Professor, History Department Central European University (Budapest)

Victor Karady Professor, History Department Central European University (Budapest) Former research director emeritus of the French CNRS (EHESS) [email protected]

Processed prosopographical databases (sets of statistical tables for multivariate data analyses) related to students and educated elites in Hungarian institutions of higher education1 (cc. 1867-1949) produced in the framework of the research project :

CULTURALLY COMPOSITE ELITES, REGIME CHANGES AND SOCIAL CRISES IN MULTI- ETHNIC AND MULTI-CONFESSIONAL EASTERN EUROPE. (THE CARPATHIAN BASIN AND THE BALTICS IN COMPARISON - CC. 1900-1950).2

Realized thanks to the financial support of the European Research Council (Advanced Leadership Grant ELITES08)3

Intoduction

The data banks referred to below concern prosopographies with varying contents, depending on the existence, the accessibility and the personal information comprised in the sources exploited. The latter were both archival ones (mostly inscription files and exam records) and printed ones (lists of alumni enrolled, graduates, members of student or professional associations, etc.). The data consigned in the personal files draw essentially upon the following information :

- life cycle (place and date of birth and – occasionally - death) - educational track (secondary schools and institutions of higher education attended – those abroad included - with dates of attendance, degrees obtained, scholarships awarded, grades obtained) - social background (parents’ profession, residence, religion, mother tongue, ethnic belonging or origin) - professional career and success (from lists of professionals, publications, citations in national biographical dictionaries, encyclopaedias).

With some exceptions for all the student populations cited below computerized prosopographies are available (in Access or SPSS programs) together with a sizable collection of statistical tables for each, prepared for multivariate analyses. A number of relevant publications are in preparation on different clusters of students and graduates (like jurists, medical doctors, artists, theologians, etc.) aiming explicitely at the comparative study of the collective properties of alumni having emerged from different institutions of higher learning

1 Besides the data banks below on alumni of post secondary education in Hungary, several other large scale computerized prosopographical data collections have been achieved for Hungary (within its historically changing territories) in the framework of the project. The biggest among them concern the prosopographies of classical secondary school graduates for 1851-1950, amounting to 281.000 cases registered. 2 The data banks referred to below do not include those collected in the same project for the Baltic countries and for regions detached from Hungary after 1918 (Slovakia, Transylvania and surrounding regions, Voivodina), that is for the period when their educational provision of these territories was placed under the authority of successor states – Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia. 3 Exhaustive surveys of enrolled students unless otherwise indicated. Reference to universities and other institutions of higher education abroad concern only students from Hungary (by birth or by residence).

1 training students for the given sector of professional activity. Some of the basic prosopographies are prepared for publication as such.4

All data banks listed below may be consulted upon demand for purposes of academic or even genealogical reseach.

List of available computerized and statistically processed prosopographies

N = cc. 403 200 - (374 200 for students and graduates)5

I. Jurists (students of Law) – cc. 117 120

a. Before 1919 i. Graduates of the Law Faculty of the University of Budapest (1870-1948) – 38 597 ii. Law Faculty of the University of Kolozsvár (1872-1918) – 14 198 iii. Academies of Law b. Debrecen Calvinist Ac. (1870-1912) - 2718 c. Eger Catholic Ac. (1/3 sample – 1865-1948) - 5372 d. Eperjes-Miskolc Lutheran Ac. (1872-1918) - 7424 e. Győr State Ac. (1870-1884) - 208 f. Kassa State ac. (1880-1919) - 475 g. Kecskemét Calvinist Ac. (1867-1948) - 4910 h. Nagyvárad State Ac. (1862-1917) - 4968 i. Pápa Calvinist Ac. (1860-1884) – 542 j. Pécs Catholic Ac. (1867-1919) - 1566 k. Pozsony Calvinist Ac. (1867-1919) - 1645 l. Sárospatak Calvinist Ac. (1867-1918) - 704 iv. Law Faculty of the University of Vienna (1850-1919) - 4029 v. Law Faculties of the German Empire (1789-1919) -1580 vi. Law Faculties of Switzerland (1850-1918) - 183 vii. Law Faculties of the Universities in Prague (1850-1918) - 348

b. 1919-1948 i. Law Faculty of the University of Budapest (as above) ii. Law Faculty of the University of Debrecen - 7715 iii. Law Faculty of the University of Szeged - 7875 iv. Law Faculty of the University of Pécs – 13 063

II. Medical doctors, pharmacists, veterinaries – cc. 102 830

a. Before 1919

4 See for example: Victor Karady and Lucian Nastasa (ed.), The University of Kolozsvár/Cluj and the Students of the Medical Faculty (1872-1918), Cluj, Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center, Budapest-New York, Central European University Press, 392 pages. 5 The figures in italics indicate the numbers of cases (with standardised biographical information) included in the data banks concerned.

