World History Quest: the Formation of Western Europe

World History Quest: The Formation of Western Europe

What was the chief goal of the Crusades?

to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks

What were the problems identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages?

Village priests married and had families contrary to Church law. Bishops sold positions in the Church for money. Kings, rather than Church leaders, appointed bishops.

What was the effect of the three-field system?

Farmers produced more food and villagers had more to eat.

Describe a Guild.

an association of people who worked at the same occupation

What did the Magna Carta guarantee?

basic legal rights

What was the major cause of the Great Schism?

arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope

What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?

parliament

During the later Middle Ages, where were most serfs likely to search for freedom? towns or cities

Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?

traders

What was the central issue of the Hundred Years War?

the throne of France

What are characteristics of Gothic architecture?

sculpture stained.glass windows high, vaulted ceilings

What was one negative effect of the Crusades that has continued to the present?

Hostility between Muslims and Christians

In what kind of language did Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer write? vernacular

What issue led to both of the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament? The power of the king

Why were Europeans able to begin studying ancient Greek works? They gained access to Muslim and Byzantine libraries that contained Greek works. Describe the Crusades. (What were they? Why were they fought? Who started them? Who fought against whom? )

 A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims  They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land  Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks (Muslims), returning the Holy Land to the Christians  The Christians and the Turks

How did the Great Schism and the Black Death lead to the end of the Middle Ages? Provide three examples.

 During the Middle Ages the two most imports parts of society were the religion and the feudal system.  The Great Schism was the division of the church where it loses power. Religion was beginning to be of a lesser importance  The Black Death caused the church to lose power and respect since it didn’t help the people  Things that we had during the Middle Ages begin to fade away due to these events.  As a result of these things we see a decrease in population, life style changes, leaving the manor and starting to create true towns and we begin to see the beginning of a centralized government with a head and a legislative

Simony - the practice of selling church positions

Inquisition – the Church court used in Spain to persecute Jews and Muslims Guild – acts like a modern day union in an organization of workers in the same occupation

Magna Carta – the Great Charter; it’s what America based its Bill of Rights provided basic legal rights

Gothic – a new style of architecture that rose up and defined the Age of Faith

Three-Field System – a new style of farming that allowed farmers to rotate crops and in turn grow more food

Commercial Revolution – a time period that saw great progress in trade and business

Crusades – a series of Holy wars to gain control of the Holy Land

Bubonic Plague – a deadly disease that caused 1/3 of Europe’s population to die

Vernacular – the everyday language of the people

Great Schism – the great split in the Catholic Church over who was the true pope

Parliament – the legislative branch of the English government

Reconquista – the organize effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain Why did the Gothic style of church develop during this time period? (how did it show what was happening in society). Describe the difference between a Romanesque style church and a Gothic style church, and provide four examples.

Middle Ages was known as the Age of Faith. Religion takes priority in the daily life of the people. As it becomes more important it also becomes the social center. A change in the style of the church reflects this.

With the Church becoming more important we see a change from the Romanesque style to the Gothic Style

The traditional Romanesque church was all of these things:  Stain glass – traditional, basic, and usually tells a story  Dark, dim and closed in  Low ceilings  “boring” dull simple  barrel vaults – rounded  few small windows  rounded arches  closed in – more wall space

The traditional Gothic style church was all of these things:  stain glass – usually more decorative, an example is the Rose Glass  light and open  high ceilings  fancy and decorative  rib vaults – arched or pointed  many large open windows  pointed arches  more open – less wall space