eds digital space dispositif spatial device numérique hammond organ use suffix: korx dispositivo spaziale digitale 9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified eea electro-acoustic dispositif électro- instruments device acoustique Code Definition Notes dispositivo Other definitions, elettroacustico language terms, eli live electronic ` variants ely lyricon mah aeolian harp aéro-clavicorde ema ondes Martenot onde martenot anémocorde äolsharfe eme meta-instrument méta-instrument arpa eolia metastrumento arpa eolica emu multimedial dispositif multimédia eliocordo device dispositivo multimediale harpe éolienne piano éolien eos oscillator oscillateur windharfe oscillatore mbo barrel organ Drehorgel esp space device dispositif spatial dutch organ dispositivo spaziale grinder organ esy synthesizer minimoog hand organ moog leierkasten odyssey organetto a cilindro sintetizzatore organetto a manovella synclavier organo di barberia synket organo tedesco synthétiseur orgue à manivelle orgue de barbarie eta tape bande magnétique street organ magnetofono walzenorgel magnettonband nastro magnetico mbr bullroarer bull-roarer tonband buzzer dischi sibilanti eth theremin teremin planchette ronflante théréminovox rhombe eun electronic – électronique, non spécifié rhombus unspecified elettronico, non rombo specificato schwirrholz spinning disc ezz electronic – other tavoletta sibilante thunder stick electric organ use suffix: kore waldteufel electric piano use suffix: kpie mbs bass bajo bas

9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified 9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified instruments instruments Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants Instrument basse fondamento basso fondement bassus fundamental bass generalbass mbw musical bow arc musical grundbass arco musical thorough bass arco musicale berimbau mgh glassharmonika armonica (En.) birimbao (Lat. Am.) armonica (It., 18th cent.) camalpa armonica a cristalli caramba rotanti harpa (Mex.) cassa armonica musikbogen clavicylinder ukeke cölison umcunga copologo euphon mbx musical box ariston euphone boîte à musique glasharmonika scatola musicale glass harmonica spieldose glasschord tabatière harmonica (En., 18th mck chekker archiquier cent.) echiquier harmonica de verres escacherium harmonicon escaque musical glasses eschaqueil d'angleterre verrillon eschiquier xylharmonicon exaquier xylomelodichord scacchiere xylosistron schachtbrett mha harmonica armonica (It., 19th-20th cent.) mcl musical clock flötenharfenuhr armonica a bocca flötenuhr armónica de boca harfenuhr harmonica à bouche horloge musical mouth organ orologio musicale mundharmonika spieluhr panharmonicon mco continuo bajo continuo mhg hurdy-gurdy armonie (Fr.) bajo fundamental bauernleier basse chiffrée bettlerleier basse continue chifonie basse fondamentale chinforgne basso cifrato cinfonia basso continuo ciphonie basso figurato clavecin-vielle basso fondamentale ghironda basso generale klaviergamba basso numerato leier bassus continuus lira organizzata bezifferten bass lyra mendicorum figured bass lyra organica

9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified 9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified instruments instruments Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants lyra pagana mml melodic instrument mélodique lyra rustica instrument melodieinstrument lyra tedesca strumento melodico organistro mms musical saw lame sonore (Fr.) organistrum säge mit bassbogen orgelleier gestrichen radleier scie musicale rotata sega cantante sambuca sega musicale sinfonia singende säge stampella spielsäge symphonia symphonie moc ocarina vessel flute vielle à roue mpo polyphonic instrument harmonique vielle organisée instrument strumento armonico viola da orbo viola de ruedas mpp player piano ampico zampugna autopiano zanfona duo-art piano zanfonia duophonola phonola mjh jew's harp aura piano mécanique birimbao piano pneumatico brummeisen pianola guimbarde reproduktionsflügel jaw's harp mra rabab Rebab jew's trump maultrommel msw swanee whistle flauto a coulisse rebube flûte à coulisse scacciapensieri jazz flûte trombula lotosflöte trompe de béard piston flute slide flute mla lamellaphone lamellophone slide whistle zanza stempelflöte mmc monochord canon harmonicus swanee flute monocorde ziehpfeife monocordo mtf tuning-fork alamire tastenmonochord corista mme melodica diapason mmi mirliton bazooka mui instrument – instrumento cantophone unspecified strumento eunuch mwd wind instrument aerofono flûte à l'oignon blasinstrument flûte eunuque strumento a fiato gazooka instrument à vent gazoota kazoo mwh whistle fischietto tommy-talker sifflet zazah mun instrument or instrument ou voix, non