2 i. Graduates of Medicine at the Medical Faculty of the University of Budapest (1770-1950) – 28 008 ii. Graduates of Pharmacy at the Medical Faculty of the University of Budapest (1906-1945) – 2883 iii. Medical Faculty of the University of Budapest (1844/45) - 249 iv. Medical doctors of the Honvéd Army (1848/49) – 505 v. Medical Faculty of the University of Kolozsvár (1872-1918) – published earlier vi. Doctors on the medical market locally and regionally 1. in 1840 - 667 2. in 1859 - 932 3. in 1875 - 2328 4. in 1914 - 5583 vii. Veterinary Academy in Budapest (1861-1951) - 2370 viii. Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna (1850-1867) - 1667 ix. Medical Faculties of the German Empire (1789-1919) - 844 x. Medical Faculties of Switzerland (1840-1917) - 112 xi. Medical Faculties of the Universities in Prague (1850-1918) – 241 xii. Department of pharmacy at the Medical Faculty of Prague (1856-1918) - 35

b. 1919-1949 i. Medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Budapest (1918-1952) – 15 215 ii. Pharmacy students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Budapest - 2093 iii. Medical Faculty of the University of Debrecen (1919-1953) - 3409 iv. Medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Szeged - 3806 v. Pharmacy students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Szeged - 2786 vi. Medical Faculty of the University of Pécs - 5147 vii. Members of the Right extremist medical association MONE - 3409 viii. Members of the EPOL medical association - 142 ix. Doctors on the medical market locally and regionally b. in 1942 (Chamber of Medicine) – 11 219 c. in 1947 (listing of the Chamber of Medicine) - 9189 d. in 1947 (listing of the Medical Trade Union) -

III. Students of Arts and Sciences – cc. 33 940

a. 1867-1918 i. Graduates of the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Budapest (1878-1944) - 13 917

3 ii. Faculty of Arts (Humanities) at the University of Kolozsvár/Cluj (1872-1918) - 2898 iii. Faculty of Science at the University of Kolozsvár/Cluj (1872-1918) - 1181 iv. Eötvös Collegium, students admitted (1895-1949) - 1242 v. Eötvös Collegium, candidates refused (1895-1949) - 1056 vi. Members of the Benedictine teaching congregation (1870- 1949) - 633 vii. Members of the Piarist teaching congregation (1868-1945) - 1091 viii. Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna (1850- 1919) - 1895 ix. Philosophical Faculties (Humanities) of the German Empire (1789-1919) – 556 x. Philosophical Faculties (Natural Sciences) of the German Empire (1789-1919) - 324 xi. Philosophical Faculties of Switzerland (1850-1918) - 346 xii. Philosophical Faculty of the Universities in Prague (1850- 1918) - 273

b. 1919-1949 xiii. Philosophical Faculty of the University of Budapest – as above xiv. Philosophical Faculty of the University of Debrecen (1914- 1948) - 2986 xv. Philosophical Faculty of the University of Szeged - 3046 xvi. Philosophical Faculty of the University of Pécs – 1030 xvii. Budapest Academy of sports and teacher training in physical education (1928-1949) - 1266 xviii. Academy of Therepeutical Pedagogy (1928-1949) – xix. Szeged Academy for training teachers for ’civic schools’ (1928-1948) – data published earlier

IV. Students of Agriculture and forestry (academies and colleges) – cc. 12 165

a. Pallagpuszta (1890-1920) - 704 b. Keszthely (1880-1948) - 2330 c. Kolozsmonostor (1906-1918, 1941-1944) – 1097 d. Mosonmagyaróvár (sample years, 1880-1949) - 1653 e. Kassa (1906-1919) - 338 f. Budapest Academy of Horticulture (1890-1949) - 2375 g. Selmecbánya (since 1920 Sopron) Academy of Forestry (sample years, 1880-1948) - 3423 h. Vienna (1890-1918) - 214 i. Agricultural academies in Germany (1794-1919) – 31

