Table 1 Spearman Correlation of Antibody Level and AI for Each Serotype

Table SI. Analysis of variance for the interaction of PPSV exposure and antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to antibody concentration (Conc.) and avidity index (AI).

Type 1 3 8 9 12 51 4 14 19 23 26 56

FConc. 0.0410 0.3414 0.7767 2.3466 0.0871 0.0209 0.1818 0.0050 1.3764 0.6268 0.0033 0.5917

PConc. 0.8400 0.5608 0.3810 0.1298 0.7687 0.8854 0.6710 0.9438 0.2445 0.4311 0.9546 0.4442

FAI 0.0039 0.8212 0.3373 0.0001 0.2876 0.0943 0.0300 0.4727 0.2705 1.1512 0.1006 0.2312 pAI 0.9502 0.3679 0.5634 0.9920 0.5958 0.7596 0.8630 0.4940 0.6046 0.2869 0.7520 0.6321 Table SIIa. Comparison of patients and the reference group using a combination of concentrations and AI to define protective antibody.

Absent Present Concentration < 1.3 OR Concentration ≥ 1.3 AND % Type Total p AI < 1 AI ≥ 1 P 54 20 27 74 1 0.3380 R 52 27 34 79 P 63 14 18 77 3 0.9269 R 65 15 19 80 P 68 10 13 78 8 <0.0001 R 42 38 48 80 P 67 10 13 77 9 0.7164 R 68 12 15 80 P 74 3 4 77 12 0.6185 R 78 2 3 80 P 63 15 19 78 51 0.1623 R 71 9 11 80 P 61 17 22 78 4 0.7814 R 64 16 20 80 P 43 35 45 78 14 <0.0001 R 78 2 3 80 P 59 19 24 78 19 0.0308 R 47 32 41 79 P 35 43 55 78 23 0.0030 R 54 25 32 79 P 48 30 38 78 26 0.0252 R 35 45 56 80 P 41 37 47 78 56 0.8813 R 43 37 46 80 Table SIIb. Comparison of patients on antibiotic prophylaxis and the reference group using a combination of concentrations and AI to define protective antibody.

Absent Present Concentration < 1.3 OR Concentration ≥ 1.3 AND Type Total p AI < 1 AI ≥ 1 P 21 10 32 31 1 0.8480 R 52 27 34 79 P 24 9 27 33 3 0.3138 R 65 15 19 80 P 28 5 15 33 8 0.0013 R 42 38 48 80 P 28 4 13 32 9 0.7327 R 68 12 15 80 P 30 3 9 33 12 0.1213 R 78 2 3 80 P 27 6 18 33 51 0.3234 R 71 9 11 80 P 25 8 24 33 4 0.6161 R 64 16 20 80 P 17 16 48 33 14 <0.0001 R 78 2 3 80 P 25 8 24 33 19 0.1015 R 47 32 41 79 P 13 20 61 33 23 0.0044 R 54 25 32 79 P 22 11 33 33 26 0.0267 R 35 45 56 80 P 15 18 55 33 56 0.4224 R 43 37 46 80 Table SIII. Correlation of antibody concentration and AI for each serotype.

Type All Patients Patients PPSV Yes Patients PPSV No Reference group All subjects All subjects < 6 yr r p N r p N r p N r p N r p N r p N 1 0.0822 0.5187 64 0.1301 0.7994 27 0.0219 0.8982 37 0.2619 0.0274 71 0.1321 0.1266 135 0.1466 0.2531 7 0 3 0.1161 0.3211 75 0.2850 0.1571 32 0.0225 0.8859 43 0.0207 0.8632 72 0.0716 0.3888 147 0.0109 0.9543 7 6 8 -0.0624 0.6103 69 0.1779 0.3435 31 -0.1149 0.4921 38 0.3596 0.0018 73 0.2396 0.0041 142 0.1369 0.1600 7 1 9 0.1225 0.3124 70 0.3528 0.1212 29 0.0010 0.9951 41 0.1460 0.2278 70 0.1299 0.1261 140 0.1208 0.5693 7 5 12 0.4433 0.0098 33 0.4585 0.0057 19 0.5135 0.0603 14 0.0843 0.5010 66 0.1624 0.1082 99 0.0140 0.7813 5 2 51 0.4739 <0.0001 74 0.4348 0.0017 31 0.5170 0.0004 43 0.1771 0.1233 77 0.3139 0.0001 151 0.2661 0.1688 7 8

4 0.2862 0.0141 73 0.3695 0.0823 32 0.2481 0.1179 41 0.2578 0.0324 69 0.2049 0.0144 142 0.2339 0.0104 8 1 14 0.1027 0.3805 75 0.0994 0.2075 32 0.1142 0.4658 43 0.6260 0.0011 24 0.3104 0.0018 99 0.3629 0.0683 5 5 19 0.2513 0.0286 76 0.4406 0.0059 32 0.0111 0.9430 44 0.3221 0.0051 74 0.1097 0.1816 150 0.0988 0.0099 8 1 23 0.2994 0.0086 76 0.4646 0.0053 30 0.2177 0.1461 46 0.1416 0.2424 70 0.2078 0.0119 146 0.0881 0.0781 7 9 26 0.4861 <0.0001 78 0.4403 0.0018 32 0.5766 <0.0001 46 0.5693 <0.0001 74 0.3535 <0.000 152 0.2985 0.0009 8 1 2 56 0.1874 0.1027 77 0.3038 0.1064 32 0.0726 0.6354 45 0.1951 0.0913 76 0.1549 0.0558 153 0.0365 0.7837 8 2 Table SIVa. Correlation of antibody concentration with age for each serotype