9. Miscellaneous, other, unspecified 11. Orchestras, ensembles instruments Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants oba band banda voice, spécifié harmonie unspecified strumento o voce, non obi big band specificato obr brass band fanfara mzz other fanfare och chamber kammerorchester 10. Choruses orchestra orchestra da camera orchestre de chambre Code Definition Notes Other definitions, oco combo language terms, odo dance orchestra orchestra da ballo variants orchestre de danse cch children's choir chœur d'enfants ofu full orchestra grand orchestre choeur d'enfants orchestra sinfonica coro di voci bianche orchestre symphonique cme men's choir chœur d'hommes oga gamelan choeur d'hommes coro maschile oie instrumental complesso strumentale männerchor ensemble ensemble instrumental cmi mixed choir chœur mixte oja jazz band complesso jazz choeur mixte ensemble jazz coro misto ope percussion orchestra di percussioni cre reciting choir chœur parlé orchestra orchestre de percussions choeur parlé orb ragtime band coro parlato osb steel band coro recitante ost string orchestra orchestra d'archi cve vocal ensemble complesso vocale orchestre à cordes ensemble vocal streichorchester cwo women' s choir chœur de femmes owi wind orchestra orchestra di fiati choeur de femmes orchestre de vents coro femminile oun orchestra – orchester cun choir – chœur unspecified orchestre unspecified choeur chor ozz orchestra – choro other coro orchestra – use suffix: ouny czz choir – other ethnic choir – use suffix: cuny 12. Conductors ethnic Code Definition Notes Other definitions, language terms, variants qch choir conductor, chef de chœur chorus master direttore di coro qco conductor chef d'orchestre

12. Conductors Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Code Definition Notes language terms, Other definitions, variants language terms, variants decimo decimus direttore dixième direttore d'orchestra 1 eleventh onzième qce live electronic direttore di live conductor electronic undecima vox undicesima voce qlc light conductor direttore delle luci undicesimo qzz conductor – 2 twelfth dodicesima voce other dodicesimo douzième duodecima vox 13. Other performers Code Definition Notes 5 fifth cinquième Other definitions, quinta vox language terms, quinto variants quintus zab acrobat Acrobata 6 sixth sesto acrobate sexta vox sextus zat actor attore sixième comédien acteur 7 seventh septième septima vox zaw actress actrice septimus attrice settimo zac child actor acteur enfant 8 eighth huitième attore bambino octava vox zda dancer ballerino octavus danseur ottavo zel light engineer tecnico delle luci 9 ninth neuvième nona vox zmi mime mimo nono zas silent actor attore muto nonus zes sound engineer tecnico del suono a alto alt zju juggler giocoliere contralto jongleur b bass bajo zwp walk-on part comparsa bas figurant basse figurante basso zzz performer – interprete, altro c contrabass contrebasse other interprète, autre contrabbasso kontrabass B. Codes for fields 145 $b – $d, positions 5, 6 d midi e electric électrique Code Definition Notes elettrico Other definitions, f amplified amplificato language terms, amplifié variants g sub-contrabass basse grave 0 tenth decima vox basso grave

Code Definition Notes Code Definition Notes Other definitions, Other definitions, language terms, language terms, variants variants octobasse w two players on deux exécutants sur un sub-contrabbasso one instrument instrument h high acuto due esecutori su uno aigu strumento hoch x electronic électronique klein elettronico petit y ethinc, ethnique, traditionnel piccolo small traditional etnico, tradizionale i six hands sei mani z prepared préparé six mains preparato j eight hands huit mains otto mani k recorded enregistré C. Codes for fields 145 $b-$d, position 7 registrato l low big Code Definition grand # not specified – position not required grande grave 1-9 internal group identifier gross 0 internal group indicator (order of group not large specified) tief a solo (as opposite to non-solo m medium medio instruments/voices) mittel moyen b ad libitum n sopranino c may take place of the preceding code / alternative o one hand una mano une main d used by the same player as the preceding p sopracute garklein code sopracuto suraigu D. Codes for fields 145 $e, $f, position 4 q antiquity antichità antiquité Code Definition r baritone baritono a total number of performers baryton b brass instruments s soprano Dessus pardessus c choirs sopran d wind instruments treble e electro-acoustic instruments t tenor ténor tenore g groups within larger ensemble u three hands drei hände i instruments (not specified) tre mani j solo instruments trois mains k keyboard instruments v four hands vier hände quatre mains l solo voices quattro mani m miscellaneous, other instruments

Code Definition o orchestras p percussion instruments q conductors s bowed string instruments t plucked string instrument v voices (not specified) w woodwind instruments x choral voices y ensemble instruments z devices, other performers

UNIMARC Bibliographic, 3rd edition 2008