A.P. US Artem Kholodenko s1

A.P. US Artem Kholodenko Mods 6/7/8 0109 Notes for pgs. 886 – 895

The United States in a - While US battled depression, Italy, Germany, and Japan Menacing World were militarizing FDR’s Nationalism and - FDR first put US interests above all, while his sec. of the Good Neighbor Policy state, Cordell Hull believed in free trade and international economic cooperation - In his ’32 inaugural address, FDR said the US would use the Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, unlike the police powers of Ted Roosevelt - Last US troops were removed from D.R. and Haiti and National City Bank of NY transferred Haiti central bank control to Haitian government - Rights over the Panama canal were also reviewed Smoot-Hawley Tariff of - The tariff imposed quotas by US toward Cuba in sugar 1930 production - In ’33 the Grau San Martin gov. came to power after an uprising, but it wasn’t recognized by the US; he was overthrown by Fulgecio Batista after a “visit” from US The Rise of Fascism in - In ’22 Benito Mussolini & fascists came to power in Europe and Asia Italy and later Adolf Hitler took power in Germany German Fascism - Hitler capitalized on the German hate for the ’18 treaty of Versailles - After a ’29 depression in Germany, Hitler and his National Socialist Party (Nazi) were able to pull the country out of it - On Jan. 30, 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany, 2 weeks before FDR’s inaugurations; they both died within 2 weeks of Apr. ‘45 - In GE, young nazis burned books - mostly Jewish writers - Hitler believed GE needed to be purified of interiors - In ’35 GE reoccupied Rhineland; it was off limits in the treaty, in ’38 Austria & GE united as one - Italy invaded Ethiopia in ’35, but no actions of League of Nations were made 1936 Olympic Games - In ’36 Jesse Owens, black, beat or tied 3 records ion Berlin, proving GE stereotypes of blacks wrong Sudetenland - Sep. 29-30, ’38 GE invaded Sudetenland, which had 3 mil ethnic Germans & 700,000 Czechs Japan Expands - In ’31-’32, Jap troops occupied provinces on China - In July ’37 Jap launched a full war vs. China - In ’36 Ita., Ger. & Jap. signed alliance & defense treaties The American Mood: No - The American people were against war More War - Books were written about the evils of war - A ’37 poll showed the 70% of people said Us should have stayed out of WWI - American Student Union led the fight against war ‘35-‘38 Neutrality Acts - Passed ’35-’37, they gave legislative expression to popular longing for peace - Sale of arms were outlawed along with national war loans - The acts’ critics, including FDR, said they were futile and encouraged people to conquer neighbors Hesitant Response to the - At 1st the US people sought kindly of Mussolini Fascist Challenge - In ‘39 the German-American Bund, a Nazi organization filled Madison Square Garden supporting the murderer - Hollywood write & Anti-Semite William Dudley organized US fascist movement: Silver Shirts - The other Americans, the European leaders seemed more of a joke than terror Popular Front - Some did fear the fascist movement from the beginning, like Harvard Ph.D. Howard Mumford Jones, warning about book burning Dorothy Thompson - After getting expelled from Germany in ’34, she became the most powerful voice denouncing Nazis - All opposed US military response to nazis - US regarded China with sympathy because of social ad economic involvement - After the ’37 Japanese invasion of China, US supplied $ and told people to boycott Japanese silk 1938 – 1939: The - On 3/15/39 Nazis went into Czechoslovakia Gathering Storm - In 5 month the Nazi-Soviet pact gave Hitler rights to invade Poland - The Americans still urged the government to keep out of the war, but opinion shifted quickly, as Albania also fell to Nazi control - FDR asked Hitler not to invade 31 specific countries, at which Hitler and Mussolini laughed - In ’38 FDR asked congress for $300 mil for military production and in’39 a $1.3 billion budget was submitted America and the Jewish - Once in power Hitler and followers transformed hate for Refugees Jews into laws: o Nuremberg laws denied German Jews citizenship o Jewish students were expelled fro schools o Jews were required to register property o An assassination of a German official by a Jewish youth followed a $400 mil fine on all Jews Night of Broken Glass - Night of Nov. 9-10, 1938, organized Nazis all over Germany & Austria vandalized Jewish homes, synagogues, retired homes, hospitals, and businesses - From ’33 – ’38 60,000 Jews came to US, many scholars, like novelist Thomas Mann and theologian Paul Tillich - While welcoming the scholars, the US didn’t act as welcoming to the other coming refugee masses - US discriminatory quotas were set-up for refugees entering the US - In the international conference held in Evian, France in ’38, Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees was set-up - Only few Americans wanted to led great number of refugee Jews into the US St. Louis Rejection - In June ’39, the St. Louis was denied a permit in Havana and landing @ Frt. Lauderdale, FL, carrying 900 Jews – the ship had to turn back to Europe