Type All Patients Patients PPSV Yes Patients PPSV No Reference group All subjects All subjects < 6 yr r p N r p N r p N r p N r p N r p N 1 -0.0236 0.8377 78 -0.1657 0.3648 32 -0.0018 0.9908 46 -0.1564 0.1688 79 -0.0841 0.2948 157 0.0976 0.3771 83 3 0.0095 0.9339 78 -0.1382 0.4506 32 0.0416 0.7838 46 0.0267 0.8144 80 0.0194 0.8083 158 0.1828 0.0940 84 8 0.2572 0.0230 78 0.0893 0.6269 32 0.2972 0.0448 46 -0.2804 0.0117 80 -0.0085 0.9153 158 0.2267 0.0369 84 9 0.0502 0.6626 78 0.0940 0.6088 32 -0.0416 0.7837 46 0.1262 0.2645 80 0.0873 0.2754 158 0.1707 0.1181 84 12 0.1528 0.1818 78 -0.0037 0.9839 32 0.2338 0.1178 46 0.0253 0.8235 80 0.0921 0.2499 158 -0.0055 0.9598 84 51 0.1774 0.1202 78 -0.0070 0.9696 32 0.2383 0.1107 46 0.6143 <0.0001 80 0.3832 <0.0001 158 0.3966 0.0002 84

4 -0.1938 0.0892 78 -0.2834 0.1160 32 -0.2324 0.1201 46 -0.5381 <0.0001 80 -0.3003 0.0001 158 -0.1760 0.1071 84 14 -0.0739 0.5203 78 -0.0280 0.8790 32 -0.1662 0.2696 46 0.0679 0.5493 80 -0.0225 0.7788 158 0.0617 0.5748 84 19 0.0823 0.4739 78 0.1208 0.5100 32 -0.0424 0.7794 46 -0.3381 0.0022 80 -0.1049 0.1897 158 0.0339 0.7583 84 23 -0.2264 0.0463 78 -0.1364 0.4567 32 -0.3074 0.0377 46 -0.2062 0.0664 80 -0.2154 0.0066 158 -0.0130 0.9058 84 26 -0.2582 0.0225 78 -0.3383 0.0582 32 -0.3036 0.0403 46 -0.3368 0.0023 80 -0.2846 0.0003 158 0.0335 0.7611 84 56 -0.2653 0.0189 78 -0.1887 0.3011 32 -0.3592 0.0142 46 -0.2579 0.0209 80 -0.2483 0.0017 158 -0.0849 0.4399 84 Table SIVb. Correlation of AI with age for each serotype

Type All Patients Patients PPSV Yes Patients PPSV No Reference group All subjects All subjects < 6 yr rS p N rS p N rS p N rS p N rS p N rS p N 1 -0.1802 0.1543 64 -0.3109 0.1144 27 -0.1037 0.5413 37 -0.1566 0.1888 72 -0.1701 0.0477 136 0.16998 0.153437 71 3 -0.0910 0.4375 75 -0.1065 0.5620 32 -0.0731 0.6414 43 -0.2188 0.0648 72 -0.1474 0.0749 147 -0.06725 0.561156 76 8 -0.0587 0.6318 69 -0.1018 0.5857 31 0.0029 0.9864 38 -0.4095 0.0003 73 -0.2646 0.0015 142 -0.05001 0.676539 71 9 -0.3431 0.0036 70 -0.1905 0.3222 29 -0.4230 0.0059 41 -0.1727 0.1528 70 -0.2730 0.0011 140 -0.11977 0.302737 75 12 0.2729 0.1244 33 -0.0017 0.9946 19 0.6843 0.0069 14 -0.2315 0.0614 66 -0.0706 0.4871 99 -0.11722 0.403218 52 51 -0.0187 0.8742 74 -0.2850 0.1202 31 0.0991 0.5270 43 -0.0296 0.7983 77 -0.0237 0.7723 151 0.163937 0.148833 78

4 -0.4254 0.0002 73 -0.3784 0.0327 32 -0.4680 0.0020 41 -0.3148 0.0084 69 -0.3823 <0.0001 142 -0.00839 0.940396 81 14 -0.1097 0.3487 75 -0.2415 0.1830 32 -0.0162 0.9179 43 0.0376 0.8614 24 -0.0764 0.4524 99 0.037938 0.781319 55 19 -0.1919 0.0968 76 -0.2649 0.1429 32 -0.2111 0.1690 44 -0.2923 0.0115 74 -0.2146 0.0084 150 0.008462 0.939854 81 23 -0.4064 0.0003 76 -0.3175 0.0873 30 -0.4525 0.0016 46 -0.3391 0.0041 70 -0.3516 <0.0001 146 0.023383 0.836882 79 26 -0.3745 0.0007 78 -0.4324 0.0134 32 -0.3656 0.0125 46 -0.2057 0.0786 74 -0.2790 0.0005 152 0.013669 0.902385 82 56 -0.3601 0.0013 77 -0.2166 0.2337 32 -0.4830 0.0008 45 -0.4165 0.0002 76 -0.3844 <0.0001 153 0.004976 0.964388 82

In all tables, cells with p<0.05 are shaded grey.