V. Students of military academies and related clusters – cc. 13 085

a. Ludovika Academy (1908-1912 and 1929-33) - 297 b. Ludovika Academy (1929-1931) - 542

4 c. Vienna military academies (1867-1919) - 2131 d. Vienna Konsularakademie (1890-1918) - 60 e. Fiume/Rijeka School for Naval Officers (1896-1918) - 387 f. Reserve officers (sample for 1867-1913) - 7696 g. Active and reserve officers in Hussar regiments (1935-1945) - 594 h. Members of the ’vitéz’ military order (1920-1939) - 1378

VI. Students in Artistic training – cc. 18 155

a. Budapest Conservatory of Music (1890-1930, 1945-1949, sample) - 4459 b. Vienna Academy of Music (1915-1955, selected years, anonymous data banks, all students besides those from Hungary) - 7933 c. Music academies in Germany (1850-1919) - 112 d. Music academy in Prague (1840-1916) - 39 e. Budapest Academy of Industrial Arts (graduates - 1899-1948) - 2043 f. Budapest Academy of Fine Arts (1877-1948) - 2281 g. Budapest Academy of Theatre (1900-1948) - 742 h. Vienna Academy of Fine Arts (1890-1918) - 102 i. Academies of Fine Arts in Germany (1821-1919) - 423 j. Academy of Fine Arts in Prague (1822-1913) - 21

VII. Students of commercial and economic training – cc. 27 560

a. Budapest Commercial Academy (1870-1911, 1929-1935) - 1313 b. Budapest Oriental Academy of Trade (1890-1920) - 1182 c. Fiume/Rijeka Exportation Academy (1912-1919) - 200 d. Kolozsvár/Cluj Commercial Academy (1900-1911) - 438 e. Budapest Economic Faculty, Department of Trade (1921-1948) - 5745 f. Budapest Economic Faculty, Department for the training of teachers in commercial secondary schools (1890-1944) - 2688 g. Vienna Academy of Exportation 1898-1918) - 556

VIII. Students of technological training – cc. 35 940

a. Budapest Faculty of General and Civil Engineering (1882-1949) - 5173 b. Budapest Faculty of Chemistry (1882-1948) - 1697 c. Budapest Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (1882-1949) – 16.888 d. Budapest Faculty of Architecture (1882-1950) - 4394 e. Selmecbánya Academy of Metallurgy (1870-1918) - 518 f. Selmecbánya Academy of Mining (1880-1948 samples) - 1580 g. Polytechnics in Vienna (1867-1918) - 2126 h. Polytechnics in Germany (1804-1918) - 2344 i. Polytechnics of Zürich (1867-1918) - 810 j. Polytechnics in Prague (1850-1918) - 383 k. Pribram school of mining - 26

IX. Theologies – cc. 13 330

a. Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Budapest (1894-1945) - 1787

5 b. Catholic Theological Seminary of the Bishopric of Szeged (1920-1939) - 232 c. Catholic priests of the Esztergom Archbichopric (1832-2006) - 2732 d. Calvinist Theological Academy in Budapest (1855-1945) - 2138 e. Calvinist Theological Academy in Sárospatak (1867-1918) - 857 f. Calvinist Theological Academy in Debrecen (1867-1868) -190 g. Calvinist Theological Academy in Pápa (1867-1950) - 873 h. Lutheran Theological Faculty of the University of Pécs in Sopron (1923- 1948) - 763 i. Lutheran Theological Academy of Eperjes (1867-1884) - 184 j. Faculty of Catholic Theology of the University of Vienna (1852-1889) - 744 k. Faculty of Protestant Theology of the University of Vienna (1867-1988) - 234 l. Lutheran theological faculties of universities in Germany (1790-1918) - 2595

X. Other elite clusters – cc. 29 000

a. Freemasons in Hungary (1867-1918) – 13 124 b. Freemasons in Transylvania (1867-1918) - 1113 c. Medical doctors with telephone subscription in the province (1943) - 4814 d. Fellows of the Gojdu Foundation ( 1871-1918) – 1076 e. Students of Austrian universities – all faculties (1790-1849) - 